中考阅读理解的做题方法与技巧Word格式.docx
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2.干扰项可能属从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
3.干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
（正确答案）是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；
但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:
1）Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?
2）Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthistext?
3）Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?
4）Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?
6）What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?
练习：
Passage1
InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.ThefloodofcheaperforeigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable（不能满足的）society.
Question:
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph
A.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.
B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.
C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.
D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.
二．事实细节性
1.解题原则：
忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
2.文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；
有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
3.提问的特殊疑问词常有：
what,who,which,where,how,why等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：
1）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?
2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?
3）Theauthor（orthepassage）statesthat___.
4）Accordingtothepassage,when（where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.）___?
Passage2
Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?
Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……
CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAY
Baby750
Officeworker2,700
Childaged82,100
Womanfeedingbaby2,700
Manover702,100
Boyaged163,000
Woman3,600
Farmer2,600
Q1）____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.
A.55B.175C.325D.275
Q2）WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?
A.
Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anofficeworkerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawomanfeedingababydoes.
D.Afarmerrequiresnearly1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanofficeworkerdoes.
三．词义猜测型
1.同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
2.反义法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。
总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
3.释义法对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
4.情景推断法、代词替代法等
做题要领
1）文中找线索或信息词;
2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。
Passage3:
MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved（应得的，值得的）.
Q:
Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”
A.repeatB.reiterated
C.uneducatedD.sick
四．推理判断型
推理判断题：
高考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力
透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。
以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推理判断题（做题要领）
既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
推理判断型常见的命题方式有：
1.Thepassageimplies（暗示）that_______.
2.Wecanconclude（得出结论）fromthepassagethat_____.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred（推论）?
4.Whatisthetone（语气）oftheauthor?
5.Whatisthepurpose（目的）ofthispassage?
6.Thepassageisintendedto_____.
7.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?
Passage4
Theconcept（n.观念）ofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.About90percentofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividual（n.个人）madesound（adj.健康的）personalhealthchoicesbaseduponpresent（adj.现在的）medicalknowledge.
Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegal（adj.法律的）andmoralboundaries（n.界限）ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesire,wecansmoke,drinkmuch,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodwewant,andliveacompletelysedentary（adj.久坐的，劳心的）lifestylewithoutanyexercise.
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceabouthealthisimportantbecause____.
A.personalhealthchoiceshelpcuremostillnesses.
B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.
C.itisbasictopersonalfreedominAmericansociety.
D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.
Passage5
Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievement（n.成绩）endsupwithuninspiredstudents.
Eisenbergerholds（vi.认为）.Asanexampleofthelatter（adj.近来的）point（n.观点）,henotes（vi.特别指出）growingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotighten（v.使变得更紧）gradingstandards（及格标准）andrestore（vt.恢复使用）failinggrades（不及格分数或标准）.
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_____.
A.rewardingpoorperformance（n.成绩）maykillthecreativityofstudents.
B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding.
C.failing（v.给…不及格）uninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverall（adj.全面的）academic（adj.学校的）standards.
D.Discouraging（vt.使…失去信心）thestudents’anticipation（n.预期之事物）foreasyrewardsisamatterofurgency（n.紧急）.
Summary
研究近几年高考阅读理解试题，我们不难发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力，因此有关阅读理解题目更为重要的是:
主旨大意型，推理判断型
我建议做阅读理解的时候采取边读问题边读阅读材料的方法，具体操作如下
1.一般先读一到两个问题，然后读文章的一至二段，采用上面的做题方法找出答案。
然后再读一到两个题目，再读文章再找答案。
（因为文章设题基本上是根据文章的顺序来的）除了主旨大意题需要我们纵观全文，一般我们都能采取边读问题边读材料的方法，逐个完成。
2.记住先问题后材料，然后用笔把问题中重要的关键词划出来，以便在文章中寻找答案。
3.如果采取先读完问题后读完文章，你会发现问题太多记不住；
如果先读文章，后读问题，你会发先没有目标的阅读效率是极低的，很容易造成回读，所以最好的方法我觉得是边读问题边读材料。
A
Whenmyson,Mark,wasinthethirdgrade,hesavedallhispocketmoneyforoverthreemonthstobuyholidaypresents.ThethirdSaturdayinDecemberMarksaidhehadmadehislistandhadtwentydollarsinhispocket.
Idrovehimtoanearbysupermarket.MarkpickedupahandbasketandwentinwhileIwaitedandwatchedinthecar.IttookMarkover45minutestochoosehispresents.Finallyhecametothecheckoutcounter（交款处）andreachedintohispocketforhismoney.Itwasnotthere!
Therewasaholeinhispocket,butnomoney.Markstoodthereholdinghisbasket,tearsfallingdownhisface.
Thenasurprisingthinghappened.AwomancameuptoMarkandtookhiminherarms.“Youwouldhelpmealotifyouletmepayforyou,”saidthewoman.“Itwouldbethemostwonderfulgiftyoucouldgiveme.Ionlyaskthatonedayyouwillpassiton.Whenyougrowup,Iwouldlikeyoutofindsomeoneyoucanhelp.Whenyouhelpothers,IknowyouwillfeelasgoodaboutitasIdonow.”
Marktookthemoney,driedhistearsandranbacktothecheckoutcounterasfastashecould.ThatyearweallenjoyedourgiftsalmostasmuchasMarkenjoyedgivingthemtous.
Iwouldliketosay“thankyou”tothatverykindwoman,andtellherthatfouryearslater,Markwenthousetohousecollectingblankets（毯子）andclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthefair.AndIwanttopromiseherthatMarkwillneverforgettokeeppassingiton.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
（）46.Whendidthestoryprobablyhappen?
A.OnChristmasDay.B.BeforeChristmasDay.
C.OnNewYear’sDay.D.AfterNewYear’sDay.
（）47.Whentheygottothesupermarket,Markwentin.
A.withthewriterB.byhimselfC.withthewomanD.withhisfriends
（）48.WhathappenedtoMarkinthesupermarket?
A.Hisgiftswerestolen.B.Hebrokehisbasket.
C.Helosthismoney.D.Helosthisway.
（）49.Whydidthewriterwanttosay“thankyou”tothewoman?
A.BecausesheboughtMarkanicepresent.
B.Becauseshealwayspaidmoneyforothers.
C.Becauseshecollectedclothesforthehomeless.
D.BecauseshetaughtMarktohelppeopleinneed.
（）50.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.AbigsupermarketB.AkindwomanC.AhappyfamilyD.Awonderfulgift
B
Everyonehasgottwopersonalities（性格）—theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.Youdon’tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou’reawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourself,butwhenyou’reasleep,yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,youoftenchangeyoursleepingpositions.Theimportantpositionthatbestshowsyoursecretpersonalityistheonethatyougotosleep.
Ifyougotosleeponyourback,you’reaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbynewideas.Youdon’tliketomakepeopleunhappy,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.You’requiteshyandyouaren’tveryconfident.
Ifyousleeponyourstomach,youareapersonwholikestokeepsecrets.Youworryalotandyou’realwayseasilybecomingsad.Youneverwanttochangeyourideas,butyouaresatisfiedwithyourlifethewayitis.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.
Ifyousleeponcurledup（蜷缩
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