高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 45.docx

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 45.docx

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高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day45

高一英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day45

Passage1

Onehundredyearsago,"Colored"wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor"Negro."Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby"Black."Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat"AfricanAmerican"wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas"ItalianAmericans"and"IrishAmericans,"thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.

Acentury'sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm"Black"carriedconnotations（涵义）thatweremorenegativethanthoseof"AfricanAmerican."

Butifitwasknownthat"Black"peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom"AfricanAmericans,"researchers,untilnow,hadn'tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity'sErikaHall,foundthat"Black"peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan"AfricanAmericans"becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,"Black"peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcolderpersonalities.

Thestudy'smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.Evenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaresume,itappears,cantapintorecruiters'biases.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliationswithgroupssuchasthe"WisconsinAssociationofAfrican﹣AmericanLawyers"orthe"NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation,"thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers'control.

Inoneofthestudy'sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdescriptionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewasidentifiedas"African﹣American,"andanotherwastoldhewas"Black."Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMr.William'ssalary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground.

The"African-American"groupestimatedthatheearnedabout37000ayearandhadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The"Black"group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout39000,andguessedthathehadonly"some"collegeexperience.Nearlythree﹣quartersofthefirstgroupguessedthatMr.Williamsworkedatamanageriallevel,whileonly38

5percentofthesecondgroupthoughtso.

Hall'sfindingssuggestthere'sanargumenttobemadeforelectingtouse"AfricanAmerican,"thoughonecan'thelpbutgetthesensethatit'sadecisionthatpapersovertheurgencyofcontinuedprogress.Perhapsanewphraseisneeded,onethatcanbringeveryoneonebigstepclosertorealizingDuBois'soriginal,idealistichope：

"It'snotthename﹣it'stheThingthatcounts."

1.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm"AfricanAmerican"forpeopleofAfricandescent?

________

A.Itisfreefromracialbiases.

B.Itrepresentssocialprogress.

C.ItisintheinterestofcommonAmericans.

D.Itfollowsthestandardnamingpractice.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenamingofanethnicgroup?

________

A.Itadvanceswiththetimes.

B.Itisbasedonracialroots.

C.Itmeritsintensivestudy.

D.Itispoliticallysensitive.

3.WhatdoErikaHall'sfindingsindicate?

________

A.Racialbiasesarewidespreadintheprofessionalworld.

B.Manyapplicantsdon'tattendtodetailsontheirresumes.

C.Jobseekersshouldallbecarefulabouttheiraffiliations.

D.Mostrecruitersareunabletocontroltheirracialbiases.

4.WhatdoesErikaHallfindinherexperimentaboutamanwiththelastnameWilliams?

________

A.AfricanAmericansfarebetterthanmanyotherethnicgroups.

B.Blackpeople'ssocioeconomicstatusinAmericaremainslow.

C.People'sconceptionofapersonhasmuchtodowiththewayheorsheislabeled.

D.One'sprofessionalstandingandincomearerelatedtotheireducationalbackground.

5.WhatisDr.DuBois'sideal?

________

A.AllAmericansenjoyequalrights.

B.Apersonisjudgedbytheirworth.

C.AnewtermiscreatedtoaddressAfricanAmericans.

D.Allethnicgroupssharethenation'scontinuedprogress.

Passage2

Hardtobelievethatsomethingassimpleasmakingapizzacanchangealife.Butthat'sexactlywhat'shappeningbehindthewallsoftheCookCountyJail（监狱）.

It'sallpartofaprogramcalledRecipeforChange.Themanbehindtheprogramiswell-knownChicagoChef（大厨）BrunoAbate.Besidesrunninghisownrestaurant,Abatespends5daysaweekinjailteachingprisonerstheartofpizzaandchange."Theprisonersarehuman.Theydeserveachanceandtheydeservetochangetheirlife,"Abatesaid.Andthat'sonereasonhestartedhisRecipeforChangethreeyearsago.

AndintheCookCountyJail,helpcomesinthefromofpizza.ChefAbateandhisteamdonatetheirtimetoteachprisonershowtocookthepies.Thosepizzasarethensoldtootherprisonersinthejail.Therearesixtochoosefrom,allcosting5to7dollars.ItisabigwinforprisonerslikeSterling,whohasdreamsofopeninghisownrestaurant."Iwanttostartmyownrestaurantandmaybehiresomeoftheseguystohelpmeout,"Sterlingsaid.Andthat'swhatthisisreallyabout,givingprisonerstheskillsneededtolandajoboncetheygetout.

LikeSterling,Karimalsohasdreamsofrunningarestaurant."Growingup,Ireallydidn'thaveafatherfigure.ButAbatealwaystalkedaboutchangeandmistakes.Whenyoufall,thereisnothingbuttogetup."Karimsaid.

AndhelpingthosewhofallgetbackupisataskthatChefAbatehopeseveryonewillsupport."AlltherestaurantinChicago,supermarkets,ifyouneedsomepeople,Icanteachthemforyou.Letmeknowwhatyouneed.Hereweare."Abatesaid.

1.AbatestartedRecipeforchangeto________

A.makehimselfwell-known

B.sellhispizzatotheprisoners

C.earnmoremoneyfortheprison

D.giveprisonersachancetochange

2.Theunderlined“theseguys”inparagraph3probablyrefersto________

A.chefslikeAbateB.thefellowprisoners

C.workersintheprisonD.Abate’steammembers

3.FromthelasttwoparagraphwelearnAbate________

A.oncemademistakeshimself

B.islookingforanewbusinesspartner

C.wantsmorepeopletohelpthosewhofall

D.intendstoopenmorerestaurantsinChicago

4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

________

A.LifeintheCookCountyJail

B.AWell-knownChicagoChef

C.PizzaChangingPrisoners'Life

D.DreamsofRunningaRestaurant

Passage3

BarackObamawasbornonAugust4,1961inHonolulu,Hawaii.HisfathercametoAmericafromKenya,whichisacountryinAfrica.Hisparents,AnnandBarack,metwhentheywerestudentsattheUniversityofHawaii.SinceBarackhadthesamenameashisfather,youngBarackwentbythenickname"Barry".

In1979,afterhefinishedhighschool,BarrywenttoOccidentalCollegeinLosAngeles,California.There,hestartedtolearnabouthisAfricanrootsanddecidedtousehisAfricanname,Barack.AftertwoyearsinL.A.,hewenttoColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCitytostudypolitics.

Aftercollege,hemovedtoChicago,Illinois,whereheworkedtohelppoorpeopleinhiscity.HetraveledtoAfricatomeethisgrandmotherandcousinsforthefirsttime.Hewentbackmanytimesovertheyearstovisitwithhisfamilyandlearnaboutwherehecamefrom.Atwork,hemetalawyernamedMichelleRobinson.Theyworkedtogetherinabiglawfirm.ThenheleftChicagotogotoHarvardLawSchoolinCambridge,Massachusetts.Hedidverywellinlawschool.

Afterhewasdonewithschool,BarackmovedbacktoChicagoandin1992hemarriedMichelle.Heworkedasalawyer,devotedtohelpingpoorpeopleforfreewhohadbeentreatedunfairly.Heworkedhardtogetthepeoplehehelpedtovote（投票）.

Hemademanypeoplebelievethattheirvoteswereimportant,andhelpedthemfeelliketheycouldmakeadifference.

1.BarackObama'sfatherwasprobablybornin________.

A.HawaiiB.CaliforniaC.IllinoisD.Kenya

2.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothetext?

________

①GettingmarriedtoMichelle.

②TravellingtoAfricatomeethisgrandmother

③GoingtoHarvardLawSchool

④GoingtoColumbiaUniversity

⑤Workinginabiglawfirm.

A.④②⑤③①B.④③②⑤①C.③④①⑤②D.②①⑤④③

3.HowdidObamagetpeopletovote?

________

A.Bycheatingthemtodoso.

B.Bymakingadifferencetopeople.

C.Byshowingthemtheimportanceoftheirvotes.

D.Byhelpingpoorpeoplewhotreatothersunfairly.

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBarackObama?

________

A.HumorousB.Polite

C.BraveD.Kind-hearted

Passage4

In1977,adeadauthorofdetectivestoriessavedthelifeofa19-month-oldbabyinamostunusualway.TheauthorwasAgathaChristie,oneofthemostsuccessfulwritersofdetectivestoriesintheworld.

InJune1977,ababygirlbecameseriouslyillinQatar,nearSaudiArabia.Doctorswereunabletofindoutthecauseofherillnesswithconfidence,soshewassenttoHammersmithHospitalinLondon.Shewasthenonlysemi-consciousandonthe"DangerouslyIll"list.Ateamofdoctorshurriedtoexaminethebabyonlytodiscoverthatthey,too,wereconfusedbytheveryunusualsymptoms（症状）.Whiletheywerediscussingthebaby'scase,anurseaskedtospeaktothem.

"Excuseme,"saidNurseMarshaMaitlan,"butIthinkthebabyissufferingfromthallium（铊）poisoning（中毒）."

"Whatmakesyouthinkthat?

"Dr.Brownasked."Thalliumpoisoningisextremelyrare."

"Afewdaysago,IwasreadinganovelcalledAPaleHorsebyAgathaChristie,"NurseMaitlanexplained."Inthebook,somebodyusesthallium