全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析
ModifiedbyJACKontheafternoonofDecember26,2020
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)试题及答案解析
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1
thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2
.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.3
amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4
ofgoodhealth.
Ofevengreater5
isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined6
bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI7
bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,8
canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.
Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9
theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10
otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11
.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12
asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13
BMI.
Todaywehavea(an)14
tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes15
inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes16
withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.17
veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.
Negativeattitudestowardobesity,18
inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity19
.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign20
childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.
1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured
2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome
3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore
4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example
5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern
6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof
7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies
8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart
9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward
10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless
11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste
12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay
13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant
14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency
15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored
16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only
18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded
19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies
20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
①Whatwouldyoudowith$590m
②ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.③Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,shecoulddoworsethanread“HappyMoney”byElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.
①Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehaviouralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.②Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.③Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.④Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.⑤Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.⑥Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.
①Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangforyourbuck.”②Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).③Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.④ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald’srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.
①Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.②Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.③Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.④Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.⑤Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.
21.AccordingtoDunnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?
[A]Abighouse.
[B]Aspecialtour.
[C]Astylishcar.
[D]Arichmeal.
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis__________.
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat__________.
[A]consumersaresometimesirrational
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective
[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure
24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,“HappyMoney”__________.
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism
[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus
[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement
25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto__________.
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney
[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent
[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries
Text2
①AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.②Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoachievethis.③Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.
①Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.②Webecomedefensivewhencriticised,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.③Westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.
①PsychologistandbehaviouralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.②Ratherthanhavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.③Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.④Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage—whichmostdid—theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.
①Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.②Norwasthereanyevidencethatthosewhoself-enhancethemost(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.③Infact,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.④“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,”saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves.”⑤Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.
①KnowingtheresultsofEpley’sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeoplehatephotographsofthemselvessoviscerally—ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves.②Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.③It’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-Madisonuniversity,buttheyportrayanidealisedversionofthemselves.
26.Accordingtoth