同等学力考研英语-阅读理解-初级班-模拟题(含新题型)Word格式.doc

同等学力考研英语-阅读理解-初级班-模拟题(含新题型)Word格式.doc

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Shoppersalreadyknowthateverydayitems,likemilk,areinvariablyplacedtowardthebackofastoretoprovidemoreopportunitiestotemptcustomers.Butsupermarketsknowshoppersknowthis,sotheyuseothertricks,likeplacingpopularitemshalfwayalongasectionsothatpeoplehavetowalkallalongtheaislelookingforthem.Theideaistoboost“dwelltime”:

thelengthoftimepeoplespendinastore.

Traditionallyretailersmeasure“footfall”,asthenumberofpeopleenteringastoreisknown,butthosenumberssaynothingaboutwherepeoplegoandhowlongtheyspendthere.Butnowadays,apieceoftechnologycanfillthegap:

themobilephone.PathIntelligence,aBritishcompanytrackedpeople’sphonesatGunwharfQuays,alargeretailcentreinPortsmouth-notbymonitoringcalls,butbyplottingthepositionsofhandsetsastheytransmitautomaticallytocellularnetworks.Itfoundthatwhendwelltimerose1%salesrose1.3%.

Suchtechniquesareincreasinglypopularbecauseofadeepeningunderstandingabouthowshoppersmakechoices.Peopletellmarketresearchersthattheymakerationaldecisionsaboutwhattobuy,consideringthingslikeprice,selectionorconvenience.Butsubconsciousforces,involvingemotionandmemories,areclearlyalsoatwork.

21.InParagraph2,“decompressionzone”istheareameantto_____.

A.offershoppersaplacetohavearest

B.prepareshoppersforthemoodofbuying

C.encourageshopperstotrynewproducts

D.provideshopperswithdiscountinformation

22.Puttingfruit-and-vegetablesectionneartheentrancetakesadvantageofshoppers’_____

A.commonsenseB.shoppinghabits

C.concernswithtimeD.shoppingpsychology

23.PathIntelligenceusesatechnologyto_____.

A.counthowmanypeopleenterastore

B.measurehowlongpeoplestayatastore

C.findoutwhatpeoplebuyinastore

D.monitorwhatpeoplesayanddoinastore

24.WhathappenedatGunwharfQuaysshowedthatsales_____.

A.wasindirectproportiontodwelltime

B.wasreverselylinkedtodwelltime

C.wasaffectedmorebyfootfallthanbydwelltime

D.wasaffectedmorebydwelltimethanbyfootball

25.Theauthorarguesthatshoppers_____.

A.exertmoreinfluenceonstoresthantheyimagine

B.aremorelikelytomakerationalchoicesthantheyknow

C.tendtomakemoreemotionaldecisionsthantheythink

D.havemorecontroloverwhattheybuythantheyassume

26.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____.

A.NewTechnologyBoostsStores’Sales

B.HowShoppersMakeChoicesinStores

C.RationalandIrrationalWaysofShopping

D.TheSciencebehindStores’Arrangements

BDBACD

PassageTwo

Averyimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.

Sowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?

Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownas“DeathControl”.Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm“BirthControl”.“DeathControl”issomethingratherdifficult.Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthatincludefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseases,wehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.However,thissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.

Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulation,webegintoseetheproblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremetres.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthree-fifthsoftheworld’slandcannotproducefood.

Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!

Instead,weareconsumingits“capital”-itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades.Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewablesuchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.

Itisaverycommonbeliefthattheproblemsofthepopulationexplosionarecausedmainlybypoorpeoplelivinginpoorcountrieswhodonotknowenoughtolimittheirreproduction.Thisisnottrue.Theactualnumberofpeopleinanareaisnotasimportantastheeffecttheyhaveonnature.Developingcountriesdohaveaneffectontheirenvironment,butitisthepopulationsofrichercountriesthathaveafargreaterimpactontheearthasawhole.

27.Accordingtothearticle,whatcontributestothepopulationincrease?

A.Birthexplosion.B.BirthControl

C.DeathControl.D.Technologicalinnovations.

28.Theword“incurable”inParagraph2means_____.

A.commonB.epidemicC.untreatableD.unknown

29.Thereisn’tenoughlandtosupporthumanbeingsbecause_____.

A.therearemoreseasthanlandintheworld

B.mostoftheworld’slandisunusable

C.theworld’slandhasalreadybeentakenup

D.theworld’slandisnotdistributedequally

30.InParagraph4thewriterimpliesthatfertilesoilsare_____.

A.limitedB.renewableC.productiveD.nonrenewable

31.Whatdoes“tolimittheirreproduction”isthelastparagraphmean?

A.Tocontroldeath.B.Toproducelessgoods.

C.Toincreaseproduction.D.Topracticebirthcontrol.

32.Whatdoyouthinkthewriterisreallyconcernedabout?

A.Longlifespans.

B.Populationincrease.

C.Overuseofresources.

D.Thesuccessof“DeathControl”.

CCBDDB

PassageThree

Drinkingwastewater?

Theideamaysounddistasteful,butnewfederallyfundedresearchsaysmoreAmericansaredoingso-whethertheyknowornot-andthisreusewillbeincreasinglynecessaryastheU.S.populationexpands.

Treatedwastewaterposesnogreaterhealthrisksthanexistingwatersuppliesand,insomecases,maybeevensafertodrink,accordingtoareportreleasedbytheNationalResearchCouncil,"

Webelievewaterreuseisanoptiontodealwithgrowingwaterscarcity,especiallyincoastalareas,"

saysJorgDrowes,anengineeringprofessorattheColoradoSchoolofMines."

Thiscanbedonereliablywithoutputtingthepublicatrisk,"

hesays,citingtechnologicaladvances.Hesaysit'

sawastenottoreusethenation'

swastewater,becausealmostallofitistreatedbeforedischarge.Thiswaterincludesstormrunoff（径流）aswellasusedwaterfromhomes,businessesandfactories.

Inmanyplaces,thereportsays,thepublicdoesnotrealizeit'

sdrinkingwaterthatwastreatedafterbeingdischargedaswastewatersomewhereupstream.Forexample,wastewaterdischargedintotheTrinityRiverfromDallas/FortWorthflowssouthintoLakeLivingston,thesourceforHouston'

sdrinkingwater.

Despitethegrowingimportanceofthisreuse,thereportsaysthere'

sbeennosystemicanalysisofitsextentnationwidesincea1980studybytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）.AlanRobersonoftheAmericanWaterWorksAssociationsayswastewaterreuseiscommon,sothecouncil'

sreportisimportantbutnotsurprising.Robersonexpectsthisrecyclingwillcontinuetoincrease,especiallyforirrigationandindustrialneeds.Hesaysitwilltakelongertoestablishpotable（适于饮用的）usesbecauseofpublicnervousnessaboutdrinkingwastewater,howevertreated.

"

Wehavetodosomethingtoaddresswaterscarcity,"

saysOlgaNaidenko,aseniorscientistatthenon-profitEnvironmentalWorkingGroup."

Lessthan10%ofpotablewaterisusedfordrinking,cooking,showeringordishwashing.Weflushitdownthetoilet,literally."

Technologiesexisttosafelytreatthewater,shesays,althoughsomeareexpensive.

Thereportsayswaterreuseprojectstendtocostmorethanmostwaterconservationoptionsbutlessthanseawaterdesalination（脱盐）andothersupplyalternatives.ItcallsontheEPAtodeveloprulesthatsetsafenationalstandards.

33.AscanbelearnedfromParagraph1,drinkingwastewater________

A.istobecomeagrowingnecessity

B.iswellreceivedbytheAmericans

C.hascausedheatedpublicdebates

D.hasbecomethedominantoption

34.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldJorgDrewesagreeto?

A.Water