英语选修11Units15全册知识点汇总新人教版.docx
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英语选修11Units15全册知识点汇总新人教版
选修11Units1-5全册知识点汇总（新人教版）
Unit1
scarceadj
makeoneselfscarce离开，退避
Thatbirdhasbecomescarceinthiscountry.
Foodandwaterarescarceandexpensiveinthefloodedarea.
scarcelyadv.
表示“几乎不，仅仅”，与when连用时，意思和“hardly…when”相同都表示“一…就”，置于句首
时，用部分到状结构
Hehadscarcelyescapedwhenhewasrecaptured
=Scarcelyhadheescapedwhenhewasrecaptured（重新捕获）
Iscarcelyhaveleisuretimetoplaytennisthisafternoon.
=ScarcelydoIhaveleisuretimetoplaytennisthisafternoon.
treatyn。
条约，协定
beintreatywith和...交涉中，
maketreaty立约,订合同，
Thepeacetreatybetweenthetwocountrieswassigned.
Hehadnodifficultyinpersuadingparliamenttoapprovethetreaty.
insurev.
表示“给…保险，确保”，常与against连用，即insuresb.againststh.
Itisadvisabletoinsureyourlifeagainstaccident.
Carefulnessinsuresyouagainsterrors.
insurancen.表示“保险”
aninsurancecompany保险公司
haveinsuranceforsth投保
Iboughtanothersafetylockasanadditionalinsuranceagainstthieves.
Heclaimedtobeaninsurancesalesmanbutlaterwasfoundtobeafraud.
consultantn.
表示“顾问,商议者,咨询者”
Theconsultantcommitteemetatthecallofthechairman.
Iworkasaconsultantwithanoverseasinvestmentcompany.
consultvt.表示“查阅；咨询”
consultsb.aboutsth向某人咨询某事，
IconsultedGeorgeaboutbuyingacar.
Beforegoingonadiet,itisadvisabletoconsultyourdoctor.
consultationn.表示“商量，咨询会”，
Thedoctorsheldaconsultationtodecidewhetheranoperationwasnecessary.
extensiveadj
“广大的,广阔的,广泛的”，
extensivereading泛读
Theschoolhasextensiveplayingfields.
Scientistshasdoneextensiveresearchintothecausesofcancer.
extentn.表示“程度，范围，大小”；
toagreatextent“在很大程度上”
Thecomplainsweretoalargeextentvalid.
投诉大体上都是有根据的。
tosome/acertainextent“在某种程度上”
Iagreewithyoutosomeextent.
extendvi表示“扩展，延伸”
HeextendedhisarmsinfrontofhimasifhewereprayingtoGod.
wipeout
1）彻底摧毁；彻底消灭
Wewanttowipeouttheworldhungerbytheyear2010.
2）（用布）擦净……内部
Justwipeoutthefridgewiththedampcloth（湿布子）
3）是筋疲力尽
Theearly-morningmeetingreallywipemeout.
takeover
表示“接管/接任什么”，
CanyoutakeoverthecookingwhileIwalkthedog?
Janetookoverasdirectorafterherfatherretired.
相关短语：
takeaway带走，拿走；
takedown记下，写下：
takefor当作；误认为；
takein收留，收容，欺骗；
takeoff脱掉，起飞；
takeon呈现；
takeup开始从事；专注于；
nottomention“不必提及，更不必说”
don’tmentionit表示“不用谢，不客气”
Theweatherhereisexcellent,nottomentionthewonderfulfood.
Thanksforyourhelp.
Don’tmentionit.
mentionvt.表示“提到；说到”
Becausethetreewasmentionedinanewspaper,thenumberofvisitorstothegardenhas
nowincreased.
Onthetelephone,hementionedthathehadbeenill.
getaround
1）走动，旅游
Attheageof85Millystillgetaroundverywell.
2）消息等）传播
Itdidn’ttakelongforthenewsofhisresignationtogetaround.
不久，大家就都知道了她辞职的消息。
3）找到解决问题的办法
Therearewaysofgettingaroundthetaxrules.
短语：
getaroundto（doing）sth.做事先计划好的事情
Imeanttocallyou,butsomehowInevergotaroundtodoit.
我本想给你打电话，但不知为什么就没打成。
Wemustgetaroundtocleaningthosewindows.
我们必须开始擦这些窗户了。
Unit2
detective
n.表示“侦探”，也可以用作adj.表示“侦探的”，
I’mreadingadetectivestoryaboutSherlockHolmes.
ThepolicesometimesaskedtheprivatedetectivecalledSherlockHolmesforhelp.
detectvt.表示“发觉;侦查;探测”，
detectsb.in（doing）...发觉某人在做（坏事）
Wehavethetechnologywhichcandetecttheearthquakes.
Thedentistcoulddetectnodecay（龋齿）inherteeth.
DoIdetectanoteofironyinyourvoice?
听起来你是在说反话吧？
stainn.
astainonsb.'scharacter/reputation声誉上的污点；
stainlessadj.纯洁的，无污点的
Therewasadarkstainonthecarpet.
Astaincausedbybloodishardtoremove.
stainvt.＆vi.表示“污染；玷污”，
bestainedwithsth污染了某物
Thecoffeestainedhisshirtbrown.
=Hisshirtwasstainedbrownwiththecoffee.
abnormaladj
表示“不正常的，反常的”，
如:
Wedonotthinksuchanabnormalphenomenonwilllastlong.
Thathedidn’tcomewassimplyabnormal.
abnormalityn.表示“异常;变态，异常的人或物”，
abnormallyadv.“反常地,不规则地”，
如：
Bothchildrenhaveabnormallyhighlevelsofleadintheirblood.
emergencyn.
表示“突然事件;紧急情况”，
inanemergency遇到紧急情况，
如:
Itisillegaltousethefirealarmexceptinanemergency.
Theclubisfacingafinancialemergencynow.
emergencen.表示“出现，被认可，摆脱”，常与介词of,from连用，
如：
TheemergencyofEnglishasaninternationallanguagemakesitbecomemoreimportant.
Thecompany’semergencyfrombankruptcy（破产）becameasuccess.
compensatev.
“补偿，弥补”，与介词for连用，compensatesb.for为…向某人赔偿,
如：
Thispaymentmorethancompensatesforwhatwehavelost.
Theywerenotlikelybecompensatedforthedamagetothehouse.
compensationn.表示“补偿，赔偿（金）”
incompensationfor以...为报酬，
Shewasawarded$200,000compensationfirinjuries.
Equalcompensationshouldbegiventomenandwomenforequalwork.
surplusadj
表示“过剩的,剩余的”，只作定语，
besurplustorequirement供过于求，
Theyshouldusethesurpluscashtohelpthepeoplewhoneedit.
Losethosesurplusfatswithournewdietplan.
用作名词，表示“过剩，剩余”
Keeponeoftheliquidandthrowawaythesurplus.
Congressisdebatingwhethertospendthebudgetsurplus.
remarkn.
表示“议论,评论”,也用作名词，
makearemark发表评论，
Thisisquitedelicious”,sheremarkedtoherhost.
PeopleoftenremarkonhowalikeJohnandhisbrotherlook.
remarkableadj.表示“值得注意的，显著的”
Theplayhasbeenaremarkablesuccess.
Itisremarkablethatnoonehascomplainedaboutthissystembefore.
candidaten.
表示“候选者，应试者”，常与介词for连用
Thecandidatesmusthavetheabilitytospeakanotherforeignlanguagefluently.
Itisthefirsttimethathehasbecomethecandidatefortheawardforbestactor.
furnishv.
表示“供应,供给；为配备”
befurnishedwith配备
Alltheparentswillfurnishalltheirchildrenneed.
Thehouseiswellfurnished,whichmusthavecostalotofmoney.
furnituren.家具，不可数名词，
如：
apieceoffurniture一件家具;
asetoffurniture一套家具
compensatev.
“补偿；弥补”经常和介词for连用
Thispaymentmorethancompensatesforwhatwehavelost.
这一项付款用来弥补我们的损失绰绰有余。
Lackofconfidenceisoftencompensatedforbyanaggressivemanner.
信心的缺乏往往会用咄咄逼人的姿态来掩饰。
compensationn.“补偿金；赔偿金”
givesb.compensation
trendn.“潮流；趋势”
后面常和介词to/toward搭配，有时也用in
Wehaveseenatrendtowardsmoreviolentfilmsthisyear.
我们看到今年电影有向更加暴力的方向发展的趋势。
Today’sfigurescontinuetheupwardtrendinthestockmarket.
今天的股市趋势继续呈上升趋势。
其他短语：
reverseatrend扭转趋势
setatrend引领潮流
furnish
常见结构：
1）befurnishedwith
Herstudywasfurnishedwithanantiquedeskandchair.
她的书房配备有一套古董桌椅。
2）furnishsb.withsth.
Lyall’sevidencemayhavefurnishedpolicewithavitalclue.
莱尔的证据可能给警方提供了一条极其重要的线索。
makeofsth./sb.
表示“理解，了解”
Idon’tknowwhattomakeofournewteacher.
Whatdoyoumakeofthisnews?
其它词组：
makeuseof表示“利用”，
makethemostof表示“充分利用”
Georgestudiedhard.Hewantedtomakethemostofhistimetolearn.
Iwanttomakesthofmynewlifehere.
Unit3
harmony
“融洽;协调，和谐”，
beinharmonywith“与...协调一致”
Inabeautifulpicturethereisharmonybetweenthedifferentcolors.
Theyworkedinperfectharmony.
harmoniousadj.“和睦的，友好的”
Everyoneshouldmakecontributionstobuildaharmonioussociety.
Oursisaharmoniousfamily
cope
强调结果“成功处理完了”
Howwouldwecopeoncethemoneyhadrunout?
Sheknowshowtocopewithacomplicatedsituation
copewith表示“同...较量，应付，对付”，相当于todealwithsuccessfully
NoonecancopewithhiminEnglish.
Wehavetheabilitytocopewithunexpecteddisasters.
letdown
表示“使失望，辜负”
Thefamiliesofthevictimsfeelthatthejudgmenthasletthemdown.
Sheisagreatplayer,andneverletsherteamdown.
相关短语：
letalone更不用说；letloose放走，释放；
letout发出，泄漏，letsb.off允许某人不做某事，从轻处理
Ihardlyhavetimetothinkthesedays,letalonerelax.
Iwaspulledoverforspeeding,butIwasletoffwithawarning
fulfill
表示“满足；实现”，也表示“执行；履行”，
tofulfillone'spromise履行诺言
Hisbeliefthattheworldwouldendwasnotfulfilled.
Ifhe'slazy,he'llneverfulfillhisambitiontoachieveanything.
Theyfulfilledtheirworkaheadoftimeaswedidours.
fulfilledadj.表示“满足的，有成就感的”，
fulfillingadj.表示“令人满足的”，
fulfillmentn.表示“满足感，履行”
TheParty'sorganizationalworkensuredthefulfillmentofitspoliticaltasks.
Humandesiresarenotalwaysfulfilled.
interval
表示“间隔，中间休息”
Thenormalintervalbetweenourmeetingisonemonth.
Hevisitsmeatregularintervals.
短语：
atintervals不时,时时；
intheintervals不一会儿,不久；
atlongintervals偶尔,间或；
atregularintervals每隔一定时间;
subscribev.
表示“赞同；订阅;署名；捐献”，常与to连用
Doyousubscribetothatphilosopher'sbelief?
Doyouplantosubscribetothesemagazines?
Hesubscribedhisnametothecontractimmediately.
subscriptionn.表示“订阅费，捐赠款，签名”
Hepaidhissubscriptionbybanker'sorder.
Theinstitutewasbuiltwiththehelpofthepublicsubscriptions.
gloryn.
表示“自豪，得意”，
gloryin表示“以…为荣”，也用作n.表示“光荣,荣誉”
Nowheisatthetopofhisfameandglory.
Itwillcostalotofmoneytorebuildthecastletoitspreviousglory.
gloriousadj.表示“光荣的，辉煌的”，
TheChinesepeoplehaveagloriouspeace-lovingtradition.
Wehavewonagloriousvictoryinthe29thOlympicGames.
withdrawv.
表示“收回，撤回；变得沉默寡言，冷漠”
TheinjuryhasforcedLiuxiangtowithdrawfromthecompetition.
IthasnotbeendecidedwhentheAmericantroopswillwithdrawfromIraq.
withdrawaln.表示“取消，收回；沉默寡言”
make
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