选修六Word格式.docx

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选修六Word格式.docx

advancedEnglish/maths高阶英语/高等数学

2.certainadj.有把握的,确定的,肯定的(不作定语);

某个,某些(作定语)

HereinEngland,therearecertainquestionsthatyoushouldn’treallyaskpeople...

e.g.Ithinkthere’sabusat8butyou’dbettercalltomakecertain.

I’mnotcertainwhetherthere’sabusserviceonSundays.

ForcertainreasonsI’llbeunabletoattendthemeeting.

acertainMr.Zhang某一位姓张的先生

certainbooks某些书

undercertainconditions在一定条件下

becertainof对……有把握

makecertain弄清楚

becertaintodosth.一定会做某事

forcertain肯定地

Itiscertainthat...……是肯定的

toacertaindegree/extent在某种程度上

3.avoidvt.避免

Haveyouevercrossedtheroadtoavoidtalkingtosomeoneyourecognize?

avoid是及物动词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing。

e.g.Youshouldavoidsuchaperson.

Thedriverbrakedhiscarsuddenlytoavoidaterribleaccident.

Whydidyoutrytoavoidreplying?

Childrenshouldavoideatingunhealthyfood.

4.lack缺乏

Doyouwanttomakemorefriendsbutlacktheconfidencetotalktopeopleyoudon’tknow?

(1)v.缺乏,没有(nothave;

tobewithout)

e.g.Welackedfood.(vt.lacksth.)

Hecompletelylacksconscience.(vt.lacksth.)

Theircourageislacking.(vi.belacking欠缺,缺)

Heisnotlackinginintelligence.[belackingin缺乏(某种品质、特点等)]

(2)n.无需要(absence),常与of连用。

e.g.Theplantsdiedthrough/forlackofwater.

Thatwasanotherexampleoftheirlackofexperience.

5.damage损害,损坏

Thatway,youdon’tdamageyourconfidence!

damage可用做动词和名词,此处damage用作动词。

(1)vt.损害,损坏;

使受损失

e.g.Theearthquakedamagedseveralbuildings.

(2)n.损坏,损害[U]

damage用作名词意指损伤或降低物的价值,一般是指部分性的损坏。

e.g.Theaccidentdidverylittledamagetoeithercar.

HowmuchmustIpayforthedamage?

注意:

damage的复数形式意为“赔偿费/金”。

e.g.Thecourtawarded£500indamagestotheinjured.

辨析:

damage,destroy与ruin

damage,destroy与ruin都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思。

(1)damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复”。

e.g.Theheavyraindamagedmanyhouses.

(2)destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”。

e.g.Thattownwasdestroyedinabigfire.

(3)ruin现在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄坏了”。

e.g.Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.

6.impressv.铭刻,使感动,给……极深的印象

Alwaysremember-youwon’timpresspeopleifyoutalktoomuch.

impress常见搭配:

(1)impresssb.withsth.

e.g.Thiscountryimpressedmewiththehighspeedofdevelopment.

(2)impressonsb.sth.

e.g.Myfatherimpressedonmethevalueofhardwork.

(3)Whatimpressedmemostis…

e.g.Whatimpressedmemostishishonesty.

(4)makeanimpressiononsb.

e.g.Hishonestymadeadeepimpressiononme.

(5)theimpressionof对……的印象

e.g.What’syourimpressionofShanghai?

(6)havetheimpressionthat(同位语从句)意为“有……的印象”

e.g.Ihavetheimpressionthathedoesn’tsmoke.

词性变化:

impressionn.

7.preparev.

(1)Smalltalkisveryimportantandprepareyouformoreseriousconversations.

(2)Beprepared!

Havesomelow-riskconversationopenersready!

prepare是个常用动词,也是一个多义词。

它既可以作及物动词用,也可作不及物动词用。

现将它的主要用法归纳如下:

(1)prepare作“准备;

预备;

筹备;

制作;

配制”解时,可用于以下场合:

①prepare+n./pron.准备……;

配药

e.g.Hehaspreparedhislessons.

Afterarrivinghome,shebegantomakeafireandpreparesupper.

Thechemistispreparingamedicine.

Cornisaveryusefulplantwhichcanbepreparedinmanydifferentways.

②preparesb.sth./preparesth.forsb.为某人准备……

e.g.Motherispreparingusameal.

=Motherispreparingamealforus.

Thesecretaryhaspreparedthepresidentalongreport.

=Thesecretaryhaspreparedalongreportforthepresident.

③prepare+todosth.准备做……

e.g.Theyarebusypreparingtogoonvacation.

Afterthediscussiontheypreparedtowriteanarticletoairtheirviews.

  ④prepare+for(或against)为……做准备

e.g.Thestudentsarebusypreparingforthemid-termexamination.

  Thepeasantsarepreparingagainstthedrought.

prepareagainst用于为灾害、意外不幸或不愉快事件作准备。

(2)prepare作“使(人)作好准备;

叫(人)作准备”解时,可用于下述场合:

  ①prepare+sb.+forsth.

  e.g.Hewaspreparinghimselfforthemarathonracethen.

  Theteacherpreparedhisstudentsforthecollegeentranceexamination.

 ②prepare+sb.+todosth.

  e.g.Hepreparedhimselftotakeoutalicenseforadriver.

  Thenurseispreparingthechildtogotohospital.

(3)过去分词prepared用于系表结构,意思为“为……做好准备;

打算”,常用于以下句式:

①beprepared+for(against)

e.g.Theywerepreparedfortheworst.

Iknewtherewereproblems,butIwasnotpreparedforthis.

②beprepared+todosth.

e.g.Theywerepreparedtogotoworkinthecountryside.

Iamnotpreparedtolistentoallyourweakexcuses.

Theywerepreparedtobefriendly.

8.makefriends(with)(和……)交朋友

e.g.Heisveryfriendly.That’swhyhehasmadesomanyfriendssincehecame.

Theywishedtomakefriendswitheachother,butbothofthemwereshy.

Ifyougoondoingthingslikethis,youwillmakenofriends.(…youwillmakefriendswithnobody.)

9.benervousabout对……感到焦虑、紧张不安

Andareyounervousabouttheideaofbeingatasocialeventinanothercountry?

e.g.Nobodyknowswhatsheisnervousabout.

Idon’tthinkhewillgetnervousaboutdrivingagainonthathighway.Heisboldenough.

10.inaddition除此之外,另外

Inaddition,youneedtoknowhowlongyoushouldstay,andwhenyouhavetoleave.

e.g.Inaddition,Ineedtimetothinkitover.

Inaddition,weshouldnotneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.

inadditionto…意为“除……之外”。

e.g.Inadditiontothesalary,wehaveabonuseverymonth.

11.getusedto习惯于……

Ijustneededafewsecondstogetusedtoyourvoice.

be(get)usedtodoing/usedtodo/beusedtodosth.

(1)be(get,become)usedtodoing(变得)习惯于做某事[to是介词,后需用动词的话要用动词-ing形式。

]

e.g.Sheisusedtothiskindofjob.

Inevergotusedtogoingtobedsolate.

(2)usedtodo过去常常(做某事)(但现在已停止)

e.g.Hedoesn’tsmokethesedays,butheusedto.

Theriverinfrontofourvillageusedtobeclean.

Iusedtoplaybadmintonintheafternoon.

(3)beusedtodosth.被用来做某事

e.g.Apencanbeusedtowritewith.

12.have…incommon 有共同之处

Becausetheyusedthisveryusefulsocialtechnique,theyfoundsomethingtheyhaveincommon.

e.g.Thetwinshavealotincommon.(havealotincommon)

Ithinkwehavealotofinterestsincommonabouttheproblem.(havealotof+n.+incommon)

Ihaven’tmuchincommonwithyou.

二、句子解析

1.Ithelpsifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning.

(1)doplanning作计划,准备

doadvanceplanning预先计划一下,预先准备一下

(2)在此句中,“It”指的是ifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning。

e.g.Itwillbeapityifyouhavetoleaveourcompany.

2.Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.

Itisestimatedthat…据估计……

常见句型:

itis+adj./动词的过去分词+that….。

在该句型中,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,it是形式主语。

e.g.Itwasreportedthatthebridgewascompletedtwomonthsearlierthanplanned.

Itisunusualthatwehavesuchhotweatherthissummer.

that从句还可以用其他关系词来引导。

e.g.Itisdoubtfulwhethertheywillfinishtheworkontime.

Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillgo.

Itisstillunknownwhentheconferencewillbeheld.

3.Imagineasituationwheretwostrangersaretalkingtoeachotheraftersomeonetheybothknowhaslefttheroom,orthecafé

orparty,etc.

(1)where引导定语从句修饰asituation。

(2)after引导时间状语从句。

(3)theybothknow是定语从句,修饰someone。

因为作宾语,故they前省略了关系代词whom.

三、语法项目——didn’tneedtodo和needn’thavedone的区别

本模块的语法内容为didn’tneedtodo和needn’thavedone,两者有相同和不同之处。

相同点是:

两者都表示过去时间内不必做一件事;

不同点是:

didn’tneedtodo表示那件事不必做而且结果也是那件事的确没有做;

而needn’thavedone表示虽然那件事不必做但结果是已经做了。

请看一下例句:

1.ItwasSunday.Hedidn’tneedtogotowork.(So,hedidn’tgo.Hestayedhomeorwentsomewhereelse.)

2.Thatyear,hewasyounganddidn’tneedtoserveinthearmy.(Hewasstudyingatschool.)

3.Themanagerdidn’tneedtodosuchthingshimself.(Hisassistantsdidthingslikethatforhim.)

4.Thepoorgirlneedn’thavewaitedintherainforsolong.(Unfortunatelyshedidit.)

5.Youneedn’thavesaidsomuchaboutyourbeinglate.(Youkeptexplaining.)

6.Theyneedn’thavewrittenthelettertotheheadmaster.(Theywrotealettertotheheadmaster,butitwasnotnecessary.)

四、典型例题讲解

1.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.

A.lacked            B.lackingof

C.lacking           D.lackedin[春上海卷]

答案:

C

2.Therewasplentyoftime.She______.

A.mustn’thavehurried    B.couldn’thavehurried  

C.mustnothurry       D.needn’thavehurried

D

单项选择:

1.—Howlongareyoustaying?

—Idon’tknow._____.

A.That’sOK            B.Nevermind

C.Itdepends            D.Itdoesn’tmatter

2.Canyouthinkoutasituation______thisidiomcanbeused?

A.which              B.that

C.where              D.withwhich

3.______addition,thedesignermustusuallyselectfurnitureordesignbuiltinfurniture,accordingtothefunctionsthatneedtobeserved.

A.For               B.In

C.As                D.With

4.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.

—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.

A.needn’tdo           B.needn’thavedone

C.mustn’tdo           D.shouldn’thavedone

5._______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.

A.Whatisrequired         B.whatrequires

C.Itisrequired          D.Itrequired

6.Thereusedtobeamapoftheworldo

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