医学考博英语经验及作文技巧Word下载.doc

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医学考博英语经验及作文技巧Word下载.doc

你会发现阅读多了就非常有用,对词汇和听力也有很大帮助。

这就是我的一点经验了,希望对大家有点帮助!

附原创作文策略总结

一、原则与要求:

不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!

2-5个长句!

不写或少写短句!

12-15句话。

二、摘要的结构、写作大纲

推荐结构1导言段2正文段(正反两方面)3结论段

保守结构1原文结构2原文要点3无结论

点睛1.文章分段;

2.充分利用标题;

3.段段都有主题句;

4末句重复主题句(首尾呼应)

三、三种类型

如何做howtodo;

描写议论what’sitandwhyisitso;

综合型whatandhowtodo

常用句式:

记住what,how,why写作思路,以及正反两方面分别论述!

如果涉及到使用主语是可用theauthor/essay,不用第一人称my、me、I等!

四、考场写作技巧

①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。

②翻译标题,有标题就译,充分引用标题(标题嵌入首段的末句),没有标题不能加。

③三段式,导言+正文+结论,不用第一人称,注意客观性。

或者按原文要点格式!

④主题句,段段都有,复合句不宜太短。

⑤规范主题句,结论有标志。

⑥末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。

⑦起草摘要,切忌照抄或逐字翻译,要用自己的语言,摆脱原文束缚,达到摘要的目的。

整理修改,使文章简练,同时使用连接词,使文章具有连贯性和统一性。

五、写作中几个禁忌

1.逐字翻译;

2.引用过细,例子、数字、人名、地名等;

3.引用故事,原话(除非故事占大部分内容);

4.被原文牵着鼻子走。

5.使用原文意以外的称呼或个人观点!

六、摘要文章的框架:

内容为医学科普文章,时间和字数:

50分钟;

约200词,一般是几个要点就可分几个小段落,大约是12-15个句子左右。

七、背诵模版:

Thisessayfocusonthetopicof……that…….However,whydid…happen?

whatshouldbedoneto……?

Withthespeedupof/increasing……,/Nowanincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat……

Itissaidthat/Accumulateddatahaveindicatedthat……

结尾总结回应主题Takingintoaccountallthefactorslistedabove,theauthor/paperreachestheconclusion/suggeststhatconcertedeffortsshouldbemadeto;

haveaccessto

医学考博写作常用核心关键词汇

1.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病,霍乱(传染病)=cholera,acutegastroenteritis;

aloe['

æ

lәu]n.芦荟,芦荟叶汁

2.虫媒insectpollination,entomophil;

虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borneinfectiousdisease:

vector-borneinfectiousdiseases:

malaria,denguefever,schistosomiasis,andviralencephalitis/yellowfever疟疾、登革热、血吸虫病;

肾病综合征:

nephrotic/renalsyndrome;

3.epidemichemorrhagicfever流行性出血热;

arthropod-bornevirusencephalitis节肢动物传播的病毒性脑炎;

4.爆发流行:

breakout,burstout,explode;

anepidemicoutbreakof,outburst,explosion

5.传染:

infect/infection/infectious,catching,communicate/communicable,contagion/contagious,transmission/transmittable;

communicable可传达的,会传染的,[医]有传染性的;

communicativea.健谈的,爱说话的,交际的

6.传播途径routeoftransmission,birdflutransmitsbyair/wind;

persontopersontransmission

7.传播,散布:

diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/propagation

8.污染pollution/pollute,contamination/contaminate

9.福祉well-being,happiness;

衰老growold;

aging;

consenescence;

senility;

senile

10.sensual肉欲的,色情的,世俗的,感官的,感觉论的

11.frombadtoworse每况愈下;

akinto=similarto相似的;

Purulent脓的,化脓的

doctor-patientcommunication=communicationbetweendoctorsandpatients;

history,complainof,complaint,examine;

Sanluscandal三鹿事件;

foodsafety/security;

12.婴幼儿保健thebabyandchild/Infanthealthcare

13.Hopeforthebest,preparefortheworst.做最好的打算,最坏的准备。

14.下降、减少reduction,decrease,decline,diminution,drop,descend,go/comedown,fall;

上升、增加rise;

goup;

ascend;

increase;

16.禽流感H1N1flubirdflu/avianflu;

食品安全foodsafety;

抗氧化药物和食品anti-oxidationdrugsandfoods;

AIDs;

抗抑郁药物anti-depressiondrugs;

人工心脏artificialheart;

公共卫生突发事件publichealthemergencies;

应急反应immediateresponseto;

关注民生concern(focuson,payattentionto)people’slivelihood/well-being;

城乡卫生体系urban-ruralmedicalandhealthsystem

17.预防保健DiseasePreventionandHealthcare,服务体系servicesystem;

讲究卫生payattentiontohygiene;

个人和环境卫生personalandenvironmentalhygiene

18.孝敬的filialpietyfilialpietyto,treattheirparentswithfilialrespect

19.lite清淡的;

protein-complementeddiet蛋白添加饮食;

tuna金枪鱼(肉),<

植>

金枪仙人掌;

greenbeans青豆,绿蚕豆;

kidneybean四季豆;

mungbean绿豆preventiveinitiatives=preventivemeasures预防的措施

20.aflashinthepan昙花一现,昙花一现的人物,一时的成功

21.过劳死karoshi;

deathfromoverwork22.长期以来foralongtime;

overtheyears

22.养生preserveone'

shealth;

nourishingoflife;

keepingoodhealth

23.更年期和老年期妇女卫生保健服务healthcareservicesforperi-menopausalandoldwomen;

hygienichealthcareofmenopausalwomen

24.承担主要责任:

assumetheprimaryresponsibilityfor

25.分类bedividedinto=fallintothreecategories=begroupedaccordingtotheirorigin,intothreeclasses.=becategorizedaccordingto/beroughlyclassifiedintothreekinds.

26.国际护士协会(ICN=internationalcouncilofnurses);

基本职责=basic/fundamental/essential/elementaryduties/responsibilities/obligations;

基本原则fundamentalprinciple/rule,basicruleorprinciple;

27.抗旱能力droughtresistancecapacity;

coldresistancecapacity抗寒能力

28.激烈运动strenuousexercise;

vigorousactivity;

月经期menstrualperiod

29.生活的节奏thetempo/thepaceoflife;

alifeofquick/fastpace

30.民众the(general)public,themassesofthepeople,thecommonpeople;

合作者co-worker;

collaborator;

copartner;

coagent;

31.大规模流行large-scaletransmission,becomeapandemic,massiveattack/outbreak

32.死亡人数deathtoll,deaths,thenumberofpeoplekilledin/dyingfrom

Thedeathtollisexpectedtorise.Thedeathtollcontinuestorise.

Therehavebeenmoredeathsfromdrowning.

Howmuchisthedeathtoll?

死亡人数是多少?

33.归结为boildownto;

comedownto;

归因为/归功于beattributableto、beattributedto、ascribeorattribute…to、owe…to;

归咎于layorputtheblameonsb、blame…on、ascribeorattribute…to、impute…to。

34.etiquette 礼仪,礼节;

差距/差别程度difference,disparity,gap

35.解密decode,decipher,decrypt,disclocse;

旗鼓相当/势均力敌:

well-matchedadversaries/rivals;

旗鼓相当的对手/劲敌:

afoe/rival/anenemy/anopponentworthyofone'

ssteel;

dingdongfight势均力敌的比赛;

旗鼓相当的战争。

36.dingdong['

diŋ'

dɔŋ]n.叮当声,叮咚声a.(非正式)(比赛)双方不相上下的,ad.起劲地

37.基因芯片genechip,又称DNAchip或cDNA微矩阵列cDNAMicroarray

38.inhale吸入,吸气;

exhale呼出,呼气;

无生命的,非生物的abiological/abiotic,non-livingthings;

insular海岛的,狭隘的;

固定不变的changeless,steadfast.

39.大规模onalargescale,extensive,large-scale,massive;

40.表面上onthesurface,apparently,ostensibly,superficial,seemingly;

因果关系cause-and-effectrelationship,causalrelationship/relations;

孤立现象anisolatedphenomenon;

复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate;

极端复杂性extreme/exceedingcomplexity/complicacy。

41.boardofdirectors理事会,董事会;

Aboardorcouncil=董事会或理事会

Administrative/administrationLeadershipandBusinessManagementmakeaBranchofScience.行政领导工作和业务管理工作是一门科学。

42.获得认证becertified/hasbeencertificated,gain/earnapprovalcertification

43.后勤部门rear-servicedepartment;

logisticsdepartment;

backoffice;

departmentofsupportservices;

膳食科dietarydivision;

人事科personneloffice/section

44.integrate(v.)結合,整合,集于一体=incorporate

45.低保basiclivingallowances/subsistenceallowances;

养老保险endowmentinsurance;

退休养老金retirementpension;

HealthCareReform医疗改革

46.潮湿的环境humidenvironment/moistsituations;

慢性铅中毒chronicleadpoisoning;

意外事故fortuitousaccidents=unforeseeneventorcircumstance=anaccident=contingency意外事件;

娱乐活动:

recreationalactivities,recreation,entertainment,leisureactivities,amusement

47.建立基本医疗卫生制度,提高全民健康水平。

Establish/setupabasicmedicalandhealthcaresystemandimprovethehealthofthewholenation.

48.H1N1Flu写作中需要的词汇包括:

H1N1virus,communicable(transmittable,contagious,infectious),susceptible,infect,symptoms,latent(latency),communicableperiod,acute,respiratorydiseases,high-riskpopulation,nationwide/worldwide;

Itislatentfor1to7daysandiscommunicablefor1to7days.

49.Euthanasia

关键词:

安乐死euthanasia;

伦理学的ethical;

道德的moral;

合法化legalize/ation;

得绝症的terminallyill;

垂死的dying;

延长prolong;

质量quality

prolongaterminallyillpatient’slifedespitethecostandpainshe/shesuffers.

50.临终关怀=HospiceCare/=end-of-lifecare

濒临死亡的病人:

dyingpatients,terminallyillpatients,incurablepatient),生命质量(qualityoflife或lifequality),临终关怀(=end-of-lifecare)。

51.突发公共卫生事件问题Outbreakofpublichealthemergency/emergencies,publichealthandurgentsystem,enhanceourcapacitytorespondtopublichealthemergencies.Stepup/Acceleratetheestablishmentofasocialsecuritysystemcoveringbothurbanandruralresidentsandguaranteetheirbasiclivingconditions.

improvethelow-renthousingsystemandspeedupresolutionofthehousingdifficultiesoflow-incomefamiliesinurbanareas.

5

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