英语四级段落信息匹配题练习及答案6Word文件下载.doc
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[B]Whyarestandardsofbeautybeingimposedonwomen,themajorityofwhomarenaturallylargerandmorematurethananyofthemodels?
Theroots,someanalystssay,areeconomic.Bypresentinganidealdifficulttoachieveandmaintainthecosmeticanddietproductindustriesareassuredofgrowthandprofits.Andit’snoaccidentthatyouthisincreasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessentialcriterionofbeauty.Ifnotallwomenneedtoloseweight,forsurethey’reallaging,saystheQuebecActionNetworkforWomen’sHealthinits2001report.And,accordingtotheindustry,ageisadisasterthatneedstobedealtwith.
[C]Thestakesarehuge.Ontheonehand,womenwhoareinsecureabouttheirbodiesaremorelikelytobuybeautyproducts,newclothes,anddietaids.Itisestimatedthatthedietindustryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion（U.S.）ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss（90%to95%ofdietersregainthelostweight）.Ontheotherhand,researchindicatesthatexposuretoimagesofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodiesislinkedtodepression,lossofself-esteemandthedevelopmentofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenandgirls.
[D]TheAmericanresearchgroupAnorexiaNervosa&
RelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.saysthatoneoutofeveryfourcollege-agedwomenusesunhealthymethodsofweightcontrol—includingfasting,skippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative（泻药）abuse,andself-inducedvomiting.Thepressuretobethinisalsoaffectingyounggirls:
theCanadianWomen’sHealthNetworkwarnsthatweightcontrolmeasuresarenowbeingtakenbygirlsasyoungas5and6.Americanstatisticsaresimilar.Severalstudies,suchasoneconductedbyMarikaTiggemannandLevinaClarkin2006titled“AppearanceCulturein9-to12-Year-OldGirls:
MediaandPeerInfluencesonBodyDissatisfaction,”indicatethatnearlyhalfofallpreadolescentgirlswishtobethinner,andasaresulthaveengagedinadietorareawareoftheconceptofdieting.In2003,Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12yearsoldhavebeenonatleastonediet,andthat50to70percentofnormalweightgirlsbelievetheyareoverweight.Overallresearchindicatesthat90%ofwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomeway.MediaactivistJeanKilbourneconcludesthat,“Womenaresoldtothedietindustrybythemagazineswereadandthetelevisionprogramswewatch,almostallofwhichmakeusfeelanxiousaboutourweight.”
[E]Perhapsthemostdisturbingisthefactthatmediaimagesoffemalebeautyareunattainableforallbutaverysmallnumberofwomen.ResearchersgeneratingacomputermodelofawomanwithBarbie-dollproportions,forexample,foundthatherbackwouldbetooweaktosupporttheweightofherupperbody,andherbodywouldbetoonarrowtocontainmorethanhalfaliverandafewcentimetersofbowel.Arealwomanbuiltthatwaywouldsufferfromchronicdiarrhea（慢性腹泻）andeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.JillBarad,PresidentofMattel（whichmanufacturesBarbie）,estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10yearsoldownatleastoneBarbiedoll.Still,thenumberofreallifewomenandgirlswhoseekasimilarlyunderweightbodyisepidemic,andtheycansufferequallydevastatinghealthconsequences.In2006itwasestimatedthatupto450,000Canadianwomenwereaffectedbyaneatingdisorder.
[F]Researchersreportthatwomen’smagazineshavetenandone-halftimesmoreadsandarticlespromotingweightlossthanmen’smagazinesdo,andoverthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazinesincludeatleastonemessageabouthowtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery.Televisionandmoviesreinforcetheimportanceofathinbodyasameasureofawoman’sworth.CanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreportsthatoverthree-quartersofthefemalecharactersinTVsituationcomediesareunderweight,andonlyoneintwentyareaboveaverageinsize.Heavieractressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrommalecharactersabouttheirbodies（“Howaboutwearingasack?
，，），and80percentofthesenegativecommentsarefollowedbycannedaudiencelaughter.
[G]Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazineindustrytobuck（才氐制，反抗）thetrend.ForseveralyearstheQuebecmagazineCoupdePoucehasconsistentlyincludedfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledgednottotouchupphotosandnottoincludemodelslessthan25yearsofage.InMadrid,oneoftheworld’sbiggestfashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswerebannedfromtherunwayin2006.FurthermoreSpainhasrecentlyundergoneaprojectwiththeaimtostandardizeclothingsizesthroughusingauniqueprocessinwhichalaserbeamisusedtomeasurereallifewomen’sbodiesinordertofindthemosttruetolifemeasurement.
[H]Anotherissueistherepresentationofethnicallydiversewomeninthemedia.A2008studyconductedbyJuanitaCovertandTravisDixontitled“AChangingView:
RepresentationandEffectsofthePortrayalofWomenofColorinMainstreamWomen’sMagazines”foundthatalthoughtherewasanincreaseintherepresentationofwomenofcolour,overallwhitewomenwereoverrepresentedinmainstreamwomen’smagazinesfrom1999to2004.
[I]Thebarrageofmessagesaboutthinness,dietingandbeautytells“ordinary”womenthattheyarealwaysinneedofadjustment—andthatthefemalebodyisanobjecttobeperfected.JeanKilbournearguesthattheoverwhelmingpresenceofmediaimagesofpainfullythinwomenmeansthatrealwomen’sbodieshavebecomeinvisibleinthemassmedia.Therealtragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,isthatmanywomeninternalizethese
stereotypes,andjudgethemselvesbythebeautyindustry’sstandards.Womenlearntocomparethemselvesto
otherwomen,andtocompetewiththemformaleattention.Thisfocusonbeautyanddesirability“effectivelydestroysanyawarenessandactionthatmighthelptochangethatclimate.”
46.AreportinTeenmagazineshowedthat50%to70%girlswithnormalweightthinkthattheyneedtoloseweight.
47.Onthewhole,for6yearswhitewomenhadbeenoccupyingmuchmorespaceinmainstreamwomen’smagazinessince1999.
48.Somenegativeeffectssuchasdepressionandunhealthyeatinghabitsinfemalesarerelatedtotheirbeingexposedtoimagesofthinandyoungfemalebodies.
49.Themassmediahashelpedboostthecosmeticandthedietindustries.
50.Itisreportedthatthereisatleastonemessageaboutthemethodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearanceonmorethanthree-quartersofthecoversofwomen’smagazines.
51.Somefilmandtelevisionactressesevenfaintonthesceneduetoeatingtoolittle.
52.Toomuchconcernwithappearancemakesitimpossibletochangesuchabnormaltrend.
53.ResearchersfoundthatarealwomanwithBarbie-dollproportionswouldeventuallydiefrommalnutrition.
54.TheQuebecmagazineCoup（ePouceresiststhetrendbyconsistentlyincludingfull-sizedwomenintheirfashionpagesforseveralyears.
55.Accordingtosomeanalysts,thefundamentalreasonofimposingstandardsofbeautyonwomeniseconomicprofits.
答案与解析
PartⅢReadingComprehension
SectionB
46.[D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己需要减肥。
注意抓住题干中的关键词magazine、50%to70%和normalweight。
文章段落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。
由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。
题干中的needtoloseweight与原文中的isoverweight对应。
47.[H]。
题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。
注意抓住题干中的关键词for6years、whitewomen和occupyingmuchmorespace。
文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。
由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。
题干中的occupyingmuchmorespace对应原文中的overrepresented。
48.[C]。
题干意为，女性身上存在的一些诸如抑郁和不健康的饮食习惯的负面影响与接触年轻苗条的女性形象有关。
注意抓住题干中的关键词depressionandunhealthyeatinghabits、beingexposedto和thinandyoungbodies。
文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康的饮食习惯以及接触年轻苗条的女性形象的内容，该段最后一句提到，另一方面，研究表明，接触这种年轻苗条、妆容美丽的女性形象与女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和不健康的饮食习惯有关。
由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。
题干中的arerelatedto对应原文中的islinkedto，beingexposedto对应原文中的exposureto。
49.[B]。
题干意为，大众媒体帮助促进了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展。
注意抓住题干中的关键词boosted和thecosmeticandthedietindustries。
文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展，该段最后一句提到，通过呈现一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业必然能够得到发展并获得利润，而其呈现方式就是通过大众媒体。
由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。
50.[F]。
题干意为，报道称超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的方法。
注意抓住题干中的关键词atleastonemessage和morethanthree-quarters。
文章段落中，提到女性杂志封面提供如何改变女性身材的的内容在[F]段出现，该段首句提到，研究人员公布说，女性杂志上宣传减肥的广告和文章所占的比重比男性杂志高10.5倍，超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的信息——诸如节食、运动或是整容手术。
由此可知，题干对该句后半句内容做了概括，故答案为[F]。
题干中的methodsforwomentochangetheirbodilyappearance是对原文中howtochangeawoman’sbodilyappearance—bydiet,exerciseorcosmeticsurgery洽勺相无才括。
51.[A]。
题干意为，甚至有些影视女演员因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。
注意抓住题干中的关键词filmandtelevisionactresses和faint。
文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演员以及晕倒的内容，该段第三句提到，有些女演员甚至因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。
由此可见，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[A]。
题干中的duetoeatingtoolittle和原文中的fromlackoffood对应。
52.[I
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