美国文学篇章赏析Word文件下载.docx

美国文学篇章赏析Word文件下载.docx

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swell-beingisatoddswithhistrueintentions.

thenamesofthewinesnotedthroughoutthestoryandtheirpossiblesymbolism.forexample,"

medoc"

forfortunatosohecanfendoffthecoldand"

degrave"

whileheiswalkingtohisowngrave.

TherearefourpossiblereasonswhyFortunatovolunteeredtocheckifitwerereallyAmontillado.

1）Hewasdrunk.2）Thefestivalwasgoingonandhewasinhighspirits.3）HewantedtoprovethathewasbetterthanLuchesi.4）Hewas,ofcourse,trickedbyMontresor.Heputinmuchexaggerationandfalsityintohis'

speech'

toeggFortunadointoenteringthecryptorhewouldneverbeabletoexactrevenge.

"

FreeMasonrefrence"

WhenMontressorwastalkingabout"

being"

amasonhewasprobablyrespondinginscarcasimtoFortunato'

squestion.Montressorcleverlyknowsthatheisdeteringtheattentionofhisdrunkinfriendwhenhepullsouthistrowel（whichisatoolformasony）.AtthatpointintheconversationitseemsthatFortundoaknowledgeshelosttheconversationinhisintoxicationandmovesalongtotheAmontillado.

theabnormalsocialphenomenaexistinthereality,theintrigueamongpeopletogainprofitsandalsotheimmoralmeasurespeopletookforpanninggoldattheGoldRushEra.

TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty

Plot：

Thenarratorissentbyafriendonanerrandtovisitanoldman,SimonWheeler,tofindanoldacquaintanceofhisfriend,LeonidasW.Smiley.ThenarratorfindsSimonatthe"

decayedminingcampofAngel'

s"

Thenarratorasksthefat,bald-headedmanofLeonidas.Simonrespondsthathedoesn'

tknowaLeonidasSmiley,butheknowsofaJimSmiley.FromthereSimontellsthestoryofJim.

Themes:

AculturedEasternerrelateshisrecentvisittoatalkativeoldmanatawesternminingcamp.RatherthanprovidinginformationthattheEasternerislookingfor,theoldmankeepshimwaitingwhilehespinsataleaboutabettingmanandhispetfrog.

CultureClash:

ithighlightsvariousaspectsoflatenineteenth-centuryAmericansocietyandculturethroughtheretellingofatalltale.Centraltothestoryistheideaofconflictingcultures,particularlytheclashbetweenthesettled,easternportionoftheUnitedStatesandthestill-developingWest.AtthetimeTwainwrotethestory,theEastanditsinhabitantshadareputationforbeingcivilized,cultured,andadvanced.TheWest,ontheotherhand,wasstillbeingsettledandwasconsideredtobepopulated.

Style:

Theframetalestructure.Inaframetale,onestoryappearsin—thatis,itisframedby—anotherstory.In"

JumpingFrog"

theoutertalefocusesonMarkTwainandhismeetingwiththetalkativeoldstoryteller,SimonWheeler.ThismeetingoccursattherequestofafriendofTwain'

s,identifiedinsomeversionsofthetaleasA.Ward,whosupposedlywantstofindoutaboutanoldacquaintancenamedLeonidasSmiley.Twainreveals,however,thathesuspectshisfriend'

srequestwasmerelyapracticaljokedesignedtowastehistime.Twain'

ssuspicionsaboutthemeetingandhisdescriptionsofWheelerappearinthefewparagraphsthatopenandclosetheentirestory.

幽默艺术的四个特点:

用夸张的手法突出幽默对象的实质特征;

用漫画的技巧追求幽默艺术的深刻性;

运用年夜量土语和俚语增强幽默效果;

巧妙地构思出一些奇特、曲折的故事情节,增强幽默的感染力.

AClean,Well-LightedPlace

Theoldmanisafraidofthedarknessandloneliness,Heneedcafe'

swhiskeytoencouragehimselftolive,toinsist.Thecaferepresentsthesoulshelterortherestharborforthetwo.

Oneman'

slonelinessandisolationfromtherestoftheworld.theyoungerwaiterandtheolderonearedifferent.Theolderonehasmorexpintheworld,sohecanunderstandtheoldmanbetter.Nothingnessisthekeynoteofthewholestory.

Intheend,Hemingwayleavesuswithanuniversalitytothetaleinthat:

"

Manymusthaveit."

Notonlydomanypeoplehavetheinsomniaandsleeplessness,buttheyalsoexperiencelonelinessandtheneedforaclean,well-lightedplaceinwhichtofeelsafe,orperhapsinsulated.

SomehavearguedthatHemingwaycontrastslightandshadowtodifferentiatetheoldmanandtheyoungpeoplearoundhim,andusesthedeafnessoftheoldmanasasymbolforhisseparationfromtherestoftheworld.Hemingwayusesthewaiterstojudgetheoldmanandportrayhisviews.Asacleandrunk,themandoesnotspilladropashedrinksandwalks"

unsteadilybutwithdignity"

whenhefinallyleavesthecafé

.Thewaiterstalkbetweenthemselvesastheyoungwaiteraskstheoldwaitertheman’sstory.Hewondershowanyonecouldsitalonedrinkinginthecafé

insteadofbuyingabottleforhimselfanddrinkinthecomfortofhisownhome.Itisthentheoldwaiterwhodefendstheman.Theoldwaiteracknowledgesthatitisbetterforthemantohavemanydrinksinpublicthananydrinksinprivate.

Anotherwaytoanalyzetherelationshipsbetweenthemenistocomparethemasoneperson.Theyoungwaitercomplainsabouthavingtostickaroundthecafé

waitingforthemantofinishdrinking.Heclaimsthathehasawifetogohometoandhewouldratherbeinbedthaninthecafé

.Theoldwaiterdefendsthedrinkingmanbecausehecanrelateandevenseehimselfintheman.Hesympathizesknowingthathe,too,prefersacleanwelllightedplacetodrinkandwilllaterappreciatesuchaplaceinhisolddrinkingage.Theoldmanisinhisfinalyearsoflifeandtheoldwaiterrecognizesthathesoonwillhavethesamefateastheoldman.Aprogressionofageisseenamongthecharactersdemonstratingthetransitionfrombeingyoungandsocialtoagingandfeelinglonely.Hemingwayportraysadifferenceinage,experience,andopinionofdrinkingthroughtheuniquecharacters.虚无就是黑暗孤独,无希望、无意义、精神无所寄托的迷惘.

BarnBurning

Thestorydealswithclassconflicts,theinfluenceoffathers,andvengeanceasviewedthroughthethird-personperspectiveofayoung,impressionablechild.

Characters：

∙ColonelSartorisSnopes（"

Sarty"

）-protagonist

∙AbnerSnopes–patriarchoftheSnopesfamily,Antagonist

∙LennieSnopes–wifeofAbnerandmotherofSarty

∙Lizzie–unmarriedsisterofLennieSnopes

∙MajordeSpain-Snopes'

semployer

Plotsummary：

AbnerSnopes,thefatherofyoung"

Snopes,isbeingdrivenoutoftownafterburningdownhislandlord'

sbarn.InthecourtcasethatopensthestoryandinwhichSartyisinitiallycalledtotestify,nopalpableproofcanpointtoAbnerastheculprit,buttheSnopesfamilyisorderedtoleavethecounty.TheymovetoanewplacewhereAbneristoworkasasharecropperforMajordeSpain,butAbnercannotseemtocontrolhispyromaniaandhatredforsociety.

Shortlyafterarrivingathisnewposition,AbnervisitsMajordeSpain'

shouseandtrackshorsedroppingsonablondrug.MajordeSpainordersAbnertocleantherug,whichhedoesbyusingaharshlyesoap,ruiningtherugbeyondrepair,beforethrowingtherugontoMajordeSpain'

sfrontporch.MajordeSpainleviesonAbnerafineof20bushelsofcornagainstthepriceoftherug.Atcourt,aJusticeofthePeacereducesthefinetotenbushelsofcorn.Feelingonceagainwronged,AbnermakespreparationstosetfiretoMajordeSpain'

sbarn.SartywarnsMajordeSpainofhisfather'

sintentionstoburndownhisbarnandthenfleesinthedirectionofhisfather.HeissoonovertakenbyMajordeSpainonhishorseandjumpsintotheditchtogetoutoftheway.Sartyhearstwogunshots,butwhogetsshotisneverrevealed;

thefatherandthebrotherappearinworkssetafter"

BarnBurning."

Profoundlyaffectedbyhisfather'

slegacy,theboydoesnotreturntohisfamilybutcontinuesonwithhislifealone.

Theme:

AlienationandLoneliness

In"

BarnBurning,"

Faulknerdepictsachild,onthevergeofmoralawareness,whofindshimselfcutofffromthelargersocialworldofwhichheisgrowingconscious;

thissenseofalienationtakesroot,moreover,inSarty'

srelationwithhisfather,whoshouldbethemoralmodelandmeansofentryofthechildintothelargerworld.Becauseofhisfather'

scriminalrecklessness,Sartyfindshimself,inthefirstpartofthestory,theobjectofaninsult.

Themostnoticeablefeatureofishissyntaxorsentencestructure.Faulkner'

ssentencestendtobelong,fullofinterruptions,butworkbasicallybystringingoutseeminglymeanderingsequencesofclauses.Thesecondsentenceof"

BarnBurning"

offersacaseinpoint:

Itis116wordslongandcontainsbetweentwelveandsixteenclauses,dependingonhowoneparsesitout;

itscontentisheterogeneous,movingfromSarty'

sawarenessofthesmellofcheeseinthegeneralstorethroughthevisualimpressionmadebycannedgoodsontheshelvestotheboy'

ssenseofbloodloyaltywithhisaccusedfather.Itisthesubjectivityofthecontent—senseimpressions,randomemotionsandconvictions—whichrevealsthepurposeofthesyntax.

Iffamilytiesconstituteamoralobligationontheindividual,isthereanyhighermoralitywhichmightrequiretheindividualtoactagainstafamilymember?

Thisisthequestionthatten-year-oldSartyconfronts—andanswers.

TheGreatGatsby

CultureClash.ByjuxtaposingcharactersfromtheWestandEastinAmericainTheGreatGatsby,Fitzgeraldwasmakingsomemoralobservationsaboutthepeoplewholivethere.ThoseintheMidwest—thenewlyarrivedNickCarraway—w