专升本辅导词汇讲义.docx

专升本辅导词汇讲义.docx

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专升本辅导词汇讲义

第一章（PartofSpeech）

第一节测试要点及解题技巧

一、测试要点

（一）考词类：

名词、动词、形容词、副词。

（二）考构词法：

前缀、后缀。

二、解题技巧

（一）确定空缺词汇的词类和词义

如：

Thefirstphaseinvolvedthe（preserve）ofwildlifethroughlawsandhuntingregulations.

（二）明确各类词性词汇在句子中的语法功能

○名词：

作主语、宾语、表语

○动词：

作谓语

○形容词：

作定语修饰名词；作表语时置于系动词后；作宾语补足语

○副词：

作状语修饰动词或形容词

（三）确定是否使用前缀或后缀（从句子意义连贯入手）

如：

WhenIapplyforjobIfindIamalwaysata（advantage）becauseIcan’tdrive.

（四）动词时态语态与名词单、复数的正确使用

如：

Thechild（terrify）intocryingwhenheheardtheexplosion.

第二节历年真题考点一览

○考副词6个，占10%：

originally,frequently,really,carefully,helplessly,occasionally

○考动词7个占12%：

dislike,enlarge,enrich,strengthen,modernize,

shouldbe

○考名词19个占32%：

observation,preservation,collection,application,electricity,ability,society,poverty,decision,expansion,argument,amusement,absence,complaint,politics,pressure,observer,container,freedom

○考形容词28个占46%：

前缀：

unexpected,unfair,unscientific,unusual

后缀：

leading,willing,cheating,disappointing,instinctive,competitive（2次）,effective,successful,cheerful,enriched,excited,leisured,satisfied,given,energetic,economic,original,additional,profitable,religious,certain,likely,,favorite,

○前缀不易出题，若出，多为dis-,en-,un-,mis-,in-/im-/il-/ir-

第三节词缀例举

（一）容易入题的前缀（5个）

○en-:

tomake;causetobe使成为；使变成

Enable,endanger,enlarge,enlighten,ennoble,enrich,entitle

○dis-:

theoppositeof相反；否定

Disable,disadvantage,disagree,disappear,discharge（释放，排出）,disclose,discourage,discover,discovery,dishonor,dislike,disorder,disapprove,disgrace

○mis-:

bad;wrong坏；错

Mislead,mistake,misread,misunderstand,misunderstanding,misspelling,misjudge

○un-:

①用于构成形容词或副词,“非”。

Unable,unbearable,uncertain,uncomfortable,unconscious,undoubtedly,uneasy（心神不安的），unexpected,unfair,unfortunate（ly）,unhappy,unjust,unkind,unknown,unlike,unlikely,unnecessary,unpleasant,unsatisfactory,unstable,unsuitable,unusual（ly）,unwilling.

②用于构成动词，“做与……相反的动作”。

Uncover,undress,untie,undo,unlock.

○in-:

not（l前变为il-;b、m、p前变为im-;r前变为ir-）

Incorrect,indefinite,independence,independent,indifferent,indirect,indispensable,inefficient,inevitable,inexpensive,insufficient,invisible;

Impossible,immobile,impatient,imbalance;

Illegal,illogical;

Irregular.

（二）后缀

○典型动词后缀（3个）

①-en:

tocausetobeortohave使成为；使……变成

Waken,strengthen,sharpen,hasten,weaken,stiffen,lighten,fasten,deepen,loosen,quicken,widen,threaten,ripen,harden,brighten,lengthen,soften,darken,broaden,whiten,shorten，tighten

②-ify;-fy:

tomakeorbecome使……成为

Amplify,beautify,clarify,classify,identify,intensify,justify,qualify,specify,purify,simplify

③-ize;-ise:

没有特殊含义，仅为构成动词而已

Summarize,sympathize,specialize,recognize,realize,organize,industrialize,fertilize,emphasize,criticize,civilize,analyze,modernize,popularize,legalize

○典型名词后缀（17个）

◆-ness:

happiness,goodness,illness,sadness,sickness,consciousness,kindness,thickness,weakness

◆-hood:

childhood,neighborhood

◆-ship:

leadership,relationship,friendship,scholarship,ownership,partnership,workmanship（技艺，手艺）,hardship

◆-dom:

kingdom,boredom,freedom,wisdom

◆-ure:

exposure,moisture,mixture,literature,signature,pleasure,pressure,failure,closure,manufacture

◆-age:

storage,postage,shortage,passage,package,marriage,advantage,disadvantage,percentage

◆-ability/-ibility:

ability,possibility,reliability,flexibility,probability,stability,impossibility,capability,responsibility

◆-ment:

statement,punishment,refreshment,settlement,payment,pavement,measurement,management,investment,judgment,employment,establishment,equipment,government,improvement,arrangement,argument,amusement,achievement,advertisement,movement,development,treatment,assignment,requirement

◆-ing:

beginning,building,clothing,drawing,ending,feeling,engineering,finding,greeting,heading,heating,learning,meaning,landing,lightning,meeting,opening,painting,reading,saving,spelling,teaching,training,turning,writing

◆-th:

warmth,growth,breadth,width,length,breath

◆-aint:

complaint,restraint

◆-al:

removal,terminal,refusal,arrival,proposal,memorial,disposal,trial,approval,disapproval

◆-er/-ar/-or/-r:

①表示从事某种活动的人：

writer,worker,winner,waiter,visitor,teacher,seller,buyer,sailor,runner,ruler,robber,player,rider,researcher,reporter,porter,inventor,interpreter,leader,lawyer,listener,liar,lover,messenger,manager,miner,operator,painter,passenger,philosopher,editor,employer,farmer,observer,gardener,governor,actor,announcer,beggar,manufacturer,beginner,calculator,driver,director,reader,receiver,conductor

②表示住在某地的人：

villager,foreigner,officer,prisoner

③表示某种用途的器具：

generator,fertilizer,receiver,drawer,container,computer,carrier,calculator,typewriter,recorder

④其它：

prayer,stranger,teenager

◆-sion/-ssion:

transmission,succession,precision,possession,profession,invasion,permission,explosion,expression,extension,expansion,impression,conclusion,confusion,conversion,decision,discussion,division

◆-ion/-ition/-ation:

vibration,tradition,translation,transportation,transformation,suggestion,temptation,solution,pollution,population,plantation,precaution,preparation,production,pronunciation,quotation,reaction,publication,protection,proportion,radiation,recommendation,reduction,reflection,rebellion,relation,regulation,repetition,recognition,reception,restriction,resignation,resolution,rotation,satisfaction,intention,instruction,institution,separation,selection,interaction,information,injection,inspection,installation,investigation,invention,introduction,interruption,interpretation,invitation,limitation,location,negation,navigation,operation,organization,observation,objection,occupation,edition,education,duration,election,elimination,foundation,exhibition,exception,explanation,evolution,formation,indication,illustration,identification,imagination,addition,action,attention,association,administration,calculation,civilization,classification,connection,conversation,correction,concentration,consumption,constitution,consideration,contradiction,convention,definition,destruction,determination,conservation,distribution,distinction,direction,diction,congratulation,corporation,solution,variation.

◆-ance/-ence/-ency/-ense:

absence,acceptance,acquaintance,accordance,confidence,consequence,convenience,defense,difference,efficiency,emergency,evidence,existence,guidance,frequency,indifference,independence,importance,preference,presence,reference,resistance,reliance,silence,significance,intelligence,interference,innocence,occurrence,tolerance,violence,performance,tendency,patience

◆-y/-ty/-ity/-ry/-ery:

variety,sympathy,technology,simplicity,security,robbery,relativity,reality,recovery,radioactivity,prosperity,quality,quantity,purity,poverty,poetry,summary,injury,inquiry,liberty,majority,loyalty,minority,misery,honesty,philosophy,nursery,necessity,nationality,mystery,gravity,grocery,electricity,society,accuracy,anxiety,authority,beauty,capacity,chemistry,certainty,cruelty,curiosity,creativity,difficulty,discovery,intensity,safety,activity

◆表示人的名词后缀还有：

actress,American,assistant,Arabian,Asian,Australian,Canadian,Chemist,Chinese,Japanese,Christian,German,hostess,heroine,Italian,journalist,Marxist,musician,physician,physicist,patient,politician,republican,scientist,specialist,servant,socialist,technician,tourist,volunteer,inhabitant,stewardess.

○典型形容词后缀（15个）

◆由-ing分词转化而来的形容词（其否定形式常加un-）

Absorbing,alarming,amusing,annoying,astonishing,boring,challenging,changing,charming,comforting,confusing,convincing,disappointing,discouraging,disturbing,embarrassing,encouraging,exciting,fascinating,frightening,humiliating,interesting,missing,misleading,pleasing,promising,puzzling,refreshing,shocking,striking,surprisingterrifying,tiring,worrying,living,satisfying,leading,dying,following,leading,corresponding.

◆由-ed分词转化而来的形容词

Alarmed,amazed,amused,bored,civilized,disappointed,educated,embarrassed,excited,fascinated,frightened,interested,pleased,relaxed,satisfied,shocked,surprised,tired,unexpected,unfinished,unknown,unsettled,worried,married,skilled,advanced,ashamed,beloved,learned,limited,accustomed,wicked.

◆-y:

worthy,weary,wealthy,sunny,stormy,sticky,muddy,noisy,lucky,snowy,sleepy,shady,handy,rusty,sandy,rainy,windy,funny,guilty,slippery,healthy,hasty,hungry,angry,stony,dirty.

◆-able:

preferable,acceptable,respectable,portable,remarkable,reasonable,reliable,sensible,advisable,available,capable,durable,favorable,fashionable,honorable,desirable,measurable,soluble,miserable,noticeable,suitable,variable.

◆-al:

racial,rational,practical,professional,proportional,abnormal,additional,industrial,actual,accidental,beneficial,chemical,financial,emotional,essential,experimental,electrical,final,fatal,grammatical,habitual,historical,gradual,identical,horizontal,critical,loyal,logical,physical,statistical,tropical,criminal,partial,musical,mineral,continual,conventional,substantial,structural,special,oriental,occasional,intentional,economical,intellectual,mechanical,influential,operational,personal,spiritual,technical,theoretical,traditional,political.

◆-en:

wooden,woolen,golden,rotten

◆-less:

worthless,wireless,needless,hopeless,helpless,careless,restless,endless.

◆-ful:

youthful,wonderful,thoughtful,successful,doubtful,painful,peaceful,mouthful,joyful,plentiful,powerful,skillful,respectful,careful,che