新理念50英语学习大厅综合教程第三册Unit4.docx
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新理念50英语学习大厅综合教程第三册Unit4
综合教程部分
第一单元：
卷A
全新版第二版综合B3U4-A
PartIListeningComprehension（14minutes）
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillheartenstatements.Numbers1to6arebasedonTextAwhiletherestarebasedonTextB.EachstatementwillbereadONLYONCE.Listencarefullyanddecidewhethereachstatementistrueorfalse.
1.
A）T
B）F
Script:
In1905,attheageof26andfiveyearsbeforehewasabletogetajobasaprofessorofphysics,Einsteinpublishedfiveofthemostimportantpapersinthehistoryofscience—allwritteninhis"sparetime".
正确答案：
B
2.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Einsteinprovedthatatomsandmoleculesexisted.
正确答案：
A
3.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Einsteinarguedthatlightcameinlittlebits（latercalled“photons”）andthuslaidthefoundationforquantummechanics.
正确答案：
A
4.
A）T
B）F
Script:
BeforeEinstein,thelastscientistwhohadsuchacreativeoutburstwasSirIsaacNewton.
正确答案：
A
5.
A）T
B）F
Script:
TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008“TheWorldYearofPhysics”tocelebratethe100thanniversaryofEinstein’s“miracleyear”.
正确答案：
B
6.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Einstein’sbrainlookedquitedifferent.
正确答案：
B
7.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Einsteinisrememberednotjustasascientificgenius,butalsofromtalesofhiswarmpersonality,simpletastesandsomewhateccentrichabits.
正确答案：
A
8.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Einsteinwasslowinlearninghowtotalk.
正确答案：
A
9.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Bytheageof17,Einsteinalreadyhadapredilectionforsolvingcomplicatedproblemsinappliedarithmetic.
正确答案：
B
10.
A）T
B）F
Script:
Anuncle,JakobEinstein,anengineer,introducedEinsteintothejoysofalgebra.
正确答案：
A
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsonhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocold（11）_________________,affectmotivationand（12）_________________.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheir（13）_________________,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitive（14）_________________,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,（15）_________________thatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceon（16）_________________andgiftsfromothers.The（17）_________________viewhasgainedmanysupportersespeciallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseof（18）_________________sparkscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology."Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,"saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreating（19）_________________forrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechangingproblemsandreceive（20）_________________towardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.
Script:
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsonhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupportersespeciallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology."Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,"saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechangingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.
正确答案：
cash
正确答案：
creativity
正确答案：
consequences
正确答案：
researchers
正确答案：
maintain
正确答案：
approval
正确答案：
latter
正确答案：
smallmonetaryrewards
正确答案：
toomuchanticipation
正确答案：
performance-basedpoints
PartIIReadingComprehension（25minutes）
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
AlbertEinsteinwas21.Forthethirdnightinarow,hisbabysonHans,crying,keptthehousehold22untildawn.WhenAlbertfinally23,itwastimetogetupandgotowork.Hecouldn't24aday.Heneededthejobtosupporthisyoungfamily.Walking25tothePatentOffice,wherehewasa"TechnicalExpert,ThirdClass,"Albertworriedabouthismother.Shewasgettingolderand26,andshedidn't27hismarriagetoMileva.Relationswere28.Albert29apassingshopwindow.Hishairwasamess;hehadforgottentocombitagain.Work.Family.30.Albertfeltallthepressureandresponsibilityofanyyounghusbandandfather.
A）exhaustedB）disdainC）awakeD）dozedoff
E）skipF）brisklyG）passionatelyH）frail
I）baffleJ）approveofK）glancedatL）intuition
M）stimulateN）MakingendsmeetO）strained
21.______________________
正确答案：
A
22.______________________
正确答案：
C
23.______________________
正确答案：
D
24.______________________
正确答案：
E
25.______________________
正确答案：
F
26.______________________
正确答案：
H
27.______________________
正确答案：
J
28.______________________
正确答案：
O
29.______________________
正确答案：
K
30.______________________
正确答案：
N
SectionB
Directions:
Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.
PassageOne
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelephonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.
Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthe19thcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy."Giveitback,"saysomeofthevoices,"Itdoesn'treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesn'twork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman."
Theprincipaldiscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.
JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseemedsimpleandclear:
thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday’simagining.
Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseorthe
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