北京16大景点中英文对照Word文件下载.docx
《北京16大景点中英文对照Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《北京16大景点中英文对照Word文件下载.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览，收藏有大量古代艺术珍品，是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。
1.TheImperialPalace
TheImperialPalace,alsoknownastheForbiddenCity,islocatedinthecenterofBeijingCity,1kmnorthfromtheTiananmenSquare,rightoppositethesouthgateofJingshanMountain.OutsidetheImperialPalaceliesamoat,ontheinnersideofwhichthere’sthecitywallwhoseperimeteris3kmwithaheightofnearly10meters.Thewallhasonegateoneachside:
theMeridianGatetothesouth,theShenwuGatetothenorth,theDonghuaGatetotheeastandtheXihuaGatetothewest;
besides,there’refourexquisitelycarveduniqueturretsstandingateachcornerofthewall.
TheForbiddenCitycanberoughlydividedintotwoparts:
thesouthernpart,theworkingarea,iscalled“theoutercourt”andthenorthernpart,thelivingarea,isregardedas“theimperialpalace”.AlltheconstructionsoftheImperialPalacearearrangedorderlyonthecentralaxiswitheast-westsymmetry.TothenorthofthelivingareaisthesmallbutuniqueImperialGardenwheretheroyalfamilyamusethemselves.
Nowadays,somepalacesintheForbiddenCityhavebeenequippedwithcomprehensiveexhibitionswhereabundantancientarttreasuresarecollected.TheNationalPalaceMuseumisthemuseumthatcollectsthemostculturalrelicsinChina.
2.天坛公园
天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。
天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。
北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。
这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。
外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门——圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门（也称天坛门）。
而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。
内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。
2.TheTempleofHeaven
LocatedinsouthernBeijingCity,theTempleofHeavenistheplacewheretheemperorsofMingandQingDynastiesworshipedHeavenandprayedforbumpercrops.TheTempleofHeaveniscomprisedoftheCircularMoundAltarandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests,andthere’retwowalls,theinneroneandtheouterone,surroundingtheTempleofHeaven.Withnorthwallbeingcircularandthesouthonesquareasitintersectswiththeeastandwestwallsatrightangles,they’regiventhename“theHeavenandEarthWalls”,representingHeavenandEarth,forinancientChina,peoplebelievedthatHeavenwasroundandEarthwassquare.Thereisnogateattheeast,southandnorthsideoftheouterwallandtheonlytwogatesareatthewestside,whicharetheCircularMoundAltarGateandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsGate,alsoknownastheTiantanGate.While,theinnerwallissurroundedbyfourgates,eachoneateachside.InsidethetemplearethealtarandtheHallofAbstinence,andtheyareseparatedbyacrosswalltrendingeast-west,tothesouthofwhichistheCircularMoundAltarandtothenorthistheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests.
3.颐和园
颐和园坐落于北京西郊，是中国古典园林之首，总面积约290公顷，由万寿山和昆明湖组成。
全园分3个区域：
以仁寿殿为中心的政治活动区；
以玉澜堂、乐寿堂为主体的帝后生活区；
以万寿山和昆明湖组成的风景旅游区。
3.TheSummerPalace
LocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing,theSummerPalacewhichisregardedasthemosttypicalChineseclassicalgardeniscomposedbytheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake,coveringatotalareaofabout290hectares.Thewholepalaceismainlydividedinto3areas:
thepoliticalactivitiesareawiththeHallofBenevolenceandLongevityasthecenter;
theroyallivingarea,theHallofJadeRipplesandtheHallofHappinessandLongevity;
thescenicareawhichconsistsoftheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake.
4.圆明园
圆明园坐落在北京西郊，毗邻颐和园，由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，是清朝帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑。
圆明园不仅以园林著称，而且也是一座收藏丰富的皇家博物馆，园内各殿堂内陈列有许多国内外稀世文物，园中文源阁是全国四大皇家藏书楼之一，藏有《四库全书》、《古今图书集成》、《四库全书荟要》等珍贵图书文物。
不幸的是，这一世界名园在19世纪末期惨遭英法联军的劫掠和焚毁，以后又经历了无数次毁灭和劫掠，最终沦为一片废墟。
4.TheYuanmingyuanImperialGarden
SituatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijingandadjoiningtheSummerPalace,theYuanmingyuanImperialGarden,comprisedbyYuanming,ChangchunandYichunGardens,isalargeroyalgardenconstructedandoperatedbytheemperorsofQingDynastywithinmorethan150yearssinceemperorKangxicametopower.NotonlyistheYuanmingyuanImperialGardenfamousforitsgardens,it’salsoaroyalmuseumthathasarichcollectionofrareculturalrelicsofhomeandabroad.Asoneofthefourroyallibrariesacrossthenation,theWenyuanChamber,alsoknownastheImperialLibrary,collectsmanypreciousbooks,e.g.TheSiKuQuanShu,CollectionofAncientandModernBooks,theSiKuQuanShuAbstract.However,unfortunately,aftertheAnglo-FrenchAlliedForceplunderedandburneddownthegardeninlate20thcenturyandnumerousdestructionsbyotherinvaders,thisworld-famousgardenwasreducedtonothingbutruins.
5.鼓楼、钟楼
鼓楼位于北京市中轴线上的地安门外大街，与钟楼一起在元、明、清时为北京全城报时中心，1990年起，鼓楼和钟楼在每年除夕和正月初一时恢复鸣钟击鼓。
站在鼓楼上可以看到整个后海及地安门大街的热闹繁华，登上钟楼向北可见北京的中轴线沿线建筑，天气晴朗的时候可以望到远处的鸟巢及水立方。
鼓楼和钟楼的东西两侧则是保存完整的胡同区，可以看到整齐的院落及天空中带着鸣哨的鸽子群。
5.TheBellTowerandtheDrumTower
LocatedattheDi’anmenOuterStreetonthecentralaxisofBeijingCity,theDrumTowertogetherwiththeBellTowerwerethetimeservicecenterofBeijingCitybackinYuan,MingandQingDynasties.In1990,thegovernmentdecidedtorecoverthebellstrikinganddrumbeatingoneveryNewYear’EveandNewYear’sDayoftheChineselunarcalendar.StandingontheDrumTower,youcanfeelthelivelinessandprosperityofHouhaiandtheDi’anmenAvenue.WhileontheBellTower,rightinfrontofyoureyesarethoseconstructionsalongsidethecentralaxisofBeijingCityandwhentheweatherisclear,youcanevenseetheBird’sNestandtheWaterCubefardistanceaway.AttheeastandwestsidesoftheBellTowerandtheDrumTowerarethewell-conservedHutongneighborhoodswherethere’reorderlyarrangedcourtyardsandpigeonswearingwhistles.
6.天安门广场
在长安街南侧，北京城的传统中轴线上，座落着世界上最大的广场——天安门广场，广场中心为人民英雄纪念碑，继续向南穿过毛主席纪念堂就到了正阳门，也就是人们常说的前门。
广场的西侧是人民大会堂，东侧是国家博物馆。
在广场的对面，长安街的北侧即是天安门城楼，城楼下是波光粼粼的金水河。
每天的清晨和傍晚，天安门广场都会举行隆重严肃的升降旗仪式，对于初到北京的人来说，观看一场升降旗仪式是必不可少的一件事。
6.TheTiananmenSquare
AtthesouthsideofChangAnAvenueandonthetraditionalcentralaxisofBeijingCitylocatestheTiananmenSquare,theworld’slargestsquare.InthecenterofthesquarestandstheMonumentofthePeople‘sHeroes,tothesouthofwhichistheChairmanMaoMemorialHall,andcrossthehallyou’llarriveattheZhengyangGatewhichismorefrequentlyreferredtobypeopleasQianmen.TheGreatHallofthePeopleliesonthewestsideofthesquareandontheeastsideistheNationalMuseum.Rightoppositethesquare,namely,thenorthsideofChangAnAvenueistheTiananmenGateTowerbeneathwhichflowstheglisteningGoldenStream.EverymorningandduskwitnessesagrandandsolemnflagraisingandloweringceremonyandthosewhocometoBeijingforthefirsttimedefinitelydon’twanttomisstheflagraisingceremony.
7.明十三陵
明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝的墓葬群，位于昌平区天寿山南麓，距市区约50km。
明十三陵由13个独立的陵墓组成为一个统一的整体。
每座陵墓分别建于一座山前，陵墓规格大同小异，陵与陵之间少至0.5km，多至8km。
已开放的景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵和神道（神路）。
7.TheMingTombs
SituatedatthesouthfootoftheTianshouMountaininChangpingDistrictwhichisabout50kmawayfromthecitycenter,theMingTombsarethegravesofthe13emperorsofMingDynastyafterthecapitalofMingDynastywasmovedfromNanjingtoBeijing.It’saunifiedentiretycomposedby13independenttombs.Everytombwasbuiltinthefrontofamountain,buttheirsizesarequitedifferentfromeachother.There’satleastadistanceof0.5kmand8kmatmostbetweeneachtwotombs.ChanglingMausoleum,DinglingMausoleum,ZhaolingMausoleumandShendaoMausoleumarethetombsthathavebeenopenedtobescenicspots.
8.万里长城
中国万里长城是世界上修建时间最长，工程量最大的冷兵器战争时代的国家军事性防御工程，凝聚着我们祖先的血汗和智慧，是中华民族的象征和骄傲。
长城全长大约6700公里，通称“万里长城”。
长城的修建持续了两千多年，根据历史记载，从公元前七世纪楚国筑“方城”开始，至明代，共有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。
其中秦、汉、明三个朝代长城的长度都超过了5000公里。
长城的主体工程是绵延万里的高大城墙，大都建在山岭最高处，沿着山脊把蜿蜒无尽的山势勾画出清晰的轮廓，塑造出奔腾飞跃、气势蓬勃的巨龙，从而成为中华民族的象征。
在万里长城上，分布着百座雄关、隘口，成千上万座敌台、烽火台，既打破了城墙的单调感，又使高低起伏的地形更显得雄奇险峻，充满巨大的艺术魅力。
都说不到长城非好汉，我们这些生长在长城脚下的子民，没有理由不去长城瞻仰膜拜吧？
推荐登长城地点：
著名长城：
八达岭长城、居庸关长城
这类长城是团队游客必到的北京经典景点，修缮的比较好，却也每个毛孔都透着“新”气，每年的游客络绎不绝，节假日时更是人满为患。
“野”长城：
慕田峪长城、司马台长城、箭扣长城、黄花城水长城、古北口长城、金山岭长城、白岭关长城、石峡关长城、沿河城长城等。
这类长城大多深藏在荒山野岭，虽惨败破落，却别有一番沧桑、肃杀的味道，而且这些长城所倚山势多险峻壮观，不少路段山体近垂直陡峭，景观震撼。
但攀爬野长城需注意自身安全，并注意环保和保护野长城。
8.TheGreatWall
Asthenationalmilitarydefensiveprojectincoldweaponerathattookthelongestperiodoftimetobuildandwiththelargestprojectamountintheworld,theGreatWallofChina,imbuedwiththeblood,sweatandingenuityofourancestors,isthesymbolandprideoftheChinesenation.Withatotallengthofabout6700km,it’scalled“theGreatWall”.Basedonhistoricalrecords,ChuStatefirstbuiltthewall“Fangcheng”in700BCandtheconstructionneverendeduntilMingDynasty,theconstructionoftheGreatWalllastedforovertwothousandyearsduringwhichmorethan20kingdomsandfeudaldynastiesoncetookpartinbuildingtheGreatWall.InQin,HanandMingDynasties,thelengthofthewallwereallmorethan5000km.ThemajorpartoftheGreatWallisthetallwallextendingforthousandsofmiles,mostofwhichwerebuiltonthehighestpointofthemountainridges.TheGreatWalls,likealeapinggiantdragonfullofmomentum,sketchesalegibleoutlineoftheendlesswindingmountainsalongsidethoseridges,thereforebecomingthesymboloftheChinesenation.Hundredsofimpregnablepassesandbarriers,andthousandsofenemytowersandsmoketowersaredistributedontheGreatWall,whichnotonlymakestheGreatWallnotthatmonotonousbutalsoemphasizesgrandnessandsteepnessofthealreadyprecipitouslandform,fullofartisticcharm.
HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman,thusthere’snoreasonforpeoplewholiveatthefootoftheGreatWallnottoworshipit.
RecommendedplacestoclimbtheGreatWall:
Famous
升级会员 