大学英语四级词汇前后缀文档格式.doc
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age表状态,性质,行为breakage破损shortage缺乏
al(adj)具有…性质的,如…的personal个人的regional地区的
al(n)表动作,人,事物proposal提案professional专业人员
ance,ence表状态,行为,性质importance重要性confidence自信
ancy,ency表状态,行为,性质constancy一惯性urgency紧迫性
ant,ent表人,物,行为applicant申请人correspondent通信者
arian表各种年龄,派别,主义,职业的人humanitarian人道主义的utilitarian功利主义者
crat支持,参与者democrat民主人士bureaucrat官僚
dom表性质,状态,行为freedom自由wisdom智慧
ee表动物的承受者employee雇员trainee受训练的人
eer从事…的人pioneer开拓者volunteer志愿者
en(v)使变成harden使硬shorten使短
en(adj)有…质的,似…的golden金色的woolen毛的
er,or表人,物singer歌唱家survivor幸存者
ery表状态,性质,行为,活动地点nursery托儿所robbery掠夺slavery奴隶身份
ese某国(地)的,某国(地)的人及语言Chinese中国人(汉语)Portuguese葡萄牙人(语)
ess表女性,雌性hostess女主人actress女演员
ful充满…的,具有…性质的cupful一满杯fearful可怕的
hood表身份,状况,性质neighborhood邻里manhood男子气概
ic,ical类似…的,具有…的heroic英雄般的logical合逻辑的<
B
ify使成…,使…化magnify放大purify提纯
ion,tion表情况,状态,性质,行为fashion时髦decision决定
ish似…的,有…的selfish自私的childish儿童般的
ism表示……主义,行为,…学,…派realism现实主义tourism旅游fatalism宿命;
论modernism现代派
ist从事…工作的人socialist社会主义者dentist牙科医生
ity表行为,性质,状态unity团结一致maturity成熟性
ive有…性质的,有…作用的,属于…protective保护的productive生产的;
active积极主动的
ize,ise,yze,yse以…方式对待,…化realize实现analyze分析modernize现代化
less没有…的fearless无畏的useless无用的
let小booklet小册子leaflet传单
like有…性质的,像…的dreamlike梦一般的humanlike像人类的
logy论,研究biology生物学technology技术
ly如…的,有…特性的manly男子气的lovely可爱的
ment表行为,状态,性质movement运动management管理
ness表状态,性质darkness黑暗kindness仁慈
ous,eous,ious充满…的dangerous危险的famous著名的
ship表状况,状态,身份,技艺,技能hardship苦难doctorship博士学位;
workmanship手艺,工艺
some像…的,引起…的troublesome讨厌的lonesome孤独的
ster表示人youngster年轻人gangster歹徒
ward(s)表方向upward(s)向上outward(s)向外
y①(n)表状态,性质,行为difficulty困难victory胜利②(adj)充满,包含hairy多毛发的irony钢铁般的
第二部分
词缀
1.否定前缀
un-uncomfortable,unacceptable,unavoidable
in-incomplete,incapable,indispensable,inevitable
im-imperfect,impartial,immortal
dis-disable,disadvantage
mis-misplace,mislead,misfortune
ab-abnormal
de-deactivate,degrade
il-illegal,illiterate
ir-irregular,irrelative
mal-malfunction,malnutrition
2.trans—across(横过)through(通过)beyond(那边)fromoneplacetoanother
transient短暂的;
transplant移植(器官);
transaction交易;
transition过渡,转变
;
transitionfromAtoB;
transitionperiod;
transmit传输,传送(无线电,电视);
transmission(n)
;
alivetransmission现场直播;
culturaltransmission文化的继承;
transform完全改变…的外观/特性
transformation(常做陪衬);
transfer
传递,迁移;
translate翻译;
transport运输
3.com-,con-
1、加强语气
2、共同,一起
combine,compete,compromiseconfirm,conspicuous,concession
4.-tain
1、支撑
2、保持,维持,保留
sustain,retain,maintain
5.re-再,又,回,反
renew,reshape,refresh
6.uni-/mono-
one(一个),sole(单一的)
uniform,unique,unity;
monotonous(单调的),monopoly(垄断)
7.ex-
向外,超出
expand
extendexceed
excessiveexclusive(ly)excursion
8.pre-/pro-
前,在前
predominant
precede,previous,premise,prevalent;
proceed,prominent,propel
9.magn-
大(large)
magnify(microscope),magnificent,magnitude
10.viv-/vit-
live,life
生命,生活
vivid,survive,revive
vital,vitamin
11.inter-
在……之间
相互
intervene,interfere
12.man-
hand(手工)
manufacture,manipulate,manuscript
13.sci-
knowledge
science,scientific,consciousness
14.sub-/sus-
下,次,附属
subsidiarysubordinate(to);
sustain
15.laps滑,落
(时间)elapse,collapse
16.spec-/spic-
look
spectator,speculate,spectacular,perspective;
conspicuous
17.clud(s)-,clos-
关闭shut
conclude,include,exclusive
close
18.not
note
notify
notion(=idea)
notorious
19.homo-
same
homogeneously
20.simul-
together
Simultaneously
21.multi—
多,多倍
multiply,multitude
22.contra,contro
相反
contradiction;
contrary;
controversy
23.dict-
say,tell,speak
dictate,dictator,dictionary,verdict,predict
24.per-
through
permeate,perplex,permanent,perpetual,persistent
25.ver-
truth
verify
verdict
26.-logy
study(学习)
science
biology
psychology
27.-vert/-vers
turn
divert
advertisediversify
versatilereverse
28.-ics
作抽象名词的后缀,表学科
economics
politics
physics
29.-ist
表示“人”
pianist
geologist
typist
30.bio-
life
biography
biology
31.-ician
从事……专业的人
music→musician
32.-ism
……主义……论(抽象名词)
realism
Marxism
33.-cid
kill
suicide
insecticide
34.mort-
death
mortal
mortality
immortal
35.-scrib/-scrip
write
draw
describeinscribeprescribe
subscribe
ascribe
36.di-/du-/ambi-/bi-
two,double
dilemma/duplicate/ambiguous/bilateral
37.tri-
three
triangle
38.bene-
good,well,happily
benefit
beneficiary
39.volu/volv
roll(滚动)turn(转动)
evolution
revolution
involve
revolve
evolve
40.fer
carry(带)
produce(生产)
refer
fertile
41.phil-
love
philosophy
42.deca-
ten
decade
43.cred
believe
credible
incredible
credit
44.cent
onehundred
century
45.mill/kilo
一千,千分之一
millennium
million
kilometer
kilogram
46.dom
master,control
domaindominate,dominant,predominant
47.val
有权力,影响
valid,invalid,valuable,evaluate,prevalent(popular)
48.graph/gram
write
biography,geography
/
grammar,telegram
49.equi—
同等,相等
equivalent
equilibrium
50.bat
beat打
debatecombatbattlebatterbattery
51.seg,sect
cut
segment,segregate
sectionintersection
52.plex
折叠
perplex
complex
53.en-/-ify
make
enlarge
entitle
enrich
enablesimplifymagnify
signify
54.sym-/syn-
共同same,类似similar
sympathy
symptom
symmetry/syndrome
55path
feeling
patheticsympathy
sympathetic
56.ceed/cess/cede/cest/cur
run
proceedrecession,access,excess,successorprecede,recedeancestorcurrentcurrencyexcursion
occur
57.serv
保存,保护(protect)
conserve
preserve
58.–able,-ible
可……
respectable,imaginable
comprehensible
59.hypo-
下,在…之下
hypothesishypotension
60.–pel
推
propel,expel,repel,dispel,impel,compel
61.scend
climb
ascend
descend
62.spir
aspire,inspire,expire,respire,conspire
63.sent,sens
sentimentalsense,consensus
64.grav重
grave,gravity,aggravate
(grieve)
65.lev轻,上升
alleviate,elevate
(relieve)
66.rupt
break
bankrupt,interrupt,corrupt
第三部分
常见的前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
a-,an-,asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)
dis-dishonest,dislike
in-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregular
ne-,n-,none,neither,never
non-,noesense
neg-,neglect
un-unable,unemployment
2)表示错误的意义
male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失调)
mis-,mistake,mislead
pseudo-,pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience
3)表示反动作的意思
de-,defend,demodulation(解调)
dis-,disarm,disconnect
un-,unload,uncover
4)表示相反,相互对立意思
anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign,(排外的)
contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流)
counter-,counterreaction,counterbalance
ob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupy
with-,withdraw,withstand
2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
1)a-表示“在……之上”,“向……”
aboard,aside,
2)by-表示“附近,邻近,边侧”
bypath,bypass(弯路)
3)circum-,circu-,表示“周围,环绕,回转”
circumstance,circuit
4)de-,表示“在下,向下”
descend,degrade
5)en-,表示“在内,进入”
encage,enbed(上床)
6)ex-,ec-,es-,表示“外部,外”
exit,eclipse,expand,export
7)extra-,表示“额外”
extraction(提取)
8)fore-表示“在前面”
forehead,foreground
9)in-,il-,im-,ir-,表示“向内,在内,背于”
inland,invade,inside,import
10)inter-,intel-,表示“在……间,相互”
international,interaction,internet
11)intro-,表示“向内,在内,内侧”
introduce,introduce
12)medi-,med-,mid-,表示“中,中间”
Mediterranean,midposition
13)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外”
outline,outside,outward
14)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上”
overlook,overhead,overboard
15)post-,表示"
向后,在后边,次”
postscript(附言),
16)pre-,表示"
在前”在前面”
prefix,preface,preposition
17)pro-,表示“在前,向前”
progress,proceed,
18)sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-,表示“在下面,下”
subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement
19)super-,sur-,表示“在…..之上”
superficial,surface,superstructure
20)trans-,表示“移上,转上,在那一边”
translate,transform,transoc