全国21年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题.docx

全国21年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题.docx

《全国21年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国21年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

全国21年高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题

第一部分选择题

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

8.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+last name,_______,andkinterm. 

A.title+firstnameB.title+title 

C.titlealoneD.firstname+lastname+title 

9.Languageandthoughtmaybeviewedastwoindependentcirclesoverlappinginsomeparts.When anguageandthoughtareidenticalorcloselyparalleltoeachother,wemayregardthoughtas"subvocal speech,"andspeechas"_______".（） 

A.vocalthoughtB.subvocalthought 

C.covertthoughtD.overtthought 

10.Whcihofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?

_______.（） 

A.Languageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformation 

B.Languageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeings 

C.Childrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguage 

D.Humansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuse 

第二部分非选择题

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。

） 

11.Inthecourseoftime,thestudyoflanguagehascometoestablishcloselinkswithotherbranchesof s________studies,suchassociologyandpsychology. 

12.Clear［1］anddark［1］areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/1/.Theynevertakethesameposition insoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc________distribution. 

13.Ar________isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear, definitemeaning. 

14.Ac________sentencecontainstwoormoreclauses,oneofwhichisincorporatedintheother. 

15.Thatthedenialofonememberoftwowordsimpliestheassertionoftheotheristhecharacteristicof c________antonyms. 

16.Whilethemeaningofasentenceisabstractanddecontextualized,thatofanu________isconcreteand context-dependent. 

17.Phonologicalrulesmaymovephonemesfromoneplaceinthestringtoanother.Forexample,Modern EnglishverbaskwasOldEnglishaskian,withthe/k/precedingthe/s/.Soundchangeasaresultof soundmovementisknownasm________. 

18.Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asa 

characteristicofsocieties,b________inevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewith differentculturesanddifferentlanguages. 

19.Thebrain’sneurologicalspecializationforlanguageiscalledlinguisticI________,whichisspecificto humanbeings. 

20.Inordertoacquireasecondlanguage,learnerswillsubconsciouslyusetheirfirstlanguageknowledgein learningasecondlanguage.Thisisknowaslanguaget________. 

三、判断说明题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。

）判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T”，误者在括号内写“F”，并说明理由。

（）21.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform. 

（）22.InEnglish,longvowelsarealsotensevowelsbecausewhenwepronouncealongvowelsuch as/i:

/,thelarynxisinastateoftension. 

（）23.Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords. 

（）24.“Thestudent”inthesentence“Thestudentlikedthelinguisticlecture.”,and“Thelinguistic lecture”inthesentence“Thelinguisticlecturelikedthestudent.”belongtothesamesyntactic category. 

（）25.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations whilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense. 

（）26.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlike entailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginal presuppositionisstilltrue. 

（）27.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishis nonconventionalandnotarbitrary. 

（）28.Languagereflectssexisminsociety.Languageitselfisnotsexist,justasitisnotobscene;butit canconnotesexistattitudesaswellasattitudesaboutsocialtaboosorracism. 

（）29.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguage successfullylateron. 

（）30.Whenchildrenlearntodistinguishbetweenthesoundsoftheirlanguageandthesoundsthatare notpartofthelanguage,theycanacquireanysoundsintheirnativelanguageoncetheirparents teachthem. 

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。

） 

31.culturaltransmission（asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage） 

32.phonicmediumoflanguage 

33.voicing 

34.inflectionalmorphemes 

35.reference 

36.locutionaryact 

37.protolanguage 

38.ethnicdialect 

39.registers 

40.acculturation 

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。

） 

41.Whydowesaytreediagramsaremoreadvantageousandinformativethanlinearstructureinanalyzing theconstituentrelationshipamonglinguisticelements?

Supportyourstatementwithexamples. 

42.Describetheprocessoflanguageperception,comprehensionandproduction.：

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题参考答案

课程代码：

00830

一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 

 1.A2.A3.B4.C5.D 

6.A7.B8.C9.D10.A 

二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 

11.socialplementary 

13.rootplex 

plementary16.utterance 

17.metathesis18.bilingualism 

19.lateralization20.transfer 

三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 

 21.F

Thecontraryistrue.Thewritingsystemisalwaysalaterinvention. 

22.T 

23.F 

Somecompoundscontainmorethantwowords. 

24.T 

25.F 

Itisfalsebecauselinguisticformswiththesamereferencemightdifferinsense.Acaseinpointis thetwoexpressions"morningstar"and"eveningstar."Theyrefertothesamestarbutdifferin sense. 

26.T 

27.F 

ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisconventionaland somewhatarbitrary.

 28.T 

29.T 

30.F 

Childrenfirstacquirethesoundsfoundinalllanguagesoftheworld,nomatterwhatlanguagethey areexposedto,andinlaterstagesacquirethe"moredifficult"sounds. 

四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分） 

33.Voicingisaphoneticfeatureofsomesounds.Itiscausedbythevibrationofthevocalcords. 

34.Inflectionalmorphemesaremorphemesthatareusedtoindicatethegrammatrcalrelationsand categories,suchas-ed,-（e）s,-estinEnglish. 

35.Referenceiswhatalinguisticformreferstointherealworld;itisamatteroftherelationship betweentheformandthereality.Forexample,ifwesay,"Thedogisbarking,"wemustbetalking aboutacertaindogknowntoboththespeakerandthehearerinthesituation.Theactualdogthe word"dog"referstointhisparticularsituationisthereferenceoftheword"dog". 

36.Locutionaryactreferstotheactofutteringwords,phrases,andclauses.Itistheactofconveying literalmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Forexample,bysaying"Youhaveleft thedoorwideopen",thelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewords andexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean. 

37.Aprotolanguageistheoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.Theprotoform canbereconstructedbyidentifyingandcomparingsimilarlinguisticformswithsimilarmeanings acrossrelatedlanguages. 

38.Anethnicdialectisasocialdialectofalanguage,oftencuttingacrossregionaldifferences.Itis spokenmainlybyalessprivilegedpopulationthathasexperiencedsomeformofsocialisolation, suchasracialdiscriminationorsegregation. 

39.Registersarelanguagevarietiesappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations,incontrastto languagevarietiesthatareassociatedwiththesocialorregionalgroupingoftheircustomaryusers. Forthisreason,registersarealsoknownassituationaldialects. 

40.Acculturationreferstoaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguage community. 

五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分） 

41.Inadditiontorevealingalinearorder,aconstituentstructuretreehasahierarchicalstructurethat groupswordsintostructuralconstituentsandshowsthesyntacticcategoryofeachstructural constituent,andconsequentlyisbelievedtomosttruthfullyillustrateconstituenrelationship amonglinguisticelements. 

Theoldmenandthewomentheoldmenandtheoldwomen 

42.Fromtheperspectiveofpsycholinguisticanalysis,languageuseintermsof perception,comprehensionandproductionfollowsacertainpatternwhichinvolvesthecoordination ofvariouslanguagecenters. 

 Whenwespeak,wordsaredrawnfromWernicke’sareaandtransferredtoBroca’sarea,which determinesthedetailsoftheirformandpronunciation.Theappropriateinstructionsarethensentto hemotorareawhichcontrolsthevocaltracttophysicallyarticulatethewords. Whenwehearsomethingandtrytocomprehendit,thestimulusfromtheauditorycortexis transmittedtoWernicke’sarea,whereitistheninterpreted. Whenweperceiveavisualimage,amessageissenttotheangulargyrus,whereitisconverted intoavisualpattern.

2005年10月自考《英语写作》试卷+答案（0603）

I.FillinthefollowingblanksaccordingtowhatyouhavelearnedinAdvancedCollegeComposition.（20%）

1.    Beforewritingacomposition,astudentwritermustkeepthesepointsin

mind:

__________thefirstlineofeachparagraph,leavingaspaceof4or5

letters;writeon______________,leavingenoughspaceforcorrection;and

leaveonespaceafterany____________.

2.Inthetitleofacomposition,theinitialletterofeachwordmustbecapitalizedexcept__________,________________,and_____________,suchasand,or,but,forandthetoinfinitives.

3.Tomakeiteasyforthereadertofollowyournarration,the__________and

__________oftheeventsareusuallygivenat