口腔专业英语词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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AdamsClaspAcircumferentialretentionclasp(see"
crib,"
)designedbyC.PhilipAdamstostabilizeremovableappliancesbymeansofpointcontactwiththemesio-anddisto-buccalundercutsofindividualbuccalteeth.
AdolescentDentitionThedentitionthatispresentafterthenormallossofallprimaryteethandPRIORtocessationofgrowththatwouldaffectorthodontictreatment.
AdultDentitionThedentitionthatispresentaftercessationofgrowththatwouldaffectorthodontictreatment.
AlginateAnirreversiblehydrocolloidconsistingofsaltsofalginicacid(anextractofmarinekelp).Usedtomakeimpressionsfordentalcasts.
AlveolarboneThebonethatsurroundsandsupportstherootsoftheteeth.
AlveolarprocessTheunshapedridgeofmaxillaryormandibularalveolarbonethatsurroundsandsupportstherootsoftheteeth.
AmericanAssociationofOrthodontistsUndefinedatthemoment
AmericanBoardofOrthodonticsTherecognizedcertifyingBoardforthespecialtyoforthodontics.SeeBoard.
AnalogimageComputerenteredimageobtaineddirectlyfromaradiographorphotographbeforedigitization.Theseimagesarelimitedbytheresolutionofthefirstimage.
AnchorageReceptor(s)ofresponsiveforce(s)deliveredasaresultoftheactivationofanorthodonticororthopedicappliance;
bydefinition,displacementordeformationofanchorageisgenerallyundesirable.
CervicalanchorageReceptorofresponsiveforce,fromanactivation,(primarily)extraoralappliance,thatisthebackoftheneck.
CranialanchorageReceptorofresponsiveforce,fromanactivated,(primarily)extraoralappliance,thatistheposteriorandsuperiorportionsofthehead.
ExtraoralanchorageReceptor(s)ofresponsiveforce(s),deliveredbyranactivated,orthodonticororthopedicappliance,locatedoutsidetheoralcavity.
IntraoralanchorageReceptor(s)ofresponsiveforce(s),deliveredbyanactivatedorthodonticororthopedicappliance,locatedwithintheoralcavity.
OccipitalanchorageReceptorofresponsiveforce,fromanactivated,primarilyextraoralappliance,thatistheoccipitalregionofthehead.
AnchoragepreparationToplaceteethinsuchapositionthatifonetoothmovesallteethmoveinabodilydirection.
AndresenapplianceSeeActivator
AngleClassificationofmalocclusionAclassicgrossclassificationofmalocclusionintroducedbyEdwardH.Angle.Thegoverningcriterionistheanteroposteriorrelationshipofupperandlowerfirstmolars.Notrecognizedarethemanyotherseriousmalrelationshipsrelatedtotheanteroposterioraxis,thosethatarerelatedtothelateralorverticalaxisandthoseamongteethofthesamearch.SomeofthecommonorthodonticproblemsnotrecognizedbytheAngleclassificationincludebuccolingualcrossbites,cuspidrelationships,crowding,spacing,missingorimpactedteeth,rotationsandoverbite."
Divisions"
areusedinClassII,basedoninclinationofmaxillaryincisors."
Subdivisions"
areusedtodescribeunilateralmalocclusioncharacteristicsoftheaffectedposteriorsegmentalrelationships.
ClassImalocclusionAmalocclusioninwhichthemesiobuccalcuspofthemaxillaryfirstmolaroccludesinthebuccalgrooveofthemandibularmolar."
ClassI"
issometimesincorrectlyusedasasynonymfornormalocclusion,whereasitsignifiesonlyanormalsagittalrelationshipofupperandlowerteethastheymeet.
ClassIImalocclusionAdistal(posterior)placementofthemandibular(lower)molar,mesial(anterior)relationshipofthemaxillary(upper),oracombinationofthetwo.Themesiobuccalcuspoftheupperfirstmolaroccludesmesialtothebuccalgrooveofthelower,usuallyneartheembrasurebetweenthelowermolarandsecondbicuspid.
Division1.AClassIImolarrelationshipwithproclinedupperincisorswithrespecttothelowerincisors.
Division2.AClassIImolarrelationship,usuallywiththeuppercentralincisorstippedlingually,theupperlateralincisorstippedlabially,andanexcessiveoverbite.
ClassIIImalocclusionMesial(anterior)relationshipofthelowerfirstmolartotheupper,aretrudedrelationshipoftheupperfirstmolartothelower,oracombinationofthetwo.Themesiobuccalcuspoftheupperfirstmolarwilltypicallyoccludeneartheembrasurebetweenthelowerfirstandsecondmolars.
AngleoftwistThemeasureoftorsional(third-order)deformationofashaftoranorthodonticwire.
AnkylosisAbnormalimmobility,unionorfusion.Mayoccurbetweentwobonesattheirarticulation(i.e.,TMJ)orbetweenteethandalveolarbone.Insuchacase,theperiodontalligamentisobliteratedbya'
bonybridge'
andthetoothrootisfusedtothealveolarbone.Dentalankylosispreventsbotheruptionandorthodonticmovement.Inagrowingchild,anankylosedtoothappearsto'
submerge'
asadjacentunaffectedteethcontinuetheirnormalpatternoferuption.
AnodontiaCongenitalabsenceofteeth.
AntegonialnotchAconcavityusuallypresentinthelowerborderofthemandible,immediatelyanteriortotheangleofthemandible.Adeeperthannormalantegonialnotchmaybeindicativeofmandibularunderdevelopment.
AnteriorcranialbaseTheanterioraspectofthefloorofthecranialvault,commonlydelimitedcephalometricallybySeliaTurcicaandNasion.
AnteriorNasalSpinePointedbonyprocessattheinferiormarginofthepiriformaperture.Incephalometricradiography,thetipisoftenusedtodefinetheanteriorendofthepalatalplane.
AnteroposteriorTheglobaldirectionperpendiculartothecoronalplaneofthedentofacialcomplex;
theanteriordirection/senseisforward,andtheposteriordirection/senseisrearward.
AnthropometryMeasurementofthehumanbodyanditsparts.
ApicalBaseMaxillaryandmandibularbonethatsupportsandiscontinuouswiththealveolarprocesses;
(alsoseebasalbone).Althoughthedemarcationbetweenalveolarandbasalboneisnotspecific,itisgenerallythoughttolieattheleveloftheapicesoftheroots.
ApplianceAnydevicedesignedtoinfluencetheshapeand/orfunctionofthestomatognathicsystem.
FixedapplianceAbondedorbandedapplianceaffixedtoindividualteethorgroupsofteeth.
OrthodonticapplianceAnydeviceusetoinfluencethegrowthorpositionofteeth.
RemovableapplianceAnappliancenotfixedtoteethandremovablefromthemouth.
OrthopedicapplianceAnydeviceusedtoinfluencethegrowthorpositionofbones.
FunctionalapplianceAnydevice,removableorfixed,designedprimarilytoeffectskeletaland/ordentalchangesbymodifyingandutilizingtheneuromuscularforcesofthestomatognathicsystem.(i.e.,activator,bionator)
ArchCollectively,theteethorbasalboneofeitherjaw.
AlveolarArchTheU-shapedalveolarbonethatsurroundsthedentitionofeitherjaw.
DentalArchThearcadeofteethineitherjaw.
BasalArchTheU-shapedbasalboneofeitherjaw.
ArchformTheshapeofanindividualdentalarchorofanarchwire(qv)formedtofitorshapethatarch.
ArchlengthAmeasurementofavailableandrequiredspaceneededtoaligntheteeth.
ArchlengthdeficiencyDifferencebetweenavailableandrequiredspacetoaligntheteeth.(SeeDiscrepancy)
ArchwireorarchwireAwireengagedinorthodonticattachments,affixedtothecrownsoftwoormoreteeth,andcapableofcausingorguidingtoothmovement.
ContinuousarchwireAwirethatengagesorcouldengage,throughcrownattachments,alloftheeruptedteethinthemaxillaryormandibulardentalarch.
SectionalorsegmentalarchwireAnarchwirethatengages,throughcrownattachments,onlyafewteeth(e.g.,onlythefourincisorsoronlyaposteriordentalsegment)
ArticulareThepointofintersectionofthedorsalcontourofthemandibularcondyleandthetemporalbone,asviewedonthelateralcephalometricfilm.(Bjork)
ASCIIAmericanStandardCodeforInformationandInterchangeisoneofthestandardformatsforrepresentingcharacters.Itisusefulwhenfilesaresharedbetweenprograms.AtextfileisinASCIIformat.
AvailableenergyEnergyretainedinabodyowingtoexistingdeformationalorthermalconstraintsthat,uponreleaseoftheconstraints,wouldbetransferredfromthebodyandcouldbecontrolledtoproduceadesiredeffect.
AxisofrotationThelineinabody(orinanextensionofthebody)aboutwhichthebodyhasorappearstohaverotatedinanontranslationaldisplacement.
-B-
BSeePointB
BalancingSideAtermusedforthestudyofocclusion;
i.e.,forthenon-functionalsidewhenthemandibleisshiftedlaterally.
Band(orthodontic)Athinmetalring,usuallystainlesssteel,whichservestosecureorthodonticattachmentstoatooth.Theband,withorthodonticattachmentsweldedorsolderedtoit,iscloselyadaptedtofitthecontoursofthetoothandthencementedintoplace.
BasalBoneThebonethatunderlies,supports,andiscontinuouswith