最新中考动词的语态语法Word格式.docx
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Was/werebeingdone
过去完成时态
Hadbeendone
2、主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear，see，notice）和使役动词（如：
make，let）后不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式to还原，即hearabdosth变为sbbeheardtodosth;
makesbdosth变为sbbemadetodosth
3、使用被动语态的情况
1、不知道动作的执行者是谁
ThiswatchwasmadeinChina.
2、没有必要指出动作的执行者
Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.
3、需要强调和突出动作的承受着
Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.
4、句子的主语是物
Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.
4、主动结构表示被动意义的情况
1、open，look，write，read，sell，clean，cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，他们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动语态
Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.
2、look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表示被动意义
Theflowersmellssweet.
3、beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动意义
Themovieisworthwatching.
4、want/need/require/+doing相当于want/need/require+tobedone,tobedone为不定式的被动结构
Yourbedroomneedscleaningrightnow.=yourbedroomneedstobecleanedrightnow.
5、短语表示被动：
betakencareof、becaughtupwith
6、带双宾的谓语动词表被动
如：
shegivemeabook.变为iwasgivenabook.或者abookwasgiventome.
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
Oneday,whileIwaswaitingformyfather,Isawalittleboy,aroundtwoyearsold,runningfreelyonthegrassashismotherwatchedfromashortdistance.Theboyhadabigsmileonhisfaceasifhehadjustbeensetfreefromsomesortofprison（监狱）.Theboywouldthenfalltothegrass,getup,withoutlookingbackathismother,runasfastashecould,again,stillwithasmileonhisface,asifnothinghadhappened.
Atthatmoment,Ithoughttomyself,"
Whyaren'
tmostadultsthisway?
"
Mostadults,whentheyfalldown,makeabigdealoutofitanddon'
tevenmakeasecondattempt.Theywouldbesoembarrassedthattheywouldnottryagainifsomeonesawthemfall.Or,becausetheyfall,theywouldfindagoodexcuseforthemselvesthatthey'
renotfitforit.Theywouldendupbeingtooafraidtoattemptagainforfearoffailure（失败）.
However,withkids,whentheyfalldown,theydon'
tconsidertheirfallingdownasafailure,instead,theytreatitasalearningexperience.Theytryagainandagainuntiltheysucceed.
Theanswermustbethattheyhavenotconnected"
fallingdown"
withtheword"
failure"
.What'
smore,theyprobablythinktothemselvesthatit'
squiteokaytofalldownandthatit'
snotwrongtodoso.
Inotherwords,theyallowthemselvestomakemistakes,sotheyremainenergetic.
Iwasdeeplyimpressedbytheboy'
spersistence（坚持不懈）andthemannerinwhichhedid.
（1）Whatdidthelittleboydowhenhefelldown?
A.
Hecriedandlayonthegrass.
B.
Heaskedhismotherforhelp.
C.
Hegotupandwentonrunning.
D.
Hegotupandstoodtherecrying.
（2）Inthewriter'
sopinion,whatmightthelittleboyregardhisfallingdownas?
Afailure.
Ajoke.
Aninterestinggame.
Alearningexperience.
（3）Inthewriter'
sopinion,whycan'
tmanyadultssucceed?
Becausetheyareafraidofbeingembarrassed.
Becausetheycan'
tfindagoodexcuse.
Becauseoncetheyfail,theywon'
tattemptagain.
Becausetheydon'
tallowthemselvestomakemistakes.
（4）Theunderlinedword"
attempt"
inParagraph2means
.
尝试
放弃
面对
怀疑
（5）Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?
Practicemakesperfect.
Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
AllroadsleadtoRome.
Eachcoinhastwosides.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】大意：
本文讲述的是作者的一次观察男孩跌倒后自由奔跑所得到的启示。
在我们成长过程中，我们不能从容面对失败和困难，而变得虚伪和恐惧，我们需要真实的自我和面对失败的勇气。
（1）细节理解题。
根据句中第一段第三句：
“Theboywouldthenfalltothegrass,getup,withoutlookingbackathismother,runasfastashecould,again.可知，小男孩时不时地跌倒，爬起来。
故选C。
（2）细节理解题。
根据However,withkids,whentheyfalldown,theydon'
tconsidertheirfallingdownasafailure,instead,theytreatitasalearningexperience.可知对于孩子们来说，当他们跌倒时，他们不认为跌倒是个失败，相反，他们把它当作一次学习经历。
故选D。
（3）细节理解题。
根据Mostadults,whentheyfalldown,makeabigdealoutofitanddon'
tevenmakeasecondattempt.大部分的成年人，当他们失败的时候只会小题大做，甚至不愿意再做第二次尝试。
（4）词义猜测题。
根据Theywouldbesoembarrassedthattheywouldnottryagain.大部分的成年人，当他们失败的时候只会觉得尴尬，不愿意再做第二次尝试。
故选A。
（5）主旨大意题。
从全文中可以看出作者对于失败是很乐观的，失败了可以当做一次学习的机会，以后再尝试。
再就是端正态度，失败是不可避免的，要想得通。
故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先快速浏览、分析问题，抓住关键词；
其次带着问题通读全文，了解文章大意，找到依据，确定答案；
最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
2．阅读理解
Oncetherewasalittlestream（小溪）.Itfloweddownfromahighmountainandtravelledthroughmanyvillagesandforests.Atlastitreachedadesert.“Iwentthroughsomanydifficulties.Ishouldhavenoproblemcrossingthedesert,shethought.Asshestarted,shefoundherselfslowlydisappearingintothesand.Aftermanytries,shestillfailed.“MaybeIcan'
treachtheocean,”shesaidsadlytoherself.
Atthistime,adeepvoicesaid,“Ifabreeze（微风）cancrossthedesert,socanastream.”Itwasthevoiceofthedesert.Butthelittlestreamanswered,“That'
sbecauseabreezecanfly,butIcannot.”
“That'
sbecauseyoucan’tgiveupwhatyouare.Letyourselfevaporate（蒸发）intothebreeze,anditcantakeyouacross,”saidthedesert.“GiveupwhatIamnow?
No!
”Thelittlestreamcouldnotacceptthisidea.“Thebreezecancarrythevapor（蒸汽）acrossthedesertandletitleaveasrain.Theminwillformariveragain,”saidthedesert.“Andwhetheryou'
reariverorvapor,yournatureneverchanges.”Hearingthis,thelittlestreamwentintotheopenarmsofthebreeze.Itcarriedhertothenextstageofherlife.
Thecourseofourlivesisliketheexperienceofthelittlestream.Ifyouwanttogothroughdifficultiesinyourlifetoheadforsuccess,youshouldalsochangethewayyouare.
（1）Howdidthelittlestreamfeelatfirstwhenshereachedthedesert?
Cheerful.
Worried.
Afraid.
Confident.
（2）Whydidthelittlestreamrefusethedesert'
sadvice?
Becauseshedidn’tbelievethedesert.
Becauseshedidn’tlikethebreeze.
Becauseshewasn’tabletofly.
Becauseshedidn’twanttogiveuphershape.
（3）Howdidthelittlestreamcrossthedesertfinally?
Byevaporatingintothebreeze.
Byformingariver.
Bydisappearingintothesand.
Bychanginghernature.
（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?
Bemoreconfidentwhenwemeetsomedifficulties.
Weshouldn'
tchangeourmindwhateverotherssay.
Ifweacceptusefuladvicewhenweareintrouble,wewillsucceed.
Ifwetrytoworkhard,wewillsucceedatlast.
【答案】
（1）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文讲述的是一条小溪在过沙漠的时候，遇见了困难。
最后在沙漠的建议下，改变了自己的形态，变成了水蒸气，在风的帮助下，最后越过了沙漠。
并把这一过程与人生进行了比较！
（1）理解判断题。
cheerful“高兴的”；
worried“担忧的”；
afraid“害怕的”；
confident“自信的”。
由第一段中
Ishouldhavenoproblemcrossingthedesert,shethought.可知小溪在到达沙漠时，开始时很有自信。
（2）理解判断题。
由第三段中的“GiveupwhatIamnow?
”可知小溪不像放弃她现在的形态。
由Hearingthis,thelittlestreamwentintotheopenarmsofthebreeze.可知小溪接受了沙漠的建议，变成了水蒸气。
（4）主旨大意题。
通过这个故事我们学习到。
当我们面临困难时，如果我们能接受游泳的建议，我们就会成功。
3．阅读理解
Thehumanbodyisamachinethatcanraiselotsofinterestingquestions.Why,forexample,areyawns（呵欠）contagious（传染的）?
What'
supwithice-creamheadaches?
Hereareanswerstotheseandotherquestionsaboutourbodies.
WhydoIgetaheadachewhenIeaticecreamtooquickly?
Scientistsaren'
texactlysurewhatcausesthebrainfreezewhenweeaticecreamorothersupercoldfoodstooquickly,thoughsomebelieveit'
stheresultofchangedblood.flowinthenervoussystem.Bloodvesselsintheheadtightentostopthelossofbodyheatandthenrelaxtoletbloodflowrise;
thatsuddenrushofbloodiswhatcausestheheadache.Youcanimproveanice-creamheadachebyrapidlyrubbingyourtongueacrosstheroofofyourmouthtohelpwarmupthings.
WhatcausesmystomachtomakealowcontinuousnoisewhenI'
mhungry?
Actually,yourstomachmakesnoisewhetheryou'
rehungryorfull;
youjusthearitmoreclearlywhenyou'
rehungry.Thinkofyourdigestivetract（消化道）asareallylongtubelinedwithsmoothmuscletissue.Thesemusclesmovefood,fluidsandgasthroughyourdigestivetract.___________.Itcanmakeyoufeelembarrassed（尴尬的）butisnothingtoworryabout.
WhydoIblushwhenI'
membarrassed?
Whenyou'
reembarrassed,yourbrainreleasesashotofadrenaline（肾上腺素）,whichmakesyourheartraceandbloodvesselsbecomelargerinsize.Allthishappenstoincreasebloodflowandoxygendeliverythroughoutthebodyinafight-or-flightreaction（对抗反应）.Therearealotoftinybloodvesselsinyourface,whichturnnoticeablyredderfromthissuddenrushofblood.Asfortheactualfunctionofblushing,researchersarestilltryingtofindthatoneout.
Whyareyawnscontagious?
Haveyoueveryawnedinfrontofsomeone,onlytohavethemyawnrightback?
It'
sacommonthing,butresearchersdon'
thaveagoodexplanationforit.Theydo,however,knowthishappensonlywithhumansandchimpanzees（黑猩猩）.Abiggerquestionpuzzlingscientistsiswhyweyawnatall.Itusedtobethoughtthatyawningshowedthatoxygentothebrainwasnotenough,butthat'
sjustamyth.Agrowingbodyofresearchnowshowsthatyawningisnature'
swayofkeepingourbrainscool.
（1）Whatistheme
升级会员 