情态动词的用法及练习附答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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“能力=can,但比can的时态
ShewillbeabletoteachEnglish.(一般将来时)
to
更具多样性。
can无法表达的
Shewasabletotalkwhenshewas2yearsold.(一般过去时)
时态,用beableto表达。
Iwouldlovetobeabletoplaythepiano.(动词不定式)
may
①“请求、允许”(比较礼貌)
MayIcomein?
②“将来的可能性”(50%)
Itmayraintomorrow.
③may在更多的时态中经常
用beallowedto来代替
might
“较小的可能性”(<30%)
ImightmovetoCanadasomeday.
must
1“必须'
(责任、义务)
2“可能性”(撞测00%)
3“禁止”(否定式
Everyonemustpaytaxes.
Shedidn'
tarrive.Shemustbesick.
Youmustn'
tlaywithfire.It'
sdangerous.
haveto
1“必须、不得不”(客观上不得不做)
2多种时态里面代替“must'
因must只有一般现在,但haveto可以有多种时态。
3“不必”(don'
thaveto)
Ihavetobebackat10o'
clock.
Shehadtoseedoctor.(一般过去时)
You'
llhavetoworkhardifyouwantto••-.(一般将来时)
She'
shadtoreturntoKoreaatshortnotice.(现在完成时)
Youdon'
thavetoworkthisevening.Icandothetasksforyou.
need
1need作为实义动词时,need
to=haveto
2need作为情态动词时,用在否定句和疑问句中。
Youneedtoappealtoahighercourt.(实义动词)
Dotheyneedtoknow?
(实义动词)
Heneedn'
tknowaboutit.
NeedIsaymore?
should
1“应该、建议”
2“合理的可能性”
3“不确定的预测”
Youshouldgotothedoctor.
Heshouldbefine.
Profitsshouldincreasenextyear.
oughtto
“应该、建议”=should但
oughtto没有否定形式
Yououghttodrivemorecarefully.
shall
1“法定义务上的必须”
2“提议、建议”
3英国英语,一般将来时助动
词=will
Thedefendantshallpayafineof$200.
Shallwebegin?
ShallIhelpyouwithyourluggage?
Ishallgoshoppingtomorrow.
will
1“自愿性的行为”
2“承诺”
3“预测”
Iwillmakedinner.
Iwillcallyouat4pm.
Thesummerwillbeveryhot.
would
1will的过去式
2“请求允许”
3“礼貌性邀请”
4“预测”
Hesaidhewouldcome.
WouldyoumindifIbroughtacolleaguewithme?
Wouldyouliketojoinmeforlunch?
Iwouldbesurprisedifheisnotelected
usedto
仅仅用于一般过去时
1"
过去常做某事”(usedtodo)
否定句:
didn'
tusetodo通常
用never代替didn'
t
疑问句:
Did-usetodo
2“过曾经做过某事”
3区别beusedto"
习惯于”
beusedto+doing
IusedtodrinkcoffeeeverymorningbutnowIdrinktea.
Ididn'
tuseosmoke.
Ineverusedtosmoke.
Didyouusetosmoke?
SheusedtoliveinLondonbutnowshelivesinNewYork.
Iamusedtosmoking.(我习惯于抽烟),比较下面一个句子。
Iusedtosmoke.(我曾经抽烟)
hadbetter
1“建议”最好…做不做)
否定式hadbetternot
2“警告”
dbettersleepmore.
dbetternotdothatagain.
IhadbetterstudyorIwillfailthetest。
dare
①作为普通动词,dareto(do)
sth,敢做某事,与其匕头义动词用法一致,用于否定句和疑问句中的情况较多一些。
不
定式可以省略to.
Idon'
tdare(to)thinkhowmuchit'
sgoingtocost.
Ineverdared(to)tellherwhathadreallyhappened
Doyoudare(to)tellhimthenews?
②作为普通动词,daresbto
Idareyoutoclimbthathill.(我谅你不敢爬那座山)
do,打赌…不敢做某事”
Shedaredhimtoclimbontotheroof.(她打赌他不敢爬屋顶)
③作为情态动词,dare后加
Idaresaythatthecomputerwouldprovideananswertothat.
not,直接否定,dare提至句首
Idaren'
tthinkhowmuchit'
sgoingtocost.(直接加not否定)
提问,与can的用法类似。
④固定用法:
Dareyoutellhimthenews?
(疑1可句,dare提到句首)
Howdareyou,she•-?
你敢,
Howdareyou?
(你敢?
)
她敢…?
Howdareyoutalktomelikethat!
(你竟敢那样跟我说话!
don'
tyoudare••-!
你敢…!
Don'
tyoudaretrytostopme!
(你敢阻止我?
dareIsayit人息是说句不中
Mylifehasbecomepredictableand,dareIsayit,justalittle
听的话”
dull.
Idaresay=Idaresay,我敢
我的生活变得可预测,说句不中听的话,就是有点枯燥。
说…(daresay只用于一般现
Idaresaytheywillbeexpectedtogodownto
在时第一人称)
Buckinghamshire.
第3类
1.couldhavep.p.
1指过去某事有可能发生,但并木真的发生。
Theycouldhavewontherace,buttheydidn'
ttryhardenough.
Hecouldhavestudiedharder,buthewastoolazyandthat'
swhyhefailedtheexam.
2指过去有能力做某事,但并未真的做过。
Icouldhavestayeduplate,butIdecidedtogotobedearly.
Juliecouldhaveboughtthebook,butsheborroweditfromthelibraryinstead.
3对过去的发生事情做出一种猜测,但实际上并不知道真假。
仅仅是做一种观点上的表达。
Hecouldhavegotstuckintraffic.
Hecouldhaveforgottenthatweweremeetingtoday.
Hecouldhaveoverslept.
2.may/mighthavep.p.(用法与couldhavep.p.第③点相同)
对过去的发生事情做出一种猜测,但实际上并不知道真假。
Hemighthavegotstuckintraffic.
Hemighthaveforgottenthatweweremeetingtoday.
Hemighthaveoverslept.
3.couldn'
thavep.p.
渴望、期望做某事,但由于外部原因不可能做成,即便是很想做。
是一种虚拟语气。
Icouldn'
thavearrivedanyearlier.Therewasaterribletrafficjam(=itwasimpossibleformetohavearrivedanyearlier).
Hecouldn'
thavepassedtheexam,evenifhehadstudiedharder.It'
sareally,reallydifficultexam.
4.should/oughttohavep.p.
有一个好主意,该做而没有做。
为此感到遗憾或惋惜。
Youshould/oughttohavewarnedmeearlier.
Ishouldhavestudiedharder!
(=Ididn'
tstudyveryhardandsoIfailedtheexam.I'
msorryaboutthisnow.)
Ishouldhavegonetobedearly(=Ididn'
tgotobedearlyandnowI'
mtired).
5.shouldn'
某事不该做、但是做了。
对此进行批评。
Ishouldn'
thaveeatensomuchcake!
(=IdideatalotofcakeandnowIdon'
tfeelgood.)
Heshouldnthavetoldthem
6.wouldhavep.p.
1用于虚拟条件句
IfIhadhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhaveboughtacar.
(butIdidn'
thaveenoughmoney,soIdidn'
tbuyacar).
2很渴望做某事,但由于外部原因,根本做不成。
类似虚拟条件句,但不用if引导。
Iwouldhavevisitedyou,butIforgotyouraddress.
Iwouldhavegonetotheparty,butIwasreallybusy.
(=Iwantedtogototheparty,butIdidn'
tbecauseIwasbusy.IfIhadn'
tbeensobusy,Iwouldhavegonetotheparty.)
Iwouldhavecalledyou,butIdidn'
tknowyournumber.
(=IwantedtocallyoubutIdidn'
tknowyournumber,soIdidn'
tcallyou.)
A:
Nobodyvolunteeredtohelpuswiththefair
B:
Iwouldhavehelpedyou.Ididn'
tknowyouneededhelp.
(=IfIhadknownthatyouneededhelp,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.)
7.musthavep.p.
根据事件得出一种逻辑性的结论
Peterhasarrivedlate.Hemusthavebeeninatrafficjam.
根据Peter退到了,在逻辑上推测Peter碰到了堵车。
8.needn'
不必做某事
Youneedn'
thaveboughtit.
情态动词练习1
选择正确的词填空(重难点):
1.Ididn'
tfeelverywellyesterday.I.....eatanything.(couldn'
)tcannot/couldn'
/tcouldn'
2.You.....lookatmewhenIamtalkingtoyou.(should)
could/should/would
3..Iwasusingmypencilaminuteago.It.....beheresomewhere.(must)can/could/must/would
4.Youreally.....belateagain.(mustnot)
mustnot/don'
thavetobe
5.Ifyoudon'
tstartworkingharder,you.....repeatthecoursenextyear.(willhaveto)
haveto/must/willhaveto
6.Hisparentsspoilhim.He'
salwaystodowhateverhewants.(beenable)
beenable/beenableto
7.Phonehernow.She.....homebynow.(mustbe)
hastobe/mustbe/wouldbe
8.You.....forgetyoursuncream.It'
sgoingtobeveryhoib!
u(stn'
)t
thaveto/mustn'
t/needn'
9.I.....beabletohelpyou,butI'
mnotsur^ryieght)
might/would
10.Entrancetothemuseumwasfree.We.....paytogetin.(didn'
tneedtoneedn'
t/didn'
tneedto
11.AlreadyasachildMozart.....playthepianobeautifully.(could)
12.Whichsignareyoumorelikelytoseeatanairport:
Bags.....notbeleftunattended.(must)
can/must/must
13.Ireally.....trytogetfit.(must)
May/must/would
14takeaphotographofyou?
(MayI)
AmIallowedto/MayI
15.Students.....borrowupto6booksatanytime.(areallowedto)
areallowedto/could
16.Whoseisthisbag?
-Idon'
tknow,butit....belongtoYuta.(may)
could/may/should/would
17Igotothebathroom,please?
(May)
May/Must/Would
18.Hisexcuse.....betrue,butIdon'
tbeli^meay)
can/may
19.It'
sveryimportantto.....speakmorethanonelanguage.(beableto)
can/beableto
20.Idon'
tlike...getupearlyonaSunday.(havingto)
beingableto/beingallowedto/havingto
21youspeakFrench?
-Onlyafewwords,butmyRussianisprettygood.(Can)
Can/Could
22youhelpmemovethistable?
(Bothanswersarepossible.(Choosethemorepoliterequest.)
(Could)
23.I.....talkalreadybeforeIwastwoyearsold.(could)
24.I.....helpyou,butIdon'
twantCou(d)
can/could/would
25youopenthewindow,please.(can)
26.I.....movethetable.Itwastooheavy.(couldn'
)tcouldn'
t/mustn'
t/shouldn'
t/wouldn'
27.You.....putyourfeetonthecafeteriatables.(must)mustnot/donothaveto
28.Ifyoucontinuetopractisesohard,you.....beatmebeforetoolong!
(willbeableto)can/could/willbeableto
29youswim?
(Botharepossible.Whichisbetter?
)(Can)
Areyouableto/Can
30.You.....eatsomuchchocolate.It'
snotgoodforyosihouldn'
)tdon'
thaveto/don'
thaveto/shouldn'
31.I'
mafraidI....playtennistomorrow.I'
vegotadentistappointmentcan'
)tcan’t/couldn’t/wouldnotbeableto
32.Youcancometothemeetingifyouwantbutyou(don'
thavetc)
haveto/don'
33.Whatdoyouwanttodo?
-Well,we.....haveapicnic,butitlookslikerain.(could)
can/could/should/would
34.I'
msohungryI.....eatahorse!
(could)can/could/should/would
35.Theteststartsat10.30.You.....belate.(mustn'
thaveto/mustn
36.Whydidn'
tyoutellme?
I.....you!
(couldhavehelped)
couldhelp/couldhavehelped/wasabletohelp/