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考研英语真题英语一真题完整版
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）
Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourth
cousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_
（1）_astudy,publishedfrom
theUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has__
（2）_.
Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_（3）__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__（4）__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_（5）_.
While
1%mayseem_（6）_,it
is
not
sotoageneticist.
AsJamesFowler,
professor
of
medicalgenetics
at
UCSanDiego,
says,“Mostpeople
donot
even_（7）_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriends
thepeoplewho_（8）_ourkin.
”
Thestudy_（9）_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingshared
infriends
butnotgenesfor
immunity.Whythis
similarity
existsin
smell
genesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,_（10）_,astheteamsuggests,it
drawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_（11）_it.Therecould
bemanymechanismsworking
together
that_（12）_us
inchoosing
genetically
similarfriends_（13）_”functional
Kinship”ofbeingfriends
with_（14）_!
Oneof
theremarkablefindings
ofthestudywasthesimilar
genesseem
tobeevolution_（15）_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_（16）_why
humanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocial
environmentbeingamajor_（17）_factor.
Thefindingsdonotsimplyexp
lainpeople’s_（18）_tobefriendthose
ofsimilar_（19）_backgrounds,
saytheresearchers.
Thoughall
thesubjects
weredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastaken
to_（20）_that
allsubjects,
friends
andstrangers,
weretakenfromthesame
population.
1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what
2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised
3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by
4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected
5.[A]tests[B]s[C]samples[D]examples
6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D]incredible
7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know
8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass
9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus
10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps
11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like
12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit
13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith
14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits
15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier
16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express
17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive
18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency
19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic
20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtext
bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,dareintheirsleep.”Butembarrassingscandalsandthepopularity
they
ofthe
republicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?
Doesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallfor
allEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?
TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.
Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingthe
endoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.
Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplains
monarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.
Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicof
national
unity
asthey
claim
tobe,
their
very
history—andsometimesthe
waythey
behavetoday–embodiesoutdated
andindefensible
privileges
and
inequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsare
warningofrising
inequality
andthe
increasing
powerof
inherited
wealth,
itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethe
symbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.
Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheirold
aristocratic
ways.Princesandprincesses
haveday-jobs
andride
bicycles,
not
horses（or
helicopters）.
Evenso,thesearewealthy
families
whoparty
with
the
international
1%,andmediaintrusiveness
makesit
increasingly
difficulttomaintaintherightimage.
WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurvive
for
sometime
tocome,itis
theBritishroyals
whohavemostto
fear
from
theSpanishexample.
Itis
only
the
Queenwhohaspreserved
the
monarchy’sreputation
with
herratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.Thedangerwillcome
withCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandapretty
hierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthat
monarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice
–as
non-controversial
andnon-political
headsofstate.
Charlesoughtto
know
thatasEnglishhistory
shows,itis
kings,notrepublicans,whoarethe
monarchy’sworstenemies.
21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain
[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport
[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals
[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment
22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly
[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus
[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality
[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto
[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment
23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph
4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth
[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies
[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies
[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges
24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues
[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies
[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole
25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?
[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined
[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone
[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreatsTEXT2
JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?
TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontents
ofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.
California
hasaskedthejustices
to
refrain
fromasweepingruling,
particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmay
searchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.
Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsof
newandrapidlychangingtechnologies.
ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia
’s
advice.
Enoughofthe
implications
arediscernable,
evenobvious,
sothat
thejustice
canandshould
provide
updatedguidelines
to
police,
lawyers
anddefendants.
TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia
’slameargumentthat
exploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigital
information
is
similar
tosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourt
hasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygo
through
the
wallet
or
porcketbook,
of
anarrestee
without
awarrant.
But
exploringone
’ssmartphoneismorelikeenter
inghisorherhome.A
smartphonemaycontain
anarrestee
’sreadinghistory
financial
history,
medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.The
developmentof
“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethat
exploration
somuchtheeasier.
Butthe
justices
shouldnotswallow
California
’sargumentwhole.
New,
disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsofthe
Constitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparesthe
explosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcentury
withtheestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflife
inthe
20th:
Thejustices
hadtospecify
novelrules
forthe
newpersonal
domainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.
26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto
[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.
[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.
[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.
[D]pro
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