语法术语.docx
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语法术语
词word
词素morpheme
自由词素freemorpheme
粘附词素boundmorpheme
简单词simpleword，morphemeword（单词素词）
词根root
派生词derivative
屈折词缀inflectionalaffix
派生词缀derivationalaffix
前缀prefix
后缀suffix
粘附词根boundroot
词素变体allomorph
原始派生词primitivederivative
复合词compoundwordcompoundingform
新古典复合词neo-classicalcompound
复合连词compoundconjunction
封闭词类closedclass
开放词类openclass
功能词functionword
实义词contentword
调核nucleus（语调核心，是一个调组中显示音调抑扬变化（降、升、降升ˇ或升降＾）的强重读音节。
与调组中其它音节相对而言,调核的音调最高,音幅最阔,动态变化最大,因而是语流中听觉效果最显著的音段。
一个调组可以没有调冠、调头或调尾,但不能没有调核。
分析性语言analyticlanguage
强调词emphasizer
并列连词coordinator
近似并列连词quasi-coordinator
从属连词subordinator
简单从属连词simplesubordinator
即单词从属连词one-wordsubordinator
复杂从属连词complexsubordinator
关联从属连词correlativesubordinator
边际从属连词marginalsubordinator
关系词relativeword
副词性指代词coreferencepro-form
句子成分membersofsentences
主语subject
实义主语notionalsubject
真主语realsubject
谓语predicate
宾语object
双宾语dualobject
直接宾语directobject
间接宾语indirectobject
复合宾语complexobject
同源宾语cognateobject
补语complement
主补subjectcomplement
宾补objectcomplement
表语predicative
定语attribute
同位语appositive
状语adverbial
补足成分complementation（如宾语，补语，状语等）
并列谓语compoundpredicate
双重谓语doublepredicate
操作词operator
述谓成分predication
动词verb
主动词mainverb
及物动词transitiveverb
不及物动词intransitiveverb
连系动词linkingverb
助动词auxiliaryverb
基本助动词primaryauxiliary
情态助动词modalauxiliary
半助动词semi-auxiliary
情态动词modalverb
规则动词regularverb
不规则动词irregularverb
短语动词phrasalverb
限定动词finiteverb
非限定动词infiniteverb
使役动词causativeverb
感官动词verbofsenses
动态动词dynamicverb
静态动词stativeverb
感叹词exclamation
单宾语及物动词monotransitiveverb
双宾语及物动词ditransitiveverb
复杂宾语及物动词complextransitiveverb
实义动词notionalverb
单词动词single-wordverb
词组动词phrasalverb
复合动词compoundverb
一致agreement，concord
主谓一致subject-predicate（verb）agreement（concord）
语法一致grammaticalagreement（concord）
概念一致notionalagreement（concord）
就近原则principleofproximity
名词noun
专有名词propernoun
普通名词commonnoun
可数名词countablenoun
不可数名词uncountablenoun
抽象名词abstractnoun
具体名词concretmoun
物质名词materialnoun
集体名词collectivenoun
个体名词individualnoun
简单名词simplenoun
复合名词compoundnoun
派生名词derivativenoun
连词conjunction
单位词partitive又叫单位名词（unitnoun）
通性名词nounofcommongender
等级名词gradablenoun
词组phrase
名词词组nounphrase
动词词组verbphrase
形容词词组adjectivephrase
副词词组adverbphrase
介词词组prepositionalphrase
简单动词词组simpleverbphrase
复杂动词词组complexverbphrase
限定动词词组finiteverbphrase
非限定动词词组non-finiteverbphrase
分句clause
名词性分句nominalclause
关系分句relativeclause即定语从句attributiveclause
先行项antecedent
分裂句cleftsentence
分裂句中心成分focuselement，focalelement
存在句existentialsentence
并列结构coordinateconstruction
并列成分coordinateelement
独立分句independentclause
从属分句dependent/subordinateclause
简单分句simpleclause
复杂分句complexclause
限定分句finiteclause
非限定分句non-finiteclause
无动词分句verblessclause
主句mainclause
从句subordinateclause
分句成分clauseelement
限定从属分句finitesubordinateclause
限制性关系分句restrictiverelativeclause
非限制性关系分句non-restrictiverelativeclause
双重关系分句doublerelativeclause
嵌入式关系分句embeddedrelativeclause
数number
单数singularnumber
复数pluralnumber
规则复数regularplural
不规则复数irregularplural
确定数量definitequantity
非确定数量indefinitequantity
格case
普通格（通格）commoncase
所有格possessivecase
主格nominativecase
宾格objectivecase
属格genitivecase
独立属格independentgenitive
双重属格doublegenitive
句子sentence
简单句simplesentence
并列句compoundsentence
复合句complexsentence
并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence
陈述句declarativesentence，又叫statement
疑问句interrogativesentence又叫question
一般疑问句generalquestion
特殊疑问句specialquestion
选择疑问句alternativequestion
附加疑问句tagquestion
反义疑问句disjunctivequestion
修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion
感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion
存在句existentialsentence
肯定句positivesentence
否定句negativesentence
祈使句imperativesentence，又叫command
省略句ellipticalsentence
感叹句exclamatorysentence又叫exclamation
是非问句yes-noqueation
Wh-问句wh-question
附加问句questiontag
基本句型basicsentencepatern
完全句fullsentence
不完全句minorsentence
主动句activesentence
被动句passivesentence
条件句conditional
含蓄条件句impliedconditional
真实条件句realconditional
非真实条件句unrealconditional
拖沓句trailingsentence
排比结构parallelconstruction
深层结构deepstructure
比较结构comparativeconstruction
独立结构absoluteconstruction
从句clause
从属句subordinateclause
并列句coordinateclause
名词从句nominalclause
定语从句attributiveclause
状语从句adverbialclause
宾语从句objectclause
主语从句subjectclause
同位语从句appositiveclause
时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime
地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace
方式状语从句adverbialclauseofmanner
让步状语从句adverbialclauseofconcession
原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause
结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult
目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose
条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition
真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition
非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition
含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition
错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition
句法关系syntacticrelationship
并列coordinate
从属subordination
修饰modification
前置修饰pre-modification
后置修饰post-modification
限制restriction
双重限制double-restriction
非限制non-restriction
限定词determiner
物主限定词possessivedeterminer
指示限定词demonstrativedeterminer
关系限定词relativedeterminer
疑问限定词interrogativedeterminer
不定限定词indefinitedeterminer
中位限定词centraldeterminer
前位限定词predeterminer
后位限定词postdeterminer
冠词article
定冠词definitearticle
不定冠词indefinitearticle
数词numeral
基数词cardinalnumeral
序数词ordinalnumeral
分数词fractionalnumeral
零冠词zeroarticle
倍数词multiplicativenumeral
量词quantifier
类指genericreference
特指specificreference
所指意义referentialmeaning
代词照应pronounreference
确定特指definitespecificreference
照应特指anaphoricspecificreference
前照应特指cataphoricspecificreference
语境特指（照应）situationalreference
后照应anaphoricreference
人称照应personalreference
指示照应demonstrativereference
比较照应comparativereference
代词pronoun
人称代词personalpronoun
物主代词possessivepronoun
反身代词reflexivepronoun
相互代词reciprocalpronoun
指示代词demonstrativepronoun
疑问代词interrogativepronoun
关系代词relativepronoun
不定代词indefinitepronoun
物主代词possessivepronoun
名词性属格代词nominalgenitivepronoun在本书中仍叫物主代词
限定性属格代词determinativegenitivepronoun
形容词性物主代词adjectivalpossessivepronoun
名词性物主代词nominalpossessivepronoun
复合代词compoundpronoun
关系代词relativepronoun
性gender
阳性masculine
阴性feminine
通性common
中性neuter
人称person
第一人称firstperson
第二人称secondperson
第三人称thirdperson
形式form
单数形式singularform
复数形式pluralform
限定动词finiteverbform
非限定动词non-finiteverbform
原形baseform
反身形式reflexiveform
缩略形式contractedform
综合形式syntheticform
分析形式analyticform
第二种条件句句式：
1,、基本形式basicform2、变体形式variantform3、替换形式alternativeform
用法usage
感情色彩emotionalcoloring
褒义commendatory
贬义derogatory
幽默humorous
讽刺sarcastic
挖苦ironic
强调性用法emphaticuse
非强调性用法unemphaticuse
假设意义hypotheticalmeaning
非事实意义non-factualmeaning
推测性epistemic
非推测性non-epistemic
时态tense
过去将来时pastfuturetense
过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense
过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense
一般现在时presentsimpletense
一般过去时pastsimpletense
一般将来时futuresimpletense
现在完成时pastperfecttense
过去完成时presentperfecttense
将来完成时futureperfecttense
现在进行时presentcontinuoustense
过去进行时pastcontinuoustense
将来进行时futurecontinuoustense
过去将来进行时pastfuturecontinuoustense
现在完成进行时presentperfectcontinuoustense
过去完成进行时pastperfectcontinuoustense
历史性现在时historicpresent
语法形式grammaticalform
时tense
现在时presenttense
过去时pasttense
体aspect
进行体progressiveaspect
完成体perfectiveaspect
态voice
主动态activevoice
被动态passivevoice
不定式被动态passiveinfinitive
式mood
陈述式indicativemood
祈使式imperativemood
虚拟式subjunctivemood
Be-型虚拟式be-subjuctive
Were-型虚拟式were-subjuctive
不定式infinitive
带to不定式to-infinitive
不带to不定式bareinfinitive
-Ing分词-ingparticiple
现在分词presentparticiple
动名词gerund
-ed分词-edparticiple
过去分词pastparticiple
悬垂分词danglingparticiple又叫无依着分词（unattachedparticiple）
依着法则attachmentrule
形容词adjective
单词形容词one-wordadjective
复合形容词compoundadjective
中心形容词centraladjective
外围形容词peripheraladjective
动态形容词dynamicadjective
静态形容词stativeadjective
等级形容词gradableadjective
非等级形容词non-gradableadjective
原级positive/absolutedegree
比较级comparativedegree
最高级superlativedegree
可等级的gradable
副词adverb
方式副词adverbofmanner
程度副词adverbofdegree
时间副词adverboftime
地点副词adverbofplace
修饰性副词adjunct
连接性副词conjunctiveadverb
疑问副词Interrogativeadverb
关系副词relativeadverb
简单副词simpleadverb
派生副词derivative
频度副词adverboffrequency
解说副词explanatoryadverb
复合副词compoundadverb
状语adverbial
地点状语locativeadverbial
时间状语temporaladverbial
修饰性状语adjunct
评注性状语disjunct
连接性状语conjunct
同时性sametime
先时性earliertime
后时性latertime
介词preposition
复合介词compoundpreposition
简单介词simplepreposition
复杂介词complexpreposition
双词介词two-wordpreposition
三词介词three-wordpreposition
四词介词four-wordpreposition
否定negation
否定范围scopeofnegation
全部否定fullnegation
局部否定partialnegation
转移否定shiftofnegation
双重否定doublenegation
直接引语directspeech
间接引语indirectspeech
自由直接引语freedirectspeech
自由间接引语freeindirectspeech
引述动词reportingverb
修饰modification
前置修饰语premodifier
后置修饰语postmodifier
限制性修饰语restrictivemodifier
非限制性修饰语non-restrictivemodifier
偏斜修饰语squintingmodifier
对比含义contrastivemeaning
分隔修饰discontinuousmodification
同位语appositive
限制性同位语restrictiveappositive
非限制性同位语non-restrictiveappositive
替代substitution
替代词substitute
名词性替代nominalsubstitution
动词性替代verbalsubstitution
分句性替代clausalsubstitution
名词替代词nominalsubstitute
动词替代词verbalsubstitute
分句替代词clausalsubstitute
省略ellipsis
情境省略
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