高中英语--阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧Word文件下载.doc

高中英语--阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧Word文件下载.doc

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8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

9.Thepassageisintendedto_____.

（三）应试技巧

1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。

找准文章的主题句是关键。

“

主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。

在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意；

读尾句抓大意；

读首尾段抓大意

2.无明显主题句时高频信息词

一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

Exercises.

Text1

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'

teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:

ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

主题句在__________________________________________________

Text2

Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.

Text3

ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten（咬）bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites（伤口）thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.

In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.

“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted‘Bringmetheknife!

’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”

“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes,”Shusaid.

Text4

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.

Text5

Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.

Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.theconstructionofaroad

B.thedesignofaroad

C.theconstructionoftworailways

D.thedesignoftwotunnels

4.注意标志词

文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。

如：

1）关注一些表强调转折关系的连词

but, 

yet, 

however, 

in 

fact, 

indeed等

2） 

关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：

onthewhole,in 

brief/short, 

aboveall,afterall,all 

all, 

inconclusion, 

inaword,inshort,asaresult,therefore,thus等 

3） 

如果主题句有show,indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。

（四）错误干扰项选项的特点：

·

以偏概全。

只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。

主观臆断。

读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。

无关信息。

既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。

Text6

LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.

Themainideaofthepassageis___.

A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkiller

B.Smokingisabadhabit

C.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmoking

D.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?

Text7

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease（illness）,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

Whatisthemainidea?

A.Smokingcancausecancer.

B.Smokingisaterriblekiller

C.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

D.Anexperimentonsmoking.

练习一：

AJINTAN,JIANGSU:

The20students—18boysand2girls—hadathousandreasonstobeproudofthemselves.Theyhadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung（阶梯）outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest（竞赛）onTuesdayevening.

The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.

"

Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!

"

saidateacherfromGuangdongprovince.

NamedafterChina'

smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognizedbytheStateEducationCommission（国家教委）asthecountry'

sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.

Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout______.

A.whentheconteststarted

B.howthecontestgotitsname

C.the20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontest

D.the5thNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

练习二．

Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributedindifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargestomachandnowaistline—whichmakesthemlookround,ratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped.

Therearetwotypesoffat:

externalfat（fatundertheskin）andinternalfat（fatinsidethebodywall）.Doctors,whohavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,havefoundthatthe'

pears'

havelessinternalfat,butthe'

apples'

havemoreinternalfatthanexternalfat.Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.

Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.Butunfortunatelyitseemsthatdieting（节食）simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoknownwayofreducingtheinternalratherthanexternalfat.

Thetextismainlyabout______.

A.fatnessandhealthB.waystoloseweigh

C.people'

sfiguresD.distributionoffat

练习三．

In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers（探险者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe"

moonpeople"

theymet.Inturn,the"

expressedtheirsurprise."

Why,"

theyasked,"

areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon'

tevenuseyourinnerspace?

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969,humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe"

askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insomecities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The'

Chunnel"

atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?

Japan'

sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystem,called"

AliceCities."

Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome（太阳能穹顶）wouldcoverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth'

sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,andwilderness.H.G.Wells'

"

wouldagree.Wouldyou?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities—citiesofthefutureB.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.EnjoylivingundergroundD.Buildingdown,notup

练习四．

ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes."

Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer,"

hesaid.

In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.

IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.