医学考博英语经验及作文技巧Word下载.doc
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你会发现阅读多了就非常有用,对词汇和听力也有很大帮助。
这就是我的一点经验了,希望对大家有点帮助!
附原创作文策略总结
一、原则与要求:
不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!
2-5个长句!
不写或少写短句!
12-15句话。
二、摘要的结构、写作大纲
推荐结构1导言段2正文段(正反两方面)3结论段
保守结构1原文结构2原文要点3无结论
点睛1.文章分段;
2.充分利用标题;
3.段段都有主题句;
4末句重复主题句(首尾呼应)
三、三种类型
如何做howtodo;
描写议论what’sitandwhyisitso;
综合型whatandhowtodo
常用句式:
记住what,how,why写作思路,以及正反两方面分别论述!
如果涉及到使用主语是可用theauthor/essay,不用第一人称my、me、I等!
四、考场写作技巧
①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。
②翻译标题,有标题就译,充分引用标题(标题嵌入首段的末句),没有标题不能加。
③三段式,导言+正文+结论,不用第一人称,注意客观性。
或者按原文要点格式!
④主题句,段段都有,复合句不宜太短。
⑤规范主题句,结论有标志。
⑥末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。
⑦起草摘要,切忌照抄或逐字翻译,要用自己的语言,摆脱原文束缚,达到摘要的目的。
整理修改,使文章简练,同时使用连接词,使文章具有连贯性和统一性。
五、写作中几个禁忌
1.逐字翻译;
2.引用过细,例子、数字、人名、地名等;
3.引用故事,原话(除非故事占大部分内容);
4.被原文牵着鼻子走。
5.使用原文意以外的称呼或个人观点!
?
六、摘要文章的框架:
内容为医学科普文章,时间和字数:
50分钟;
约200词,一般是几个要点就可分几个小段落,大约是12-15个句子左右。
七、背诵模版:
Thisessayfocusonthetopicof……that…….However,whydid…happen?
whatshouldbedoneto……?
Withthespeedupof/increasing……,/Nowanincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat……
Itissaidthat/Accumulateddatahaveindicatedthat……
结尾总结回应主题Takingintoaccountallthefactorslistedabove,theauthor/paperreachestheconclusion/suggeststhatconcertedeffortsshouldbemadeto;
haveaccessto
医学考博写作常用核心关键词汇
1.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病,霍乱(传染病)=cholera,acutegastroenteritis;
aloe['
æ
lәu]n.芦荟,芦荟叶汁
2.虫媒insectpollination,entomophil;
虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borneinfectiousdisease:
vector-borneinfectiousdiseases:
malaria,denguefever,schistosomiasis,andviralencephalitis/yellowfever疟疾、登革热、血吸虫病;
肾病综合征:
nephrotic/renalsyndrome;
3.epidemichemorrhagicfever流行性出血热;
arthropod-bornevirusencephalitis节肢动物传播的病毒性脑炎;
4.爆发流行:
breakout,burstout,explode;
anepidemicoutbreakof,outburst,explosion
5.传染:
infect/infection/infectious,catching,communicate/communicable,contagion/contagious,transmission/transmittable;
communicable可传达的,会传染的,[医]有传染性的;
communicativea.健谈的,爱说话的,交际的
6.传播途径routeoftransmission,birdflutransmitsbyair/wind;
persontopersontransmission
7.传播,散布:
diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/propagation
8.污染pollution/pollute,contamination/contaminate
9.福祉well-being,happiness;
衰老growold;
aging;
consenescence;
senility;
senile
10.sensual肉欲的,色情的,世俗的,感官的,感觉论的
11.frombadtoworse每况愈下;
akinto=similarto相似的;
Purulent脓的,化脓的
doctor-patientcommunication=communicationbetweendoctorsandpatients;
history,complainof,complaint,examine;
Sanluscandal三鹿事件;
foodsafety/security;
12.婴幼儿保健thebabyandchild/Infanthealthcare
13.Hopeforthebest,preparefortheworst.做最好的打算,最坏的准备。
14.下降、减少reduction,decrease,decline,diminution,drop,descend,go/comedown,fall;
上升、增加rise;
goup;
ascend;
increase;
16.禽流感H1N1flubirdflu/avianflu;
食品安全foodsafety;
抗氧化药物和食品anti-oxidationdrugsandfoods;
AIDs;
抗抑郁药物anti-depressiondrugs;
人工心脏artificialheart;
公共卫生突发事件publichealthemergencies;
应急反应immediateresponseto;
关注民生concern(focuson,payattentionto)people’slivelihood/well-being;
城乡卫生体系urban-ruralmedicalandhealthsystem
17.预防保健DiseasePreventionandHealthcare,服务体系servicesystem;
讲究卫生payattentiontohygiene;
个人和环境卫生personalandenvironmentalhygiene
18.孝敬的filialpietyfilialpietyto,treattheirparentswithfilialrespect
19.lite清淡的;
protein-complementeddiet蛋白添加饮食;
tuna金枪鱼(肉),<
植>
金枪仙人掌;
greenbeans青豆,绿蚕豆;
kidneybean四季豆;
mungbean绿豆preventiveinitiatives=preventivemeasures预防的措施
20.aflashinthepan昙花一现,昙花一现的人物,一时的成功
21.过劳死karoshi;
deathfromoverwork22.长期以来foralongtime;
overtheyears
22.养生preserveone'
shealth;
nourishingoflife;
keepingoodhealth
23.更年期和老年期妇女卫生保健服务healthcareservicesforperi-menopausalandoldwomen;
hygienichealthcareofmenopausalwomen
24.承担主要责任:
assumetheprimaryresponsibilityfor
25.分类bedividedinto=fallintothreecategories=begroupedaccordingtotheirorigin,intothreeclasses.=becategorizedaccordingto/beroughlyclassifiedintothreekinds.
26.国际护士协会(ICN=internationalcouncilofnurses);
基本职责=basic/fundamental/essential/elementaryduties/responsibilities/obligations;
基本原则fundamentalprinciple/rule,basicruleorprinciple;
27.抗旱能力droughtresistancecapacity;
coldresistancecapacity抗寒能力
28.激烈运动strenuousexercise;
vigorousactivity;
月经期menstrualperiod
29.生活的节奏thetempo/thepaceoflife;
alifeofquick/fastpace
30.民众the(general)public,themassesofthepeople,thecommonpeople;
合作者co-worker;
collaborator;
copartner;
coagent;
31.大规模流行large-scaletransmission,becomeapandemic,massiveattack/outbreak
32.死亡人数deathtoll,deaths,thenumberofpeoplekilledin/dyingfrom
Thedeathtollisexpectedtorise.Thedeathtollcontinuestorise.
Therehavebeenmoredeathsfromdrowning.
Howmuchisthedeathtoll?
死亡人数是多少?
33.归结为boildownto;
comedownto;
归因为/归功于beattributableto、beattributedto、ascribeorattribute…to、owe…to;
归咎于layorputtheblameonsb、blame…on、ascribeorattribute…to、impute…to。
34.etiquette 礼仪,礼节;
差距/差别程度difference,disparity,gap
35.解密decode,decipher,decrypt,disclocse;
旗鼓相当/势均力敌:
well-matchedadversaries/rivals;
旗鼓相当的对手/劲敌:
afoe/rival/anenemy/anopponentworthyofone'
ssteel;
dingdongfight势均力敌的比赛;
旗鼓相当的战争。
36.dingdong['
diŋ'
dɔŋ]n.叮当声,叮咚声a.(非正式)(比赛)双方不相上下的,ad.起劲地
37.基因芯片genechip,又称DNAchip或cDNA微矩阵列cDNAMicroarray
38.inhale吸入,吸气;
exhale呼出,呼气;
无生命的,非生物的abiological/abiotic,non-livingthings;
insular海岛的,狭隘的;
固定不变的changeless,steadfast.
39.大规模onalargescale,extensive,large-scale,massive;
40.表面上onthesurface,apparently,ostensibly,superficial,seemingly;
因果关系cause-and-effectrelationship,causalrelationship/relations;
孤立现象anisolatedphenomenon;
复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate;
极端复杂性extreme/exceedingcomplexity/complicacy。
41.boardofdirectors理事会,董事会;
Aboardorcouncil=董事会或理事会
Administrative/administrationLeadershipandBusinessManagementmakeaBranchofScience.行政领导工作和业务管理工作是一门科学。
42.获得认证becertified/hasbeencertificated,gain/earnapprovalcertification
43.后勤部门rear-servicedepartment;
logisticsdepartment;
backoffice;
departmentofsupportservices;
膳食科dietarydivision;
人事科personneloffice/section
44.integrate(v.)結合,整合,集于一体=incorporate
45.低保basiclivingallowances/subsistenceallowances;
养老保险endowmentinsurance;
退休养老金retirementpension;
HealthCareReform医疗改革
46.潮湿的环境humidenvironment/moistsituations;
慢性铅中毒chronicleadpoisoning;
意外事故fortuitousaccidents=unforeseeneventorcircumstance=anaccident=contingency意外事件;
娱乐活动:
recreationalactivities,recreation,entertainment,leisureactivities,amusement
47.建立基本医疗卫生制度,提高全民健康水平。
Establish/setupabasicmedicalandhealthcaresystemandimprovethehealthofthewholenation.
48.H1N1Flu写作中需要的词汇包括:
H1N1virus,communicable(transmittable,contagious,infectious),susceptible,infect,symptoms,latent(latency),communicableperiod,acute,respiratorydiseases,high-riskpopulation,nationwide/worldwide;
Itislatentfor1to7daysandiscommunicablefor1to7days.
49.Euthanasia
关键词:
安乐死euthanasia;
伦理学的ethical;
道德的moral;
合法化legalize/ation;
得绝症的terminallyill;
垂死的dying;
延长prolong;
质量quality
prolongaterminallyillpatient’slifedespitethecostandpainshe/shesuffers.
50.临终关怀=HospiceCare/=end-of-lifecare
濒临死亡的病人:
dyingpatients,terminallyillpatients,incurablepatient),生命质量(qualityoflife或lifequality),临终关怀(=end-of-lifecare)。
51.突发公共卫生事件问题Outbreakofpublichealthemergency/emergencies,publichealthandurgentsystem,enhanceourcapacitytorespondtopublichealthemergencies.Stepup/Acceleratetheestablishmentofasocialsecuritysystemcoveringbothurbanandruralresidentsandguaranteetheirbasiclivingconditions.
improvethelow-renthousingsystemandspeedupresolutionofthehousingdifficultiesoflow-incomefamiliesinurbanareas.
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