呼吸内科常用英语全.docx
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呼吸内科常用英语全
询问病史12casehistory
Youneedtogetadetailedhistoryincludingthetimingandacuityofonset,exacerbatingandalleviatingfactorsandenvironmenttriggerstohelpyouconfirmadiagnosisordiscardotherdiseases/developadifferentialdiagnosis.Askyourpatientwhetherthereisahistoryoftobaccouse,orothertoxicandenvironmentalexposuresandhisoccupationalhistory.
General/biographical[,bai?
u'ɡr?
fik,-k?
l]data传记,marital婚姻status,nativity出生,occupation,informant提供消息的人,timeofadmissionandrecord,chiefcomplaint,historyofpresentillness,previoushealthstatus（well,ordinaryorbad）,anyinfectiousdiseases,allergichistory,historyoftraumaorsurgery,smoking（abouthowmanyyears,averagehowmanypiecesperday,ceasedforhowmanyyears）,alcoholintake（occasionalorfrequent）,spouse’s[spaus]配偶healthstatus,menorrhea[,men?
'ri:
?
]月经（menarche[me'nɑ:
ki:
m?
-]初潮age,cyclelastingforhowmanydays,menstrualcycle,lastmenstruationperiodorageofmenopause,anymenstrual['menstru?
l]月经周期painorirregularcycle）,childbearingorpregnancy（times,naturallabor,abortions流产,premature[,prem?
'tju?
,pri:
-]delivery早产,stillbirths死产,difficultlabor,familyhistory（anycongenital先天性diseases,fatherandmother:
stillalive,illness,orcauseofdeath,siblings兄弟姐妹andchildren）
常用的症状symptoms
fever
Cough咳嗽
Sputum（dry,purulent['pju?
rjul?
nt]脓性的,copious['k?
upi?
s]greensputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[ti'nei?
?
s,t?
-]yellowsputum黄粘痰，frothywhitesputum白色泡沫痰，rustysputum铁锈色痰
wheezing
Dyspneaduringexertion[iɡ'z?
:
?
?
n]oratrest呼吸困难
Orthopnea[?
:
'θ?
pni?
]端坐呼吸
Paroxysmal[,p?
r?
k'sizm?
l]nocturnal[n?
k't?
:
n?
l]dyspnea夜间阵发性呼吸困难
Shortnessofbreath（SOB）
Chesttightness胸部紧迫感
Exerciseintolerance
pleuriticchestpain胸膜型胸痛
Pharyngalgia[f?
rin'g?
ld?
i?
];pharyngodynia[,f?
ri?
'ɡ?
dini?
]咽痛
Hemoptysis咯血
Bucking呛咳
Sneeze喷嚏
snore打鼾
malaise[m?
'leiz]不舒服
myalgia[mai'?
ld?
i?
]肌痛
insomnia[in's?
mni?
]失眠
hoarseness声嘶
dysphonia[dis'f?
uni?
]发声困难
常见的体征physicalsigns
clubbedfingers杵状指:
increasedlongitudinal[,l?
nd?
i'tju:
din?
l]andtransverse横向curvature['k?
:
v?
t?
?
]弯曲,lossofconcave['k?
nkeiv]凹面的nailfoldangle,bogginessofnailbedandincreasedsofttissuebulkofdistalphalanx['f?
l?
?
ks,'fei-]趾骨,指骨,drumstick-like
nicotinestaining
cyanosis[,sai?
'n?
usis]发绀:
bluediscolourationofmucosalmembranesandskin,causedwhenmeancapillaryconcentrationofdeoxyhemoglobin[di:
?
ksi'hem?
u,ɡl?
ubin]去氧血红蛋白morethan5g/dl,O2saturationlessthan85%,PaO2lessthan8KPa
peripheral[p?
'rif?
r?
l]外围的,次要的cyanosis:
coldblueperipheries,e.g.nailbedsduetocoldexposures
centralcyanosis:
warmperipheries,bluetongueorlips
handflap:
duetoCO2retention潴留
asterixis扑翼样震颤
papilloedema视乳头水肿
chemosis球结膜水肿
enlargedsupraclavicula锁骨上的r[kl?
'vikjul?
]andaxillary[?
k'sil?
ri]腋窝lymphnodes
increasedrespiratoryrate
tachycardia心动过速
pulsusparadoxus:
>10mmHg↓oninspiration（seeninsevereasthma）
barrelchest
hyperexpanded,decreasedexpansion
kyphosis[kai'f?
usis]驼背，脊柱后凸
Inspection:
tachypnea[,t?
kip'ni:
?
]呼吸急促
accessorymusclesofrespiration[,resp?
'rei?
?
n]:
sternocleidomastoid['st?
:
n?
u,klaid?
'm?
st?
id]胸锁乳突肌muscle,armsupport,alaeflaring
wideornarrowintercostal[,int?
'k?
st?
l]肋间的space
tactile触觉的vocal声音的fremitus震颤触觉语颤
subcutaneouscrepitus皮下捻发感
Percussion:
resonance清音
dullness浊音
flatness实音
hyperresonance过清音
tympany/timp2ni/鼓音
lowerborders:
scapular['sk?
pjul?
]肩胛的lineXleft/rightintercostal[,int?
'k?
st?
l]肋间的space
rangeofmobility[m?
u'bil?
ti]移动
Auscultation[,?
:
sk?
l'tei?
?
n]:
听诊
vocalresonance语音共振
ronchi:
wheeze,stridor['straid?
]喘鸣,crackles['kr?
kl]发出细碎的爆裂声,Velcro-likesoundes
moistrales:
coarse粗的,medium中等的,fine好的,crepitus捻发音
pleuralfrictionrubs
completeabsenceofbreathsounds
ankleedema
weightloss，cachexia[k?
'keksi?
]恶病质，cachectic[k?
'kektik]恶病质的
decreasedfoodappetite,lossofappetite,anorexia[,?
n?
'reksi?
]食欲减退
常做的检查examinationsorlaboratoryfindings
（totake,undergo,perform,receiveorhave）
temperaturecharts体温图（takeone’sbodytemperature）
sputumpot痰盂
Blood/urine/stoolroutine,occult['?
k?
lt/bloodtest潜隐血试验
Bloodbiochemistry
Sputum/bloodcultureanddrugsensitivitytest
sputumcytology[sai't?
l?
d?
i]细胞学
Pulseoximeter[?
k'simit?
]脉氧计：
continuousmonitoringofbloodoxygensaturation
Arterialbloodgasanalysis（ABG）:
arterialbloodsampling,radial/femoral['fem?
r?
l]股骨的arterypuncture穿刺
PaCO2:
partialpressureofcarbondioxideinarterialbloodhypercarbia
PaO2:
partialpressureofoxygeninarterialbloodhypoxemia[,haip?
k'si:
mi?
]血氧不足
respiratoryfailure:
type1:
decreasedO2supply,PaO2＜60mmHg（millimetersofmercury['m?
:
kjuri]汞）
duetodiffusionfailureorV/Qdismatch（ventilation-perfusion（quotient）ratio）
pulmonaryedema,pneumonia,infarction,fibrosis,orpulmonaryembolism，pulmonaryhypertension,shunt
type2:
decreasedCO2removal,PaCO2＞50mmHg（millimetersofmercury）
duetoalveolarventilationfailure
obstructive:
COPD,asthma,bronchiectasis
restrictive:
neuromuscular[,nju?
r?
u'm?
skjul?
]神经肌肉（sedatives['s?
d?
tiv]镇静剂myasthenia[,mai?
s'θi:
ni?
]肌无力）,structural['str?
kt?
?
r?
l]结构的（ankylosingspondylitis[,?
?
ki'l?
uzi?
sp?
ndi'laitis]强直性脊柱炎）,pleuraldiseases,obesity
ChestX-ray/radiograph:
reticulo-nodularshadowing（reticular[ri'tikjul?
]网状的,linear['lini?
]线状的,militarynodules粟粒样结节）
coinlesions硬币样
cavities空腔：
amphoric['?
mf?
rik]空翁音的（breathinglikeblowingoverabottletop）
opacification[?
u,p?
sifi'kei?
?
n]浑浊：
consolidation（airspaceinfiltrate）:
confluent['k?
nflu?
nt]支流的,汇合的shadowingandairbronchogramf支气管造影
collapse:
lobar（upper,middle/lingual,lower）
segmentalatelactasis肺不张
pleuraleffusion
mediastinal[,mi:
di?
s'tain?
l]纵隔mass:
thyroid,thymoma[θai'm?
um?
]胸腺瘤,teratoma[,ter?
't?
um?
]畸胎瘤,TBlymphnodes,
terriblediagnosesincludinglymphoma[lim'f?
um?
]淋巴瘤andaneurysm动脉瘤
ChestCTscan（computedtomography）
HeadMRI（magneticresonanceimaging）
PET-CTofthewholebody（positron-emissiontomography）['p?
zitr?
n]正电子
Abdominalultrasound['?
ltr?
saund]超声
skinpricktest皮肤点刺试验（dustmites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）
tuberculinskintest（purifiedproteinderivative[di'riv?
tiv]纯蛋白衍生物（oftuberculin）test,PPDtest）
Pulmonaryfunctiontest:
Spirometry[spai'r?
mitri]呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法
obstructivelungdiseases:
airflowlimitation
FEV1/FVCFVCRVandTLCKCO
<0.7↓↑↓
restrictivelungdiseases:
decreasedlungcomplianceandsmalllungvolumes
intraparenchymal>0.75↓↓↓↓
extraparenchymalvariable↓↓↓normal
FEV1:
forcedexpiratory[iks'pai?
r?
t?
ri/volumein1second
FVC:
forcevitalcapacity
TLC:
totallungcapacity
RV:
residualvolume
KCO:
transferfactor（diffusionrate）
PEFR:
peakexpiratoryflowrate
flow-volumeloop（inspirationandexpiration[,ekspi'rei?
?
n]）
bronchoprovocation/challengetest[,pr?
v?
'kei?
?
n]支气管激发试验：
histamine['hist?
mmin]组胺ormethacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation[,inh?
'lei?
?
n]
bronchodilatation[,dail?
'tei?
?
n]支气管舒张试验:
salbutamol沙丁胺醇[s?
l'bju:
t?
m?
（:
）l]
fiberopticbronchoscopy[br?
?
'k?
sk?
pi]:
biopsy['bai,?
psi]活组织检查bronchialbrushsamplesforpathologicalexamation,bronchialwashings）
bronchoalveolarlavage（BAL）
protectedspecimenbrush（PS
transthoracic[,tr?
nsθ?
'r?
sik,]经胸廓的percutaneousneedleaspiration[,?
sp?
'rei?
?
n]吸引术
percutanousneedlebiopsyunderCTguidance（forperipheraltumours）
video-assistedthoracoscopic-guided[θ?
'r?
k?
sk?
up]胸腔镜lungbiopsy
openlungbiopsy
pleuralbiopsy
biopsyofenlargedlymphnodes
D-Dimers
electrocardiogram（ECG）心电图
echocardiogram超声心动图
V/Qisotope['ais?
ut?
up]同位素scan（ventilation/perfusionscanning）
spiral螺旋CT/MRA（MagneticResonanceAngiography[,?
nd?
i'?
ɡr?
fi]血管造影术）
pulmonaryangiography
Doppler['d?
pl?
]多普勒USSthigh[θai]大腿andpelvis['pelvis]骨盆（USS:
ultrasoundscanning）
cardiacmonitor
PSG（polysommography）
常见的病名diseases
acuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染
commoncold普通感冒
influenza流感[,influ'enz?
]
pharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgia[f?
rin'g?
ld?
i?
]咽痛
acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎
pneumonia肺炎
communityacquiredpneumonia（CAP）社区获得性肺炎
hospitalacquiredpneumonia（HAP）医院获得性肺炎
nosocomicalpneumonia（NP）医院内肺炎
bronchiectasis支气管扩张
chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎
pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿
chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（acuteexacerbating）AECOPDCOPD急性发作
bronchialasthma支气管哮喘
allergicrhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎
respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭
lungabscess肺脓肿
pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病
lungcancer:
肺癌
primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌
squamous['skweim?
s]cellcarcinoma鳞癌
adenocarcinoma腺癌['?
d?
n?
u,kɑ:
si'n?
um?
]
bronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌
smallcelllungcarcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌
pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤[m?
't?
st?
sis]
pulmonaryembolism（PE）肺栓塞
pulmonarythromboembolism（PTE）肺血栓栓塞症[,θr?
mb?
u'emb?
liz?
m]
pulmonaryinfarction肺梗死
deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成
empyema脓胸[,empai'i:
m?
]
pneumothorax气胸
pyopneumothorax脓气胸['pai?
u,nju:
m?
u'θ?
:
r?
ks]
chronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病['s?
pju?
r?
tiv,-reitiv]
congenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病[,sai?
'n?
tik]
corpulmonale肺源性心脏病['k?
:
pum?
'n?
li]
pulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压
pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病[en,sef?
'l?
p?
θi]
rightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭
pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病
interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病
idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化[,idi?
'p?
θik]
cryptogenic[,kript?
u'd?
enik]隐源性的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎
connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病
systemiclupus['lju:
p?
s]狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮
rheumatoidarthritis,RA类风湿性关节炎
system
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