习语及习语的汉英翻译Word文档格式.docx

习语及习语的汉英翻译Word文档格式.docx

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Similarity；

Dissimilarity

摘　要

习语犹如文学殿堂里一颗璀璨无比的明珠放射着历久不衰的光芒，古往今来，无数文人墨客的笔下都闪耀着它的异彩。

它结构固定而涵义深刻，用生动的形象明确地表达着深刻的思想。

汉语习语是几千年华夏文化的精髓之一。

本文在简单介绍习语就的定义，来源，特点及分类的基础上，研究汉语习语的英语翻译并提出一系列的汉语习语英译的翻译原则和翻译方法,其中主要涉及对似和非对似汉语习语的英语翻译。

关键词:

汉语习语；

对似性；

非对似性

Contents

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………5

SectionOne…………………………………………………………………………………………………5

IntroductiontoIdioms……………………………………………………………………………………5

I.DefinitionofIdioms………………………………………………………………………...………6

II.OriginsofIdioms………………………………………………………………………..…………6

（1）TheExperienceoftheCommonPeople………………………………………………...………7

（2）MythsandFables…………………………………………………….…………………………7

（3）HistoricalEventsandAnecdotes……………………………..…………………………………8

（4）ClassicalLiteraryWorks…………………………………………………………..……………9

（5）SocialCustomsandHabits………………………………………………………..…….………9

III.FeaturesofIdioms………………….……………………………………………………….……10

（1）FixedStructure…………………………………………………………………………...……10

（2）AbundantConnotations……………………………………………………………..…………10

（3）DistinctCulturalFeature………………………………………………………………………11

IV.ClassificationsofIdioms……………………………………………………………………………11

SectionTwo…………………………………………………………………………………………..……12

I.IdiomswithSimilarImplications………………………………………………………………….…12

II.IdiomswithDissimilarImplications………………………………………………..………….……12

SectionThree

………………………………………………..………………………………...……..……12

TranslationofIdiomswithSimilarandDissimilarImplicationsfromChineseintoEnglish…….……12

MethodsandPrinciplesforEnglishTranslationofChineseIdioms……………………………………13

I.MethodsofEnglishTranslationofChineseIdiomswithSimilarImplicationsinEnglish……….13

II.PrinciplesforEnglishTranslationofChineseIdiomswithDissimilarImplicationsinEnglish.…15

Principle1:

TranslatingChineseIdiomsintoEnglishinaCorrectandAccurateWay………...…15

Principle2:

KeepingChineseCulturalColors……………………………………………….……15

Principle3:

MakingEnglishReadersUnderstandtheMeaninginAnyPossibleWay……………16

A.LiteralTranslation…………………………………………………………………...………16

B.LiberalTranslation………………………………………………………………………..…16

C.LiteralTranslationwithExplanations…………………………………………………….…17

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………..……17

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………….…….…18

Introduction

Languageisthemostimportantcommunicativetoolofallhumanbeings.Itplaysitsroleasnotonlythecarrierandformofculturebutalsothemostvitalelementoftransmissionandinheritanceofculture.Languageofanykindisthecrystallizationofthecultureofitsownnation.Asthecreamoftheculture,theidiomisakindofwidespreadsetphrasesorsentences,withspecificimplications,abstractedfromthespokenlanguageandexperienceofthepeopleandtheclassicalworks.Duetoitsvividimageandprofoundconnotation,theidiomisdeeplylovedbythemasses,asamemberwithfineexpressibleabilityinthefamilyoflanguage.Idiomsfrequentlyappearinthespokenlanguageandliteraryworks.Chineseidiomshaveasolidculturalbasetotakeroot,developandflourishnowthattheChinesenation

hasbroadandprofoundculture.

Nowadays,theinternationalstatusofChinaisupgradinggradually.PeopleallovertheworldtakedelightinacquaintingthemselveswithChineseculture.AstheessenceofChinesecultureandthecrystallizationofthewisdomofthecommonChinesepeople,idiomsareboundtobecomeanimportantparttopromotetheChineseculturetotheknowledgeofpeopleofalltheothercountries.TheidiomisacontactpointoftheknowledgeoftheChinesecultureforpeopleallovertheworld.Tosumup,inordertomakethewesternpeoplesknowChineseculturethoroughly,thestudyoftheEnglishtranslationofChineseidiomsisquitenecessaryandoffar-reachingsignificance.

SectionOne

IntroductiontoIdioms

Idiomsarethosesetphrasesorshortsentencesabstractedfromthespokenlanguageorclassicalworks,andthelike.Theywerepasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationforcenturies.Idiomsarescientificsummaryofpeople’sexperienceandthecrystallizationofpeople’swisdom.Afterthousandsofyears’accumulation,idiomsareprovidedwithvividimages,profoundimplicationsandexquisiterhythms.

Idiomscouldmirrorthelocalcustomsandpracticesofdifferentregions,thelivingstyleofthepeople,thenaturalenvironmentandsoon.Wecouldseethattheidiomhasaverystrongcolorofitsnation.Therefore,tounderstandandstudytheidiomissupposedtostartfromitsdefinition,origin,features,andclassifications.

I.DefinitionofIdioms

Asforthedefinitionofidioms,therearevariousversionsaccordingtodifferentdictionariesandscholars.Ipickedoutsomeofthosedefinitionsfromsomeauthoritativedictionariesasfollows:

（1）Anidiomisanexpressionwhichfunctionsasasingleunitandwhosemeaningcannotbewordedoutfromitsseparateparts（LongmanDictionaryofAppliedLinguistics,1985）and

（2）Anidiomisaphrase,constructionorexpressionthatisrecognizedasaunitintheusageofagivenlanguageandeitherdiffersfromtheusualsyntacticpatternsorhasameaningthatdiffersfromtheliteralmeaningofitspartstakentogether.（Webster’sNewWorldCollegeDictionary3rdEdition,1996）

Someexperts,whohavebeenengagedinthestudyofidiomsformanyyears,alsohaveopinionsofthedefinitionofidioms.

（1）Weinreichheldtheviewthataphraseologicalunitinvolvingatleasttwopolysemousconstituents,andinwhichthereisareciprocalcontextualselectionofsubsenseswillbecalledandidiom.

（2）SchweigertandMoateshavetheideathatidiomsarecommonexpressionsusedincolloquialspeechwithaccepted,figurativemeaningsthatdifferfromtheirpresent-dayliteralmeanings.Theseabovearefromdictionariesandexpertsorscholars.Tosumup,wemaycometotheconclusionthatidiomsarethoseconciseandincisivesetphraseorshortsentences,whichmeansomethingdifferentfromtheliteralmeaningoftheindividualwords,refinedfrompeople’slong-termemployment,whoseelementscannotbechangedatrandomwithsimplewordsproducingprofoundtruth,thuswidelyspreadamongthecommonpeople.

II.OriginsofIdioms

Theformationofidiomsisonintimatetermswiththecultureofthenationwhichitslanguagerelieson.Inasense,theculturegivesbirthtotheidioms.Onthecontrary,theidiomsreflectallthefeaturesoftheculture.Eachnationhasitsownnationalculturewhichownsadistinctivestyleandtraditionthatcomeintobeinginthecourseoftheirworkandlife,includinghistory,language,custom,lifestyle,waysofthinking,andsoon.Idioms,akindoflanguageformusedbythepeopleforaverylongtime,toagreatextent,relymoreonthespecificsocialculturalconnotationsthanthecommonwords.

Idioms,havinganextremelystrongcolorofanationareoneofthemarksdifferentiatingonelanguagefromanother.Thus,theoriginoftheidiomsmaybequitevaried.

（1）TheExperienceoftheCommonPeople

Forthousandsofyears,peopledrewlessonsandexperiencefromtheirdailylife,andthenwrotethemdowntotelltheiroffspringwhattheyhadgotfromtheirexperiences.Asaresult,mostoftheidiomscouldinvariablymirroralmosteverythingrelatedtothelifeofthecommonpeople.Takethosereflectingthegeographicenvironmentofpeople’sinhabitationsasexample,Britainisacountrywithsmalllandareabutalongcoastline;

somanyEnglishidiomsarerelevanttotheocean.PeopleinBritainalwayscomparefishtothepeople.Forexample,theyuse‘coldfish’todescribeapersonwhoisindifferenttosomethingand‘feellikeafishoutofwater’toexpressafeelingthatisuncomfortableandunnatural.

Peoplealwayswrotedownthelessonstheygotfromtheirexperience,justastheidiom‘whohasnevertastedbitterknowsnotwhatissweet’tellingthepeopleifyoudon’tundergohardships,youwillneverknowwhathappinessis.

Atthebeginningofhumansociety,owingtothelowproductivityandlackoffurtherknowledgeofmostcommonphenomenaofthesocietyatcertainstage,peoplealwaysheldakindofbeliefinsomeimaginarythingsorpower.Peoplebelievedthatthereexistedanotherworldintheheavenwheretheimmortalslivedandtowhichtheirancestorswouldgoafterdeath.Theyregardeditasacarefreeplacewherehappinesslivespermanently.Thus,whentheywereintroubleorsufferedfromhardships,theywouldrelytheirhopetogoodfortuneongoingtothecarefreeplaceorafterlifewhichtheyfirmlybelievedtoexist.Somanyidiomsareaboutpeople’sreligionsorbeliefs.Forinstance,thereisanidiom‘manproposes,goddisposes’.BecausepeopleinthewesterncountriesconsiderthatGodisalmighty,andhumanbeingsarepaltrybeforeGod.‘Aspooraschurchmouse’indicatesthatsomebodyisaspoorasthemouseinthechurchwhereeverythinghadbeenwashedclean.