解读《阿甘正传》中的美国文化Word文件下载.docx

解读《阿甘正传》中的美国文化Word文件下载.docx

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ApapersubmittedinfulfillmentoftherequirementsofthedegreeofBachelorofArts

TheCollegeofForeignLanguages

ZhoukouNormalUniversity

May,2014

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论文题目：

作者单位：

周口师范学院外国语学院2010级本科4班

作者签名：

2014年5月

Contents

摘要

电影是了解一个国家的镜子,是反映并传播本土文化的一种主要形式。

《阿甘正传》是20世纪90年代末的一种美国经典反智电影。

影片旨在唤起人们对历史的反思和对美国文化的重新审视。

本文通过分析《阿甘正传》创作的社会和文化背景以及电影中展现的历史文化、嬉皮士文化、传统文化和美国梦等美国文化，更好地理解美国社会文化的变迁，从而为解读电影《阿甘正传》提供一个新的角度。

关键词：

《阿甘正传》；

反智影片;

美国社会和文化背景；

美国文化

Abstract

Thefilmisamirrortounderstandacountry,anditisaprimaryformtoreflectandspreadthelocalculture.ForrestGumpisanAmericananti-intellectualismmovieinthelate1990s.ItaimstoevokereflectiononhistoryandtheheartsofcollectionoftheAmericanculture.ThroughtheanalysisofsocialandhistoricalbackgroundaswellasmanydifferentAmericanculturesinthefilm,suchasthehistoricalculture,hippieculture,thetraditionalculture,andAmericandream,thepaperisintendedtounderstandthechangesofAmericanculturesandprovidesanewperspectiveforinterpretingthefilmofForrestGump.

Keywords:

ForrestGump;

anti-intellectualmovie;

Americansocialandculturalbackground;

Americancultures

InterpretationofAmericancultureinForrestGump

I.Introduction

ForrestGumpisawellreceivedAmericanmoviebyaudiencesallovertheworld.Itstatesthehistoryofthesecondhalfof20thcenturyinAmerica.ForrestGumpisanAmericanfilmadaptedfromthenovelwiththesametitle,theauthorofthenovelisWinstonGroom.Inthemovie,Gump,regardedasanincarnationofvirtue,honesty,trustworthy,andbravery,isaverypureimage.Hepromiseshiscomradestobuyashrimpboat.Hefinallyrealizeshislastwishandwinsahugewealthforthem.Gumpispersistent,soherunsacrosstheentireUnitedStates.GumpstandsfortheAmericantraditionalculture.Gumprepresentstheconcernofthemainpeopleandstandsforallofthemainstreamculture.

ThecultureoftheUnitedStatesisprimarilyWestern,butisinfluencedbyNativeAmerican,African,Asian,Polynesian,andLatinAmericancultures.AstrandofwhatmaybedescribedasAmericanculturesstarteditsformationover10,000yearsagowiththemigrationofPaleo-IndiansfromAsia,aswellasfromOceaniaandEurope,intotheregionthatistodaythecontinentalUnitedStates.“TheUnitedStatesofAmericahasitsownuniquesocialandculturalcharacteristicssuchasdialect,music,arts,socialhabits,cuisine,andfolklore”（Larry67）.“TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisanethnicallyandraciallydiversecountryasaresultoflarge-scalemigrationfrommanyethnicallyandraciallydifferentcountriesthroughoutitshistoryaswellasdifferingbirthanddeathratesamongnatives,settlers,andimmigrants”（Xiong39）.ForrestGumprevisespopularmemoriesofthe1960sthroughitsrepresentationsofgenderandraceanditsvisualizationofpostwarhistory.

Thepaperconsistsof5parts.Thefirstpartistheintroductiontothefilmwhichtellsadisabledman’soutstandinglife.ThesecondpartissocialandculturalbackgroundofForrestGump.ThethirdpartanalyzesAmericanculturesinForrestGumpintermsofhistoricalculture,hippieculture,thereturnoftraditionalculture,andAmericandream.ThefilmisthebestinterpretationoftheAmericancultures.ThroughtheanalysisofAmericanculturesinthefilmofForrestGump,wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofthedifferentAmericancultures.

II.TheFilmofForrestGumpAdaptedfromtheNovel

ForrestGumpisa1994AmericanepicromanticfilmbasedonthenovelofthesamenamebyWinstonGroom.ThefilmwasdirectedbyRobertZemeckisandstarredTomHanks,RobinWright,GarySiniseandSallyField.“ThestorydepictsseveraldecadesinthelifeofGump,anaï

veandslow-wittedyetathleticallyprodigiousnativeofAlabamawhowitnesses,andinsomecasesinfluences,someofthedefiningeventsofthelatterhalfofthe20thcenturyintheUnitedStates;

morespecifically,theperiodbetweenForrest'

sbirthin1944and1982”（Robert78）.

ReleasedintheUnitedStatesonJuly6,1994,ForrestGumpreceivedcriticalacclaimandbecameacommercialsuccessasthetopgrossingfilminNorthAmericareleasedthatyear,beingthefirstmajorsuccessforParamountPicturessincethestudio'

ssaletoViacomearlierintheyear.

2.1TheAuthorandHisNovel

WinstonGroomwasborninWashington,D.C.,andwasbroughtupinMobile,AlabamawherehetookpartinUniversityMilitarySchool（nowknownasUMS-WrightPreparatorySchool）.Groom’searliestaspirationwastobecomealawyerlikehisfather,buthefinallyturnedintoawriter.Hejoinedthearmyfrom1965to1969,includingatourofobligationintheVietnamWar.WhenhereturnedfromVietnam,heactedasareporterfortheWashingtonStar.Groomretiredwhenhewas32,andstartedwritinghisfirstnovelBetterTimesthanThesewhichwascomeoutin1978.HisnextnovelAsSummersDiegotbetterappreciation.In1985,GroommovebacktoMobile,AlabamawherehestartedtowritethenovelForrestGump.Thenovelwaspublishedin1986;

however,itdidnotmakeGroomafamousauthoruntilitwasrecomposedintoafilmwiththesametitlein1994.

2.2AnIntroductiontotheFilm

GumpisamoronwhoseIQisonly75.Atschoolinordertopreventanyotherstudentsofbullying,heobeystoJenny’swordsandstartstorun.Heranfromthemockingfromothers.Heranintothefootballfieldinordertoavoidbeinghitinhighschool,whenthewarwasoverGumpwasregardedasaheroandwasinterviewedbyPresidentJohnson.Inhislife,hemetmanyAmericaneminentpersons.HeexposedtheWatergateAffair,andhewasarefereeoftheAmericantabletennisteamtomatchwithChinese.Towmusicstars,ElvisandJohnLennon,contactedwithhimandproducedmanyfamoussongs.Atlast,Gumpbecameamagnateintheshrimp.Tomarkthedeadbubba,heestablishedtheBubbaandGumpCompany,andgavethecompany’shalfsharestobubba’smother.Finally,hebecameagardener.

Gumpwentthroughmanyaffairsindifferenthistoricalperiods,buthestillkeptsimpleandkind.Inseclusion,hemissedJennyverymuch.However,Jennyhadfallenfromgraceandgivenup.WhenJennycameback,shelivedtogetherwithGumpforalongtime.Inonenight,JennygrabbedGumpbythehandandlaterslippedawayatdawn.Gumpwasverysad,andhesuddenlybegantorun.Manyotherpeopleregardedhisrunningasasymbolofsomething,andfinallythebehaviorbecameatrend.Whenheshutdown,Gumpdecidedtocomebacktohishometown.Onhisway,hegotJenny’sletter,andhedecidedtovisitJenny.AtJenny’shouse,hesawachildwhowashisson.Theydecidedtocomebacktotheirhometowntogether,butJennydiedintheend.Whentheirsoncametotheageofgoingtoschool,Forrestdeliveredhissontotaketheschoolbusandwenttoschool.Thelastsceneisareiterationofhislife.

III.SocialandCulturalBackgroundofForrestGump

Theanti-intellectualsentimentofAmericansocietydevelopedfastin1990s.Atthesametime,HollywoodproducedsomemoviesthatbelittledthemoderncivilizationandadvocatedlowIQ.Americanmedianamedittheanti-intellectualmovie.ForrestGumpwasthemasterpieceoftheanti-intellectualfilmduringthattime.DisadvantagedbyaterriblespineconditionandalowIQ,Forreststrugglesthroughchildhoodinsmall-mindedGreenbow,Alabama.Duetohismentaldisabilities,Forrestbecomesthevictimofacademicdiscrimination,whichhismotherfightsdesperatelytoresolve.Forrest’smotherusesspecialmethodtomakeGumpenrolltheschool.Inadditiontotheseunsettlingevents,Forrestfindshimselftormentedandisolatedbyneighborhoodchildrenandtownspeoplewhoseemincapableoftreatinghimwithanythingbutreproachanddisdain.

Forrestwasalsoanactivepartofmanyimportantevents,includingprotestsledbyGeorgeWallaceagainstdesegregation,andtheanti-waractivismledbyAbbieHoffman.ItalsocontainedtheVietnamWar,thePingPongDiplomacy,BlackPantherPartymeetings,andtheWatergatescandal.“Itwouldbereasonabletosaythatbeingpartofsuchimportanteventsandwouldmakehimvulnerabletothesocialforcesofthetimes,yethislackofcriticalthoughtasaresultoflowintelligenceseemedtoindicatethecompleteopposite–heremainedwhollyobliviousandignorantoftheirsignificance”（Pobert59）.

3.1SocialBackground

ForrestGumpisnotaboutanysinglehistoricalevent,infact,Forrestispresentatalmostallofthehistoricaleventsthattakeplaceduringhislifetime.ObviouslyForrestwasnotpresentatalloftheeventsheisinthemovieinreallife,hewasjustaddedintosomeofthescenes.Itwouldbepossibleforhimtohavewitnessedalloftheeventshedoes,buthewouldhavehadtobeextremelylucky.

ForrestwasamemberoftheUniversityofAlabamafootballteambecauseofhisrunningability.Duringtheperiod,hewasontheteamandhelpingthemwinalltheirgames.Atthattime,PaulBryantwasthecoach,andfinallybecamethecoachwiththemostwinsincollegefootballhistory.WhiletherewasnotanyonewhohadthesamerunningabilityasForrestactuallyontheteam,thecoachwouldhaverecruitedanyonewhodidhavethatkindofability.

Forrestisalsoamemberofaping-pongteamafterherecoversfrombeingshotintheVietnamWar.ForrestisabletovisitChinabeca