ABAQUS使用例题文档格式.docx
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第六步：
设定约束
这一步实际上是第四步的后续，第四步中我们只是把“积木玩具”完全进行了搭接，而没有进行固定。
这一步的作用就是确定“积木玩具”各个分块之间相互作用的属性与关系。
对于实验来说，加载梁是牢牢固定在气体墙之上的，因此新建一个约束，属性选择“绑定”，将加载梁与砌体牢牢固定在一起。
在设定约束的时候需要几个问题要注意，两个接触面之间最好面与面大小形状一摸一样，如本例题中，加载梁明显比砌体长出一截，加载梁底面与砌体顶面不是完全重合的，如图8所示。
这时候怎么办呢？
这时候要采用拆分几何元素这项功能，如图9中红框的图标所示，最后切出的加载梁底面与砌体墙顶面刚好重合。
图7
图8
图9
切好了以后，需要选择“绑定”约束的主面和从面，主面选择梁底面，从面选择砌体顶面。
但是选择的时候两个面试重合的，因此需要先把加载梁单独选取出来选好加载梁底面，再把砌体单独选取出来选取好砌体顶面，最后再还原。
单独选取一个部件拿出来显示的操作如图10，按照图10中1，2，3步骤来做即可选取出加载梁进行单独显示。
图10
第七步：
设定荷载与边界条件
荷载与边界条件的初始图标如图11
图11
荷载，顾名思义，就是施加在构件上的荷载。
边界条件，就是构件某一部分位移状态的设定。
比如砌体底部固定于地面，此时砌体底部的边界条件就是完全固定，设定如图12。
图12
实验当中，荷载有两种，一种是施加于加载梁顶面的荷载，固定为0.5MPA，一种是施加于梁侧面的荷载，为反复作用并且增大的推拉力，以求取得砌体滞回曲线。
试验中的侧向荷载一开始是按照力控制，后面根据位移控制。
但是在有限元模拟中，只需要要通过位移控制，就可以得到的滞回曲线以及相关骨架曲线，且更简便。
因此在有限元模拟中，侧向力采用位移控制即可。
因此，ABAQUS中的荷载菜单只有一项，即加载梁顶面荷载0.5MPA。
边界条件可用于位移控制，有多项，如图13所示。
鼠标右键点击“边界条件”，选择“管理器”，得到操作菜单如图13。
图13
可以看到图13中，BC-1是在默认初始步就存在，并且一直传递下去的。
这是因为BC-1是砌体底面的固定边界条件，从初始就存在，并且持续到整个实验模拟的结束。
而s1到s12是每一步加载的位移控制，是一推一拉这样反复交替的荷载，只在当前步作用，因此后续步都关闭了，是“未激活”状态。
这就好比，试验中，将构件向推一毫米，不可能同时又保留了上一步所进行的拉0.5毫米的状态。
第八步：
设定所需要输出的数据
操作菜单如图14，一般这种拟静力的模拟只需输出“场数据”即可，历程输出是动力分析所需要的，这里不涉及到。
图14
要能够总结出滞回曲线，必须能够计算出按位移控制的受力面上受到的总和力。
因此，场输出数据的选择如图15。
图15
一定要把“合力与合力矩”选项，以及“位移/速度/加速度”中的子选项“平移和转动”选上。
在频率一项中，每N个增量的选项中设定为2。
这里的作用是每两个子步数只记录其中一个子步的结果，这样在运算步数较多，且每步的子步数较多的情况下可以有效减小计算结果的数据量，节省存储空间。
当然，此选项也可以设定为1，这样结果精度相对略高一些。
但是在步数和子步数较多的情况下，这么做意义不大。
第九步：
进行计算
鼠标右键点击“作业”，选择“新建”，自己任意命名一个任务名，如图16。
此任务就会把先前各步骤所设定好的属性“打包”，制作成一个启动项，点击运行，即可进行运算，其操作流程是鼠标右键点击“作业”——管理器——提交。
如图17。
图16
图17
当然，运行前也可以先进行数据检查，看看模型能否正常运行，如果意外中断则说明模型还有问题，无法正常计算，需要检查并修正。
第十步：
数据整理
计算完毕后，会自动跳到结果一项，你也可以再重新启动ABAQUS后，手动转至结果一项，打开想要的结果数据库，如图18。
注意图18中的四个红框，要想得到滞回曲线，必须先取的反复推拉力的作用面上受力结果。
双击“XY数据”，选择“ODB场变量输出”，再选择“唯一节点的”，最后选在“TF1”。
所谓TF1，就是totalforce1，1指代X轴方向，2指代Y轴方向，3指代Z轴方向。
在图19中，我们可以明显地了解到推拉力的作用方向是X方向，因此选择TF1。
图18
图19
把加载梁右侧受力平面的各个受力节点全部框选住，如图20
图20
这样，就可以得到该面上所有受力点的TF1数据。
然后得执行“报告”——“XY数据”
图21
全选其中所有数据，再选择菜单中的“设置”选项，选择出要输出的文件名称，得到最后的数据报告文件。
然后再以相同方式导出位移的数据。
最后用EXCEL整理位移与合力的数据，得到滞回曲线。
[1]庄茁.ABAQUS非线性有限元分析与实例[M].北京:
科学出版社,2004
[2]附录一
[3]附录二
附录一
动力弹塑性分析的材料非线性参数取值
一混凝土材料:
混凝土材料采用塑性损伤模型（Plastic-DamagedModel）
（1）.
根据GB50010-2002混凝土强度分类如下:
C25,C30,C35,C40,C45,C50,C55,C60,C65,C70,C75,C80
（1）弹性模量:
按
（2）表4.1.5,单位kN/m2
表1弹性模量
C25
C30
C35
C40
C45
C50
2.8E7
3E7
3.15E7
3.25E7
3.35E7
C55
C60
C65
C70
C75
C80
3.55E7
3.6E7
3.65E7
3.7E7
3.75E7
3.8E7
（2）泊松比,统一取0.2（参阅
（2）的4.1.8）
（3）剪切模量:
按
（2）表4.1.5中的0.4倍采用（参阅
（2）的4.1.8）.
（4）密度
（2）:
2.5T/m3
（5）单轴应力-应变关系
混凝土材料轴心抗压和轴心抗拉强度标准值按
（2）表4.1.3采用.
A:
单轴受压,其应力-应变关系方程如下（参阅
（2）C.2.1,P206）:
当
时
在0–0.7fc的应力范围为线弹性,其弹性模量按表1.大于0.7fc为塑性范围,应力-塑性应变关系如下:
B:
单轴受拉,其应力-应变关系方程如下（参阅
（2）C.2.2,P208）:
在0–ft的应力范围为线弹性,其弹性模量按表1.大于ft为塑性范围,应力-塑性应变关系如下:
据此得到下列各等级混凝土材料在拉和压屈服后的应力（kN/m2）-塑性应变关系:
*Material,Name=C25
*Concretecompressionhardening
应力（kN/m2）塑性应变
11690.,0
16700.,0.000808693
13239.8,0.00233739
9841.27,0.00386389
7674.36,0.0053464
6248.49,0.00680245
5255.01,0.00824305
4527.98,0.00967414
3974.73,0.011099
3540.4,0.0125197
*Concretetensionstiffening
1797.8,0
1780.,0.000025515
1191.06,0.000135635
859.483,0.000236563
684.527,0.000331898
576.455,0.000424844
502.469,0.000516573
448.233,0.000607596
406.519,0.000698173
373.278,0.000788446
131.57,0.00355876
*Material,Name=C30
14070.,0
20100.,0.000801898
14636.6,0.00245591
10073.3,0.00407992
7500.85,0.00563756
5931.13,0.00716179
4889.86,0.00866839
4153.49,0.0101648
3607.,0.011655
3186.09,0.0131409
2030.1,0
2010.,0.0000282563
1232.19,0.00014944
849.073,0.000257466
660.524,0.000359008
548.371,0.000458002
473.404,0.000555757
419.357,0.000652815
378.298,0.00074944
345.892,0.000845777
118.271,0.00380631
*Material,Name=C35
16380.,0
23400.,0.000789431
15814.6,0.00256253
10267.4,0.00427092
7408.77,0.00589395
5749.74,0.00747891
4682.74,0.00904507
3943.69,0.0106008
3403.29,0.0121503
2991.69,0.0136956
2222.,0
2200.,0.0000301427
1253.05,0.000160189
834.315,0.000273466
638.442,0.000379668
524.938,0.000483255
450.278,0.000585609
397.041,0.000687284
356.924,0.000788541
325.457,0.000889524
109.188,0.00399589
*Material,Name=C40
18760.,0
26800.,0.000764814
16909.7,0.00265856
10469.9,0.00444614
7378.84,0.00613068
5650.07,0.0077733
4562.41,0.0093962
3819.83,0.0110085
3282.34,0.0126144
2876.02,0.0142164
2413.9,0
2390.,0.0000309422
1263.67,0.000170079
815.537,0.000288349
615.229,0.000398993
501.733,0.000506966
428.08,0.000613712
376.039,0.000719794
337.082,0.000825474
306.681,0.00093089
101.338,0.00417611
*Material,Name=C45
20720.,0
29600.,0.00075015
17743.1,0.00273782
10639.8,0.00458359
7386.84,0.00631443
5609.46,0.00800122
4506.18,0.00966788
3759.48,0.0113239
3222.27,0.0129737
2817.97,0.0146195
2535.1,0
2510.,0.0000323044
1265.87,0.000176673
802.219,0.000297743
600.343,0.000410999
487.385,0.0005216
414.624,0.000631002
363.47,0.000739759
325.314,0.000848128
295.619,0.000956244
96.8983,0.0042863
*Material,Name=C50
22680.,0
32400.,0.000739885
18515.2,0.00282136
10800.8,0.00472398
7406.35,0.00650139
5586.72,0.00823314
4469.4,0.00994455
3718.4,0.0116453
3180.69,0.0133399
2777.43,0.0150306
2666.4,0
2640.,0.0000336591
1264.64,0.000183705
786.735,0.000307738
584.088,0.000423793
472.094,0.00053722
400.477,0.000649477
350.37,0.00076111
313.124,0.00087237
284.214,0.000983389
92.4472,0.00440455
*Material,Name=C55
24850.,0
35500.,0.00072745
19297.,0.00291132
10959.8,0.00487362
7429.12,0.00670053
5569.63,0.00848036
4439.05,0.0102397
3683.89,0.0119884
3145.52,0.013731
2743.03,0.0154698
2767.4,0
2740.,0.0000352217
1261.67,0.00018927
774.457,0.000315399
571.752,0.000433514
460.697,0.000549047
390.039,0.000663442
340.767,0.000777235
304.231,0.000890669
275.923,0.00100387
89.2809,0.00449368
*Material,Name=C60
26950.,0
38500.,0.000700606
19978.3,0.00298515
11087.9,0.00500215
7444.03,0.00687342
5552.82,0.008696
4412.21,0.0104977
3654.2,0.0122888
3115.66,0.0140739
2714.07,0.0158551
2878.5,0
2850.,0.0000356383
1256.67,0.000194702
760.756,0.000323283
558.434,0.000443708
448.564,0.000561565
379.016,0.000678302
330.681,0.000794449
294.926,0.000910248
267.272,0.00102582
86.0337,0.00458981
*Material,Name=C65
29050.,0
41500.,0.000671154
20635.5,0.00305092
11227.6,0.00511681
7477.58,0.00702769
5554.81,0.00888851
4402.81,0.0107282
3640.4,0.0125572
3100.27,0.0143802
2698.31,0.0161993
2959.3,0
2930.,0.0000362462
1252.05,0.000198738
750.74,0.000328992
548.949,0.000451041
440.021,0.000570546
371.305,0.000688948
323.655,0.000806774
288.463,0.000924259
261.278,0.00104152
83.8153,0.00465851
*Material,Name=C70
31150.,0
44500.,0.000641177
21274.9,0.00311276
11377.9,0.00522413
7526.44,0.0071721
5571.79,0.00906881
4407.16,0.0109442
3639.02,0.0128088
3096.11,0.0146674
2692.74,0.0165221
3019.9,0
2990.,0.000036979
1248.1,0.000201847
743.23,0.000333282
541.959,0.000456512
433.772,0.000577225
365.689,0.000696855
318.553,0.000815919
283.779,0.000934649
256.941,0.00105316
82.2252,0.00470937
*Material,Name=C75
33180.,0
47400.,0.000619583
21842.2,0.00318471
11504.1,0.00534398
7565.26,0.00733259
5583.9,0.00926901
4408.93,0.0111839
3636.25,0.0130881
3091.21,0.0149862
2686.84,0.0168806
3080.5,0
3050.,0.0000377117
1243.9,0.000204919
735.834,0.000337513
535.156,0.000461909
427.722,0.000583819
360.269,0.000704663
313.639,0.000824951
279.275,0.000944913
252.774,0.00106466
80.7083,0.00475965
*Material,Name=C80
35140.,0
50200.,0.000601539
22358.2,0.00325681
11618.5,0.00546203
7601.82,0.00749032
5596.63,0.00946568
4412.34,0.0114194
3635.46,0.0133625
3088.38,0.0152995
2683.,0.0172327
3141.1,0
3110.,0.0000384437
1239.38,0.0002079
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