高三英语考分辨和提纲挈领的能力 新课标 人教版.docx

高三英语考分辨和提纲挈领的能力 新课标 人教版.docx

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高三英语考分辨和提纲挈领的能力新课标人教版

高三英语考分辨和提纲挈领的能力

一题型特点：

这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。

这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。

二题干表现形式

1常见的标题型题干：

1）Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_____________.

2）Thetext（passage）couldbeentitled______________.

3）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?

2常见的主题型题干：

5）Thispassagechieflydealswith____________.6）What’sthetopicofthearticle?

7）Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

8）Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?

3目的类主旨大意题

Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis______.

Thepassageismeantto_____Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______

三应试技巧

一）主题句的特点

·主题句所表达的意思具有概括性

·句子结构简单明了，作者一般会采用长句或结构复杂的句子作为文章的主题句

·文章或段落的其大句子都是对主题句的进一步解释，说明，论证或扩展。

二）如何寻找主题句

1）文首　开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.

Passage1

Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.

Passage2

Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.

Manhasmadegreatprogressinenvironmentprotection.Governmentsofmanycountrieshaveestablishedlawstoprotecttheforestsandsearesourcesandwastewaterandpoisonousgaseshavebeenalsodealtwith.

Stillmoremeasuresshouldbetakentosolvetheproblems.Peopleshouldbefurthereducatedtorealizetheimportanceoftheproblem,tousemodernmethodsofbirthcontrolandlearntorecycleournaturalresources.Wearesurethatweshallhaveabetterandcleanedplanetinthefuture.

2）.首尾呼应

为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见.但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。

Passage3（首段）ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.“shesaid…

（尾段）“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.Shusaid.

3）.文尾

在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式

passage4

Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.

4）.文中

通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展.

Passage5

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.

5）.无主题句

即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。

必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。

Passage6

JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Q:

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

　＿＿＿＿

A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.　

C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.

【解题思路】此文没有主题句。

全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节（detail）性的事实。

因此就答案本身看，个个都对。

读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想（unstatedmainidea）。

由于文中主要涉及了JoshuaBingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：

JoshuaBingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ

6）注意标志词

文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。

如：

onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus…..

Iagreewiththeopinionthat….;Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat….;Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer….

四选项的特点

正确选项的特点：

·那些概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻,说明道理的选项一般是答案项。

·四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项。

错误选项的特点

·以偏概全.只是局部信息,或是一句没有展开论述的评论.

n·过于笼统.即归纳的主题太泛,与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.

n·把自己的观点强加于作者.读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解.

n·无关联的信息,既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息

1【全国IA】

Petownersarebeingencouragedtotaketheiranimalstowork,amovescientistssaycanbegoodforproductivity,workplacemorale（士气）,andthewell-beingofanimals.

Astudyfoundthat25%ofAustralianwomenwouldliketokeepanofficepet.SueChaselingofPetcareInformationServicesaidthepracticeofkeepingofficepetswasgoodbothforthepeopleandthepets.“Onthepets’side,theyarenotleftontheirownandwon’tfeellonelyandunhappy,”shesaid.AstudyofmajorUScompaniesshowedthat73%foundofficepetsbeneficial（有益的）,while27%experiencedadropinabsenteeism（缺勤）.

XarniRiggshastwocatswalkingaroundherGlobalHairSaloninPaddington.“Mycustomerslovethem.Theyaretheirfavorites,”shesaid.“Theyarenottroublesome.Theyknowwhentogoandhaveasleepinthesun.”

LittleblackBJhasspentnearlyallhistwoyears“working”atPunchGalleryinBalmain.OwnerIainPowellsaidhehadhadcatsatthegalleryfor15years.“BJoftenliesintheshopwindowandpeoplewalkingpasttapontheglass,”hesaid.

MsChaselingsaidcatswerepopularinserviceindustriesbecausetheyenabledapointofconversation.Butshesaidownershadtomakesureboththeirco-workersandthecatswerecomfortable.

56．ThepercentageofAmericancompaniesthatareinfavorofkeepingofficepetsisA．73%B．27%C．25%D．15%

57．Weknowfromthetextthat“BJ”

A．worksintheGlobalHairSalonB．oftengreetsthepassers-by

C．likestosleepinthesunD．isatwo-year-oldcat

58．Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe.

A．PetsHelpAttractCustomersB．YourFavoriteOfficePets

C．PetsJointheWorkforceD．BusyLifeforPets

2【北京B】

Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeeptheelbows（肘）nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.

Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployerprovides,andworkersuse:

●powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle（肌肉）power

●toolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist（手腕）tokeepstraight（Seefigure1）.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesamepositionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson’sside

Figure1.Bendthetool,notthewrist

●toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehand.Thismeanshavingaselectionofsizes—rememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortablefirmHoldforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawkwardforsomeonewithaverysmallhand.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwhomayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.

●toolsthatdonotpressfingers（orflesh）betweenthehandles,andwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmallsurfacearea.

60.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.GoodtoolDesignforWomenB.ImportanceofGoodToolDesign

C.ToolDesignandPreventionofInjuriesD.OveruseofToolsandWorkerProtection

61.Whichofthefollowingdescribesawell-designedtool?

A.It’skeptclosetothebody.B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.

C.Itmakesusersfeelrelaxed.D.It’soperatedwithlessforce.

62.WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?

A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.

C.Theproperdesignofthehandle.D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist.

63.Inchoosingtoolsforwomen,_____ofthehandleisthemostimportant.

A.thesizeB.theedgeC.theshapeD.theposition

3【安徽C】

Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed（无武器的）handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake（hands）onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.

DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?

No.SometimestheChineseabroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmeananythingtohimor-her.Evenif,forpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,justtouchitslightly-Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding（误解）amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusuallyopenandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved（保守的）inmanner.ButinfactsomepeopleinwesterncountriesmorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronlywhenheshowsint