资格考试最新整理备考辅导考研英语精读 36.docx

资格考试最新整理备考辅导考研英语精读 36.docx

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资格考试最新整理备考辅导考研英语精读36

——教学资料参考参考范本——

【资格考试】2019最新整理--（备考辅导）考研英语精读36

______年______月______日

____________________部门

HOWTOMARKABOOK

MortimerJ.Adler

Youknowyouhavetoread"betweenthelines"togetthemostoutofanything.Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading.Iwanttopersuadeyouto"writebetweenthelines."Unlessyoudo，youarenotlikelytodothemostefficientkindofreading.

Youshouldn'tmarkupabookwhichisn'tyours.Librarians（oryourfriends）wholendyoubooksexpectyoutokeepthemclean，andyoushould.IfyoudecidethatIamrightabouttheusefulnessofmarkingbooks，youwillhavetobuythem.

Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit，justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetopossession.Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself，andthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit.Anillustrationmaymakethepointclear.Youbuyabeefsteakandtransferitfromthebutcher'siceboxtoyourown.Butyoudonotownthebeefsteakinthemostimportantsenseuntilyouconsumeitandgetitintoyourbloodstream.Iamarguingthatbooks，too，mustbeabsorbedinyourbloodstreamtodoyouanygood.

Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers——unread，untouched.（Thisindividualownswood-pulpandink，notbooks.）Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks——afewofthemreadthrough，mostofthemdippedinto，butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.（Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshisown，butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance.）Thethirdhasafewbooksormany——everyoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated，shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse，markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.（Thismanownsbooks.）

Isitfalserespect，youmayask，topreserveintactabeautifullyprintedbook，anelegantlyboundedition？

Ofcoursenot.I'dnomorescribblealloverafirsteditionof"ParadiseLost"thanI'dgivemybabyasetofcrayonsandanoriginalRembrandt！

Iwouldn'tmarkupapaintingorastatue.Itssoul，sotospeak，isinseparablefromitsbody.Andthebeautyofarareeditionorofarichlymanufacturedvolumeislikethatofpaintingorastatue.Ifyourrespectformagnificentbindingorprintinggetsintheway，buyyourselfacheapeditionandpayyourrespectstotheauthor.

Whyismarkingupabookindispensabletoreading？

First，itkeepsyouawake.（AndIdon'tmeanmerelyconscious；Imeanwideawake.）Inthesecondplace，reading，ifitisactive，isthinking，andthinkingtendstoexpressitselfinwords，spokenorwritten.Themarkedbookisusuallythethought-throughbook.Finally，writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad，orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.Letmedevelopthesethreepoints.

Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime，itmustbeactive.youcan'tletyoureyesglideacrossthelinesofabookandcomeupwithanunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.Nowanordinarypieceoflightfiction，like，say，"GonewiththeWind，"doesn'trequirethemostactivekindofreading.Thebooksyoureadforpleasurecanbereadinastateofrelaxation，andnothingislost.Butagreatbook，richinideasandbeauty，abookthatraisesandtriestoanswergreatfundamentalquestions，demandsthemostactivereadingofwhichyouarecapable.Youdon'tabsorbtheideasofJohnDeweythewayyouabsorbthecrooningofMr.Vallee.Youhavetoreachforthem.Thatyoucannotdowhileyou'reasleep.

If，whenyou'vefinishedreadingabook，thepagesarefilledwithyournotes，youknowthatyoureadactively.ThemostfamousactivereaderofgreatbooksIknowisPresidentHutchins，oftheUniversityofChicago.HealsohasthehardestscheduleofbusinessactivitiesofanymanIknow.Heinvariablyreadwithpencil，andsometimes，whenhepicksupabookandpencilintheevening，hefindshimself，insteadofmakingintelligentnotes，drawingwhathecalls"caviarfactories"onthemargins.Whenthathappens，heputsthebookdown.Heknowshe'stootiredtoread，andhe'sjustwastingtime.

But，youmayask，whyiswritingnecessary？

Well，thephysicalactofwriting，withyourownhand，bringswordsandsentencesmoresharplybeforeyourmindandpreservesthembetterinyourmemory.Tosetdownyourreactiontoimportantwordsandsentencesyouhaveread，andthequestionstheyhaveraisedinyourmind，istopreservethosereactionsandsharpenthosequestions.Youcanpickupthebookthefollowingweekoryear，andthereareallyourpointsofagreement，disagreement，doubtandinquiry.It'slikeresuminganinterruptedconversationwiththeadvantageofbeingabletopickupwhereyouleftoff.

Andthatisexactlywhatreadingabookshouldbe：

aconversationbetweenyouandtheauthor.Presumablyheknowsmoreaboutthesubjectthanyoudo；naturallyyou'llhavetheproperhumilityasyouapproachhim.Butdon'tletanybodytellyouthatareaderissupposedtobesolelyonthereceivingend.Understandingisatwo-wayoperation；learningdoesn'tconsistinbeinganemptyreceptacle.Thelearnerhastoquestionhimselfandquestiontheteacher.Heevenhastoarguewiththeteacher，onceheunderstandswhattheteacherissaying.Andmarkingabookisliterallyanexpressionofyourdifferences，oragreementsofopinion，withtheauthor.

Thereareallkindsofdevicesformarkingabookintelligentlyandfruitfully.Here'sthewayIdoit：

1.Underlining：

ofmajorpoints，ofimportantorforcefulstatements.

2.Verticallinesatthemargin：

toemphasizeastatementalreadyunderlined.

3.Star，asterisk，orotherdoo-dadatthemargin：

tobeusedsparingly，toemphasizethetenortwentymostimportantstatementsinthebook.

4.Numbersinthemargin：

toindicatethesequenceofpointstheauthormakesindevelopingasingleargument.

5.Numberofotherpagesinthemargin：

toindicatewhereelseinthebooktheauthormadepointsrelevanttothepointmarked；totieuptheideasinabook，which，thoughtheymaybeseparatedbymanypages，belongtogether.

6.Circlingofkeywordsorphrases.

7.Writinginthemargin，oratthetoporbottomofthepage，forthesakeof：

recordingquestions（andperhapsanswers）whichapassageraiseinyourmind；reducingacomplicateddiscussiontoasimplestatement；recordingthesequenceofmajorpointsrightthroughthebook.Iusetheend-papersatthebackofthebooktomakeapersonalindexoftheauthor'spointsintheorderoftheirappearance.

Thefrontend-papersare，tome，themostimportant.Somepeoplereservethemforafancybookplate，Ireservethemforfancythinking.AfterIhavefinishedreadingthebookandmakingmypersonalindexonthebackend-papers，Iturntothefrontandtrytooutlinethebook，notpagebypage，orpointbypoint（I'vealreadydonethatattheback），butasanintegratedstructure，withabasicunityandanorderofparts.Thisoutlineis，tome，themeasureofmyunderstandingofthework.

NewWords

persuade

vt.cause（sb.）todosth.byreasoning，arguing，etc.说服，劝服

librarian

n.　图书馆管理员

property

n.　（collectively）thingsowned；possessions财产

prelude

n.　action，event，etc.thatservesasanintroduction序幕；前奏曲

possession

n.　possessing；ownership；（pl.）property拥有；所有权；财产

ownership

n.　thepossessing（ofsth.）；rightofpossessing所有（权）

illustration

n.　anexamplewhichexplainsthemeaningofsth.；adnexplanatorypicture，diagram，etc.例；图例；插图

beefsteak

n.　牛排

transfer

vt.hadoverthepossessionof（property，etc.）；changeofficiallyfromoneposition，etc.toanother转移；调动

butcher

n.　apersonwhokills，cutsupandsellsanimalsforfood屠夫

icebox

n.　aboxwherefoodiskeptcoolwithblocksofice；（AmE）refrigerator

bloodstream

n.　thebloodasitflowsthroughthebloodvesselsofthebody血流

absorb

vt.takeorsuchin（liquids）；takein（knowledge，ideas，etc.）吸收

best-seller

n.　bookthatissoldinverylargenumbers畅销书

individual

n.　anyonehumanbeing（contrastedwithsociety）个人

woodpulp

n.　木（纸）浆

dip

v.　plungeorbeplungedquicklyorbrieflyintoaliquid，esp.towetorcoat浸；蘸

shiny

a.　givingofflightasifpolished；bright发亮的

restrain

vt.prevent；control；holdback抑制；控制，约束

dogeared

a.　（ofabook）havinghecornersofthepagesbentdownwithuse，likeadog'sears（书页）卷角的

dilapidated

a.　（ofthings）brokenandold；fallingtopieces破旧的；倾坍的

loosen

v.　makeorbecomelooseorlooser（使）松开

continual

a.　repeated；frequent不断的；频繁的

scribble

v.　writehastilyorcarelessly；writemeaninglessmarksonpaper，etc.潦草书写；乱涂

preserve

vi.keepsafefromharmofdanger保护；保存

intact

a.　untouched；undamaged完整无损的

elegantly

ad.beautifully；gracefully优美地；雅致地

eleganta.

bind（bound）

vt.tieorfastenwitharope，etc.；fastentogethersheetsof（abook）andenclosewithinacover捆，绑；装订（书）

edition

n.　forminwhichabookispublished；totalnumberofcopies（ofabook，newspaper，etc.）issuedfromthesametypes（书等的）版本；版

paradise

n.　theGardenofEden；Heaven伊甸园；天堂

crayon

n.　蜡笔；颜色笔

original

painting

n.　apaintedpicture；picture

statue

n.　animageofapersonoranimalinwood，stone，bronze，etc.雕像

inseparable

a.　impossibletoseparatefromoneanother

manufacture

vt.make，produceonalargescalebymachinery制造；（大量）生产

magnificent

a.　splendid；remarkable华丽的；宏伟的

indispensable

a.　absolutelyessentialornecessary必不可少的

conscious

a.　aware；abletofeelandthink有意识的；神志清醒

understanding

n.　knowledgeofthenatureofsth.，basedesp.onlearningorexperience理解

fiction

n.　（branchofliteratureconcernedwith）storie