考研英语一试题及参考答案word完整版Word格式.docx
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hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.
To
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thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the
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ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers
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randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas
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.
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews
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by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad
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applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale
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numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere
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usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis
16
outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
Dr.Simonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone
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that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould
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byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto
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theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen
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1.[A]grants
[B]submits
[C]transmits
[D]delivers
2.[A]minor
[B]objective
[C]crucial
[D]external
3.[A]issue
[B]vision
[C]picture
[D]external
4.[A]Forexample
[B]Onaverage
[C]Inprinciple
[D]Aboveall
5.[A]fond
[B]fearful
[C]capable
[D]thoughtless
6.[A]in
[B]on
[C]to
[D]for
7.[A]if
[B]until
[C]though
[D]unless
8.[A]promote
[B]emphasize
[C]share
[D]test
9.[A]decision
[B]quality
[C]status
[D]success
10.[A]chosen
[B]studied
[C]found
[D]identified
11.[A]exceptional
[B]defensible
[C]replaceable[D]otherwise
12.[A]inspired
[B]expressed
[C]conducted
[D]secured
13.[A]assigned
[B]rated
[C]matched
[D]arranged
14.[A]put
[B]got
[C]gave
[D]took
15.[A]instead
[B]then
[C]ever
[D]rather
16.[A]selected
[B]passed
[C]marked
[D]introduced
17.[A]before
[B]after
[C]above
[D]below
18.[A]jump
[B]float
[C]drop
[D]fluctuate
19.[A]achieve
[B]undo
[C]maintain
[D]disregard
20.[A]promising
[B]possible
[C]necessary
[D]helpful
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwouldbedescribedin
Overdressed,
ElizabethCline’sthree-year
indictment
of“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&
M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&
Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;
herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&
M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;
peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.
21.
Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher
[A]poorbargainingskill.
[B]insensitivitytofashion.
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.
[D]lackofimagination.
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto
[A]combatunnecessarywaste.
[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.
[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.
[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.
23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto
[A]accusation.
[B]enthusiasm.
[C]indifference.
[D]tolerance.
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.
[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.
[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?
Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
InDecember2010America'
sFederalTradeCommission（FTC）proposedaddinga"
donottrack"
（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'
sInternetExplorerandApple'
sSafaribothofferDNT;
Google'
sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:
ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'
sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'
schiefprivacyofficer,blogger:
"
webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."
Coulditreallybethatsimple?
26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:
[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves
[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers
[D]providebetteronlineservices
27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:
[A]onlineadvertisers
[B]e-commerceconductors
[C]digitalinformationanalysis
[D]internetbrowserdevelopers
28.
BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads
[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry
[C]willnotbenefitconsumers
[D]goesagainsthumannature
29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?
[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose
[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT
[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers
[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads
30.Theauthor'
sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:
[A]indulgence
[B]understanding
[C]appreciation
[D]skepticism
Text3
Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargel
升级会员 