高考英语重点试题辽宁卷.docx

高考英语重点试题辽宁卷.docx

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高考英语重点试题辽宁卷

2019年高考英语重点试题（辽宁卷）

英语

本卷须知

1.本试卷分第I卷〔选择题〕和第II卷〔非选择题〕两部分。

2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。

3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。

第I卷

第一部分听力〔共两节，总分值30分〕〔略〕

第二部分阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕

第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分〕

阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Oneafternoonlastweek,Isawthreetearfulchildrenfrommyson'sschoolbeingcomfortedbyteachers.Thatmorning,my11yearoldhadstomachpains,retching（干呕）intoabowl.Talkingtoothermotherslater,Iheardaboutotherchildrenwithstomachacheordifficultysleepingthenightbefore.

Whatcausedsomuchpain?

Sportsday.Sportsdaymightbenecessaryatahighlycompetitiveindependentschool,butnotatavillageprimaryschool.Forthechildrenwhocanflylikethewind,sportsdaycausesnoproblem.Forthosewhoareoverweightorjustnotgoodatsport,itisanightmare（噩梦）.Evenforthosewhoenjoyrunningbutfallhalfwaydownthetrackinfrontoftheentireschoolandtheirparents，itcanproveadisaster.

Whydoweputourchildrenthroughthisannualsuffering?

Somemaysaycompetitionischaracterbuilding；orit'stakingpart,notwinning,that'simportant；orthatitisatraditionofschoollife.Ijustfeltgreatpityforthosechildrenintearsorinpain.

Teamgamesattheendofsportsdayproducedsomecloseraces,wildenthusiasm,lotsofshouting—andwerefuntowatch.Moreimportantly,thechildrenwhowerenotsofastorquickatpassingtheballwerehiddenalittlefromeveryone'seyes.Someofthemalsohadthethrillofbeingonthewinningside.

Iwishthatsportsdaycouldbeabandonedandreplacedwithsomeotherlesscompetitiveevent.Perhapsanafternoonofteamgames,withafewracesforthosewhowantthem,wouldbelessstressfulforthechildrenandalotmorefuntowatch.

21、Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor'ssonfromParagraph1?

A、Hetalkedwithsomemothers.B、Hecomfortedhisclassmates.

C、Hehaddifficultyinsleeping.D、Hesufferedfromstomachache.

22、Sportsdayisstillanannualeventinthisschoolprobablybecause__________.

A、thisisanindependentschoolB、itisatraditionoftheschool

C、ithelpschildrenloseweightD、childrenenjoywatchingsports

23、Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutteamgames?

A、Theyshouldincludemorestressfulraces.

B、Theyareacceptabletodifferentchildren.

C、Theyshouldbeabandonedatprimaryschools.

D、Theyarelessfunforthosewholoverunning.

24、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardssportsday?

A、Critical.B、Neutral.

C、Positive.D、Ambiguous.

B

MOOCs,shortfor“massiveopenonlinecourses，”markanimportant,possiblyrevolutionary,developmentineducation.Thesecoursesareonline,freeofcharge,andopentoanyoneintheworldwhohasalaptopandanInternetconnection.Moreover,theyaremainlyofferedbygreatuniversitieslikeStanford,Berkeley,HarvardandColumbia.

Thecoursesarearrangedaccordingtohowdifficulttheyare,enablingstudentstoprogressfrombeginnerstotheadvanced.Thecoursescovernotonlyabroadrangeofsciencesubjectssuchasmathandcomputerscience,butalsocoursesinsocialsciencesandhumanities.ThoughMOOCsarenotofferedforcreditanddegree,manystudentsenroll（加入）inthecoursesforrealskillsorknowledgewhichtheycanputtosomepracticaluse.

Theformat（形式）seemsbetterthanthetraditionalschoolclass.Theaveragequalityofthelecturersismuchhigher.Besides,studentscanlearnbackandforward—thatis,theycangoattheirownlearningspeed,whichtheycan'tdoinalivelecture.And,moreimportantly,theydon'thavetotravelanywheretoattendanonlinelecture.Thereisaproblemofaskingquestionsofthelecturerinaclassoftenthousandstudents,butsomeMOOCshavesolveditbyallowingstudentstopostquestionsonlineforavote,andonlythemostpopularquestionsareputtothelecturer.

Inaknowledgeage,lifelonglearningisnotconfinedtoatraditionalclassroom.StudentstakingMOOCSareusuallyveryclever,haveworkexperience,andinmanycases,havealreadydevelopedasetofpracticalskills.Moreover,theyalsoofferuniqueinternationalperspectives（远景）thatwouldbetheenvyofanyschoolclassroom.

25、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutMOOCs?

A、Theword“MOOCs”isshortfor“massiveopenonlinecampuses”、

B、AnyonewhohasacomputerandanInternetconnectioncantakeMOOCs.

C、MOOCsareusuallyofferedbyfirstclassuniversitiesintheworld.

D、MOOCsmaybeabreakthroughinthedevelopmentofeducation.

26、MOOCsseemtohaveanadvantageovertraditionalschoolclassesinthat________.

A、thereisaproblemofaskingquestionsintraditionalclasses

B、studentsenrollinginMOOCscangetcreditanddegreeeasily

C、studentscanlearnattheirownstudypace

D、studentscantraveltomanyplaceswhentakingMOOCs

27、Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“confined”means________.

A、extendedB、developed

C、limitedD、advanced

C

Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadlytheabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasaneverlastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans'needforwood,whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.

In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.

28.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons________.

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

29.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons'________.

A.escapeB.ruin

C.liberationD.evolution

30.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.

C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.

31.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.

D

Whendifferentspeciesofbirdsflock（聚集）together,theirflightformationsaredeterminedbysocialdynamicsbothbetweenandwithinspecies.

NewresearchfromtheUniversitiesofCambridgeandExeterrevealsforthefirsttimethat,contrarytocurrentmodelsusedtoexplainthemovementofflocks,thedifferencesbetweenbirdspeciesandsocialrelationshipsbetweenindividualsplayacriticalroleindeterminingthedynamicsofmixedspeciesflocks.

Theunified（群集）behaviourofbirdflockshaspuzzledscientistsforhundredsofyears.Onenaturalistfromtheturnofthecenturyevensuggestedtelepathy（心灵感应）maybeinvolved.Therehavesincebeenmorelogicalexplanations,includingmathematicalmodelsthatshowthatrepeatedinteractionsamongindividualsfollowingsimplerulescangeneratecoordinated（协同的）groupmovements.However,thesemodelsusuallyrelyontheassumptionthatindividualswithingroupsareidenticalandinteractindependently,whichmaynotreflectreality.

JolleJolles,aPhDstudentattheUniversityofCambridge'sDepartmentofZoologyandauthorofthepaper,said：

“Spectacularcollectivebehaviourcanbefoundinalargerangeofanimalspecies,andwenowknowthatoftenthesecomplexcoordinatedgroupmovementsmaybetheresultofindividualsfollowingsimplerules.However,rarelyaretheindividualcharacteristicsandsocialrelationshipswithinthemtakenintoaccount.Ourresearchhighlightsthatthesestrikingdisplaysofgroupbehaviouraremuchmorecomplex.”

Byanalysinghighresolutionphotographsofmixedflocksofrooksandjackdaws（bothfromthecorvidfamily）,theresearchersfoundthatratherthanindividualsinteractinginaconsistentfashionthroughouttheflock,interactionsdependedonsocialdynamicsbetweenthedifferentspeciesaswellasrelationshipswithinaspecies.

Theresearchersdiscoveredthatbirdsprefertoflyclosetomembersoftheirownspecies,andthatthelargerandmoredominantrookstaketheleadbyflyingnearthefrontofflocks.Additionally,thelifelong,monogamous（一妻一夫制的）pairbondsthatarecharacteristicofbothspeciesseemtobereflectedinflight,asbirdsoftenflyparticularlyclosetoasingle,samespeciespartner.

DrAlexThornton,principalinvestigatoroftheCambridgeJackdawProject,nowattheUniversityofExeterandauthorofthepaper,said“Together,ourfindingsdemonstratethattounderstandthestructureofgroups，suchasbirdflocks，weneedtoconsiderthecharacteristicsandrelationshipsoftheindividualswithinthem.”

32.Theunderlinedword“generate”means________.

A、setdownB、takeaway

C、bringaboutD、giveup

33、AccordingtoJolleJolles,whatareseldomconsideredaboutcoordinatedgroupmovement?

A、Individualcharacteristicsandsocialrelationshipbetweenthem.

B、Repeatedinteractionsamongindividualsandsocialdynamics.

C、Telepathyandsocialrelationshipbetweenthem.

D、Thestructureofgroupsandthevarietiesofspecies.

34、Birdsmayprefertoflytheclosestto________.

A、thelargestoneB、themostdynamicone

C、thelifelongpartnerD、thefriendlypartner

35、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、Howbirdsinteractinsimplerules.

B、Howbirdsofdifferentfeathersflocktogether.

C、Whybirdsshowpreferencetoflocking.

D、Whybirdsdisplaythecharacteristics.

第二节〔共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分〕

依照短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whatdoyou,thetrees,andabirdhaveincommon?

__36__Alllivingthingsmusthavewatertosurvive,whethertheygetitfromawaterfountain,araincloud,oralittlebottleattachedtothesideofabirdcage.

__37__Watermakesupmorethanhalfofyourbodyweightandapersoncan'tsurviveformorethanafewdayswithoutit.Why?

Yourbodyhaslotsofimportantjobsanditneedswatertodomanyofthem.Forinstance,yourblood,whichcontainsalotofwater,carriesoxygentoallthecellsofyourbody.Withoutoxygen,thosetinycellswoulddieandyourbodywouldstopworking.

Waterisalsoinlymph,afluid（流体）thatispartofyourimmunesystem,whichhelpsyoufightoffillness.__38__Waterisneededfordigestivejuices,urine,andpoop.Andy