146高中英语语法导学案之状语从句.docx
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146高中英语语法导学案之状语从句
高中英语语法导学案之状语从句
学习目标:
使学生懂得状语从句的定义,句法功能,分类,引导词,及各类状语从句的用法,联系高考试题提高学生分析和解决问题的能力。
学习方法:
自主学习讲义内容,独立完成题目并且小组讨论达标练习和巩固练习。
概念及分类:
句子可以分为简单句,并列句和复合句;复合句中从句可分为定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句。
用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。
状语从句可分为:
1.时间状语从句;2.地点状语从句;3.原因状语从句;4.条件状语从句;5.目的状语从句;6.让步状语从句;7.比较状语从句;8.方式状语从句;9.结果状语从句。
时间状语从句
when,while和as
1,when,观察下面例句,总结其用法:
WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.
Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.
总结:
从句表示的动作_________________________________,主句和从句的先后关系
_______________________________________________________________________。
在下列句子中,when的含义是:
_____________,做为并列连词。
Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.
Wewereabouttosetoffonourwaywhenitsuddenlybegantorain
Shewasonthepointofgoingtoshopwhenthetelephonerang..
HardlyhadIarrivedwhenthetrainleft.
Hehadjustfinishedhishomeworkwhensomeoneaskedhimtoplaybasketball.
总结:
_________________________________:
_____________________________
____________________________________;_______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
观察下列句子中when的含义:
Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalkthereinfiveminutes.
Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyouhavegotsuchagoodone?
when表示条件,意思接近“在…...情况下”
whenever:
IgotothetheaterwheneverIgetthechance.(每当,每次)
Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.(在任何时候)
2,while,观察例句并总结用法:
Wewerelistening/listenedtotheradiowhilehewasreadingnewspaper.
Iliketeawhilehelikecoffee.
Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.
总结:
while引导的从句谓语动词必须是_______________________,常用___________时。
作为并列连词,表示_________________,翻译成_____________;语气比but________。
把while的含义写在后面括号内:
Whilewedidn’tagree,wecontinuetobegoodfriends.()
Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.()
Whilethereislife,thereishope.()
Striketheironwhileitishot.()
总结:
while除了引导时间状语从句外,还可以引导_________________________________。
3.as引导时间状语从句:
Astimegoeson,it’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.
Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.
从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生,可译为________或者________________。
温馨提示:
当主句表示的是短暂的动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示一段时间内正在进行的动作时,when,while,as可互换使用。
When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.
题组训练用while,when,as填空:
________Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofthestore.
_________Johnarrived,Iwascookinglunch.
________hegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.
Howcanhegetgoodgrades_______hewon’tstudy?
Iwaswanderingthroughthestreet__________Icaughtsightofatailor’sshop.
______thegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.
assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner…than…,hardly(scarecely,barely)…when…
这些从属连词引导的从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生,常译为_____________________.
ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.
Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.
Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.
注意:
在nosooner…than…;hardly/scarcely/barely…when结构中,主句用_____________,从句使用__________________时态。
此外,当把nosooner或hardly等提到句首时,应用_______________语序。
Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
=Hardly________________________________________________________.
Ihadnosoonercomehomethanitbegantorain.
=Nosooner____________________________________________________.
题组训练英译汉:
Theyphonedimmediatelytheyreachedhome.
____________________________________________________________________
TheyearmybrotherjoinedthearmyIgraduatedfromthehighschool.
______________________________________________________________________
Ihadwaitedfor3hoursbythetimethetrainarrived.(注意主句时态:
)
________________________________________________________________________
EverytimeIseeher,sheisalwaysbusy.
________________________________________________________________________
Iwanttoseeherthemomentshearrives.
_________________________________________________________
表示时间的名词或名词短语也可以引起时间状语从句,如:
_______________________________________.
tilluntil和not…until
Heremainedthereuntilshearrived.
Youmaystayhereuntiltherainstops.
Hewon’tgotobeduntilshereturns.
UntilyoutoldmeIhavenoideaofit.
ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.
NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.
观察以上各句,找出用法。
肯定句:
主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。
否定句:
主句谓语动词必须是_________________,意为某动作直到某时间才开始。
_____________可以用于句首,而__________不可以。
在强调句型中notuntil两词在一起不分开;句首时,_________要倒装。
题组训练句型转换
Ididn’tleaveuntilshecameback..
______________shecameback_____________leave.
_____________notuntilshecameback________I________.
before,after和since
1.before,在…之前:
翻译下面的句子:
Lookbeforeyouleap.___________________________________________
Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy._________________________________________________
把下列各句中的before的含义写在后面:
Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.()
Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.()
Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.()
BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme()
before构成的固定句型,看例句总结:
Itwillbeayearbeforeyouleaveschool.
ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleepagain.
Itwillbe+_________before(谓语动词用_____________________)
Itwas+____________before(谓语动词用____________________)
2.since:
IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.
Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactorysinceheleftschool.
Ihaveseenhertwicesincehelivedhere.
总结:
since从句的谓语动词一般是___________动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性或者反复发生的动作。
主句时态为_______________,从句时态为_________________。
从句动词若是延续性动词,则表示_______________________。
概括since构成的句型,:
Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout
ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.
ItwasyearssinceIhadseenher.
___________________________________________________________________________________________.
把以上句子翻译成汉语。
________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
在“Itis+一段时间+since从句”句型中,时间的计算一律从从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。
3.after在……之后
Iwilltellthemafteryouleave(youhaveleave).
Itoldthemafteryouleft/hadleft.
你能发现after之后的时态吗?
_______________________________________________________
地点状语和原因状语从句
1地点状语
引导词为_____________和_____________.请填写:
Youarefreetogo___________youlike.
Goback________youcomefrom.
Makeamark___________youhaveanyquestions.
翻译下列句子:
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway._____________________________________
Whereverthereissmoke,thereisafire.______________________________________
以上两句where从句表示抽象含义,从句必须放在主句之前。
注意区分where引导的状语从句和定语从句
题组训练,判断下列各句中包括什么从句:
Gobacktotheplacewhereyoucomefrom.()
ThisistheshopwhereIboughtmybike.()
Gobackwhereyoucomefrom..()
Makeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.()
总结:
你是根据什么作出判断的?
____________________________________________________________________
2.原因状语从句
引导词:
because,as,since,nowthat,每个连词的含义不尽相同,观察例句总结用法:
------Whywereyouabsentfromthemeeting?
------BecauseIwasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.
Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass.
Sinceyouarebusy,youdon’thavetogo.
总结:
because表示___________________,用来回答______提出的问题;as和since表示_________________,as可以翻译成_________,since翻译成___________;as的位置可以在主句前或者后,而since,nowthat只能在主句_________.
此外,for,并列连词,也可表示原因,起补充说明的作用。
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.
.目的状语从句和结果状语从句
目的状语从句的引导词有从属连词___________________________________________
Iwillspeakslowly____________youcanunderstandme.
___________wemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.
在口语中,sothat引导从句时,_________可以省略。
Wewillseatnearthefrontso(that)wecanhearmoreclearly.
Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetree_________________hisfather(should)seehim.
forfearthat,incase,lest引导目的状语从句,谓语动词可以使用should+动词原形。
引导结果状语从句的引导词有_______________________________________________,
观察例句,概括结构:
Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.
Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.
Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark.
Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.
________________________________________________________________________
当so或such置于句首时,主要倒装语序。
Socleverastudent______________thathewasabletoworkoutthedifficultproblem.
题组训练:
用so或such填空
Itissurprisingthat__________littlewormseat______manygrains.
Heis________smartaboythatIlikehimverymuch.
Canyoubelievethatin______arichcountrythereshouldbe________manypoorpeople?
思考:
such…as结构中,as引导的是什么从句?
观察下面的句子并作出回答:
Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Pleasesendsuchonesasyouhavetomorrow.
比较such…that并得出结论:
________________________________________________________________
.条件状语和方式状语从句
条件状语从句
从属连词_______________________________________________________引导条件状语。
Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.
Youwillfailtheexam_______you__________studyhard.
________________youdon’tloseheart,youwillsucceed.
当if从句的条件不是真实的或难以实现的条件时,要用__________________.
IfI__________(know)hisaddress,I___________(tell)you.
Ifyou_______________(come)hereyesterday,you_______________(see)her.
Ifit___________________________(rain)tomorrow,I__________(stay)athome.
条件状语从句中也可以省略
Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.
Hehasnomoney.If(thereis)any,hewillgiveyousome.
Weallknowthat,if(itis)notcarefullydealtwith,thesit