高中英语介词讲义.docx
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高中英语介词讲义
高中英语语法——介词
一.常见高频介词的用法：
1.against
（1.）表示方位：
“逆；靠着，倚靠；碰着，撞击”
Birdsflyslowly__________thewind.
Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback_____________abigtree.
Heoftenstands___________thefenceandtalksendlesslywithmyfatheraboutgardening.
Thegirlwasleaning___________thewallwithherarmsfolded.
（2.）表示态度：
“反对；对着；违背”
Theygotmarried____________herparents’wishes.
Scientistsareracing_____________timeinordertofindacureforcancerassoonaspossible.
Theinventionofartificalheartsmarkedaturningpointinthebattle___________heartdisease.
Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembersare____________it.
（3.）表示对比：
“以……为背景；衬托，相应”：
Theskier’sredclothesstoodoutclearly__________thesnow.
Beforeselectingthecurtainforyournewly-decoratedhouse,it’smoreimportanttoknowwhatcolorslookgreat___________thewallpaper.
Flowerslookbetter___________greenleaves.
（4.）“防备；对抗”：
Wewillbecompeting__________thebestcompaniesinEurope.
Someanimalsstorefood___________thewinter.
Theydon’tbelieveitsgoalistodefend____________possiblemissileattacksfromroguecountries.
2.as
（1.）“作为；当作”
Ifeelthatoneofmyduties__________ateacheristohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.
NewYorkCity,alsoknown___________BigApple,becomesoneoftheworld’sgreatbusinessandculturalcenters.
__________aneight year oldboy,Ispentmostofthatafternoonsittingintheshadewhiletheysweatedinthesunshine.
（2.）习惯用语：
asfor;asto至于；关于
_________forme,Idon’tmindgoingtherebytrain.
_________fortheselectionofbusinessmedia,wouldyouliketosharesomethoughtswithus?
3.at
（1.）表示“处于...状态”
Europewas_________peaceforthefirsttimeintenyearsafterthewars.Afteraratherhardtime,peoplecouldlive________atlast.（注意：
inpeace“平静地、安静地”=peacefully;atpeace处于和平状态）
Thetwocountriesare_________war.
（2.）表示“在...时刻、钟点、岁”
Childrenbeginschooling___________theageoffive.
Thetwobrothersdecidedtoleave_________midnight,fortheyhadmanymilestocover.
Theadvertisementsaidthatasuitablehouseinaquietareawasupforsale___________areasonableprice
（3.）表示速度、价格、比率:
“以...”
Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowing_________asurprisingrate.
Garymusthavedriven_________thespeedof80milesanhourjustnow,forwhichhewasgivenaticketbyapoliceman.
（4.）表示目标、方向:
“对、向、朝”，这类动词有：
laugh,come,aim,point
Heaimed_______thetarget.
Istared__________everythingasifIwerelookingforthefirsttime.
Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshottheirarrows________thebird.
（5.）表示“应...请求、号召、邀请”
WecametoBeijing_________theinvitationofmygoodfriendwhohasbeenwoekinghereforthreeyears.
（6.）习惯用语：
“at+名词短语”：
表示“一...就...”
atthesightof...一看见...就...atthesoundof...一听到...就...atthethought/ideaof...一想起...就...
atthenewsof...一得到...的消息,就...
Thegirlcried_________thesightofhermother.
Theterribleking’swishwasthatallthepeoplewouldshakeinfear_________thesoundofhisorder.
Peopleinlovewitheachothermayfeelemptyandsick___________thethoughtofnotbeingtogether.
4.beyond
（1.）表示程度:
“超出，非……所能及”
Tobeacknowledgedasthefirsttoreceivethishonoris_____________expressioninwordsforme.
YoureallyneedtopayavisittoShanghaisinceyouhaven’tbeenthereforyears,andyouwillfindchangesthereare_____________imagination.
Wemustreadnotonlybetweenthelines,butsometimes__________thelinessothatwecanfullyunderstandthewriter.
（2.）表示时间:
“过了，比...晚，迟于……”
Hedelayedthematter________thefixedtime.
Hecamehome__________theusualtime.
（3.）表示位置：
“在……另一边，在……更远处”
Thewoodsgoforabouttwomiles___________theriver.这片森林伸展到河那边大约两英里。
Thesmallvilliageis20miles_________thetown.那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
5.by
（1.）表示方法、手段：
“靠、用、通过”
Youcanreservetickets__________phone.你可以通过电话订票。
Hemakesaliving_________sellingnewspapers.
Thiskindofworkisdone_______hand/machine.这种工作是手工/机器做的。
——Whatdoyoumean__________saying“theboyisovergrowing?
”
——Imeanthatheistall_______hisage.
（2.）表示标准、度量、数量:
根据,按照,以……计算,常用结构“by＋the＋计量名词或by＋un.（weight/length/width/depth/volume）”
Parcelpostischarged_________weightandmileage,withoutreferencetocontents.包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。
Meatissold________thepound.Theyarepaid_________thehour.
（3.）“经过、经由”
Ifyoureallyhavetoleaveduringthemeeting,you’dbetterleave___________thebackdoor.
Hewalkedright_________mewithoutevensayinghello.他径直从我身边走过，甚至连招呼都不打。
（4.）表示时间：
“在...之前，不迟于”
Itwillbedark_________thetimeIgetthere.
Thedocumentsneedtobeready_________nextFriday.
Workerswillhavefinishedtheconstructionofthemainteachingbuildings_________theendofthismonth.
（5.）表示方位:
“在...旁边，靠近”（同beside）
He’swandering,standing__________thewindowasifsomethingurgentoccurred.
Thelittlegirlissotimidthatshealwayssit__________hermotherwherevertheygo.
6.for
（1.）表示目的、对象、感情、能力：
“为了、替、给、对、对于”
——Ijustknowtherearesomenewfilmsforchildrenthesedays.
——Whydon’tyoutelephonethecinema__________moredetails?
Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?
Theyare___________everyone’senjoyment.
You’dbetterleaveanote__________yourparents.Hereisaletter________you.
Shehasanear_________music.
（2.）表示原因：
“因为、由于”
Hewasprraised__________hisgooddeeds.
Chinaisfamous_______theGreatWallandalso__________oneofthelargestcountrieswiththelargestpopulationintheworld.
（3.）表示方向、倾向、能力：
“向、往”
Thetrainisheading__________Beijing.Wewentout__________lunch.
Theyoungmanagerhungered__________knowledgeofmanagement.
（4.）表示买卖、交换：
“以...的代价，以...的价钱”
Heagreedtogiveher300dollars_________thepicture.Iboughtadictionary__________5dollars.
Hethoughtthejarmadeofearthoflittlevalueandletmehaveit_________onlyonedollar.
（5.）表示用途：
“适于，适合于”
Ibelievethroughmypreviousjobexperience,Icanbecompetent__________thisjob.
Oneoftherequirementsoflivingabroadisthatclimaticconditionsshouldbesuitable__________habitationthroughouttheyear.
Everyoneshouldkeepitinmindthatthereisonlyoneearth,ifwegoontreatingherlikethis,itwon’tbefit_________ushumantoliveinanylonger.
7.on
（1.）“从事...中，处于什么情况”
Hesawasoldier_________watchatthedoor.
Tired,hisyoungbrotherfellasleep,leavinghiminthetoiletfortwohourstilltheteacher________dutydiscoveredthem.
Thereweredailystrikesanddemonstrations,andbuildingswere__________fire.
（2.）表示关系：
“关于、涉及”
Hewillgiveatalk__________theeconomicsituation.
Theconferencehasbeenheldtodiscusstheeffectsoftourism_________thewildlifeinthearea.
Hedeclinedtorevealanyinformation__________thepresidentialelection.
（3.）表示方式：
“以...方式、通过”
IoftenhaveconversationswithJohn___________thephone,whilekeepintouchwithTom_________letter.
Nowadays,it’smoreconvenienttoknowwhat’sgoingonintheworld_________theInternet.
（4.）“是...的成员、在...供职”
Heandmybrotherare__________theirschoolbasketballteamandtheybothplaywell.
He’s__________thePeople’sDaily.
（5.）表示时间，后街动名词：
“一...就”
_________arrivingthefactory,hewenttoseethemanager.
_________myfinishingtypingtheletter,youwillhaveitdelivered.
8.with
（1.）with复合结构：
with+名词或代词+宾补（介短/副短/形短/todo/done/doing）
__________hiscolleaguestohelphim,it’slikelythatthetoughmissionwillbehandledaheadofschedule.
Withexports________（play）abigroleinitseconomicgrowth,thiscountryhasbeenaffectedbythecurrentfinancialstorm.
Thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear___________productionupby60%.
_________onlytwentyminutestogobeforethetrainleft,Ifeltuneasyinthetaxitotherailwaystation.
（2.）表示时间：
“随着、与...同时”
__________thedevelopmentofmodernagricultureandindustry,moreandmorewasteisproduced.
Theriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseincreases___________thenumberofcigarettessmoked.
________therapidgrowthofshortmessagessentbymobilephoes,theincreasingnumberofcriminalcasesappearedthroughshortmessages.
（3.）表示从属关系：
“具有、带有、在...身边”
——WhatmadeJohnwild_________joy?
——Beingadmittedtohisdreamuniversity.
_______asigh,sheleandtbackandclosedhereyes.
Hewasinhisearlyforties,tallandblond___________brightblueeyes.
（4.）表示工具、手段：
“用、用...工具”
Shesaidshewouldn’tbelievesuchakindofstrangebirdunlessshesawit_________herowneyes.
Removethemeat________aforkanddivideitintofourplates.
二.常考易混介词辨析：
1.表示时间点的at,in和on:
介词
用法
特例
at
表示在某个时间点、时刻
atbreakfast/lunch/dinner;atdawn/sunrise/noon/dusk/sunset/night/midnight;
in
表示在某个较长的时间内，如世纪、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚
inthemorning/afternoon/evening;ina（short）while,innotime,intime,intheday,inthenight
on
表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上、前夕
onChristmasEve,onChildren’sDay,earlyonthemorningofOct.1st
——Whendidhecomehere?
——Hecamehere________themorningofMonday,andwentback________theafternoon.
LiMing’sfatherboughthimanicebike________hisfourteenthbirthday.
2.表示时间点的in,during,after
介词
用法
in
表示一段时间：
“在...之内”，可与during互用；“在...之后”，用于一般将来时；inthelast/past+时间段，用于现在完成时
during
表示一段时间：
“在...之内”,与in区别：
during+表活动的抽象名词，in+表活动的动名词短语
duringthediscussion,indiscussingtheproblem
after
表示一段时间：
“在...之后”，用于一般过去时
Hepromisedtobuymeanewdress________hisstayinginParis.
Pleasetakecareofyoueself,andIwillcometoseeyouagain_______afewdays.
Helefthomeandwenttothefront________twodays.
Hehasmaderapidprogress_______thepastthreemonths.
3.表示”方式、方法、手段”的介词：
in,on,by,with,through
介词
用法
典例
by
by+交通/运输/通讯单数名词
byland由陆路bysea由海路bywater由水路byair空运
by
升级会员 