定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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gate
7
tomorrow
morning.
Yesterday
I
helped
an
old
had
lost
his
way.
That
teacher
teaches
us
physics.
2．whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr
Liu
person
（
whom
）
you
talked
about
on
bus.
Li
Ming
just
boy
）
see.
professor
waiting
for
has
come.
girl
often
praises
our
monitor.
注意：
关系代词whom
在口语或非正式文体中常可用who
来代替，也可省略。
/
）you
met
now
friend.
3．Which
指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football
game
which
liked
by
most
boys.
factory
makes
computers
far
away
here.
He
likes
read
books
written
foreign
writers.
This
pen
he
bought
yesterday.
film
they
went
tosee
last
night
was
not
interesting
all.
4．that
指人时，相当于who
或whom；
指物时，相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The
number
of
people
that
come
visit
this
city
each
year
reaches
one
million.
Where
saw
morning?
/whom
introduced
me
very
kind.
season
comes
after
spring
summer.
received
letter
came
Australia.
5．Whose
通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I
visited
scientist
whose
name
known
all
over
country.
friend
a
doctor.
once
lived
in
house
roof
fallen
in.
（1）whose在定语从句中，有“所属”含义，本身就是一个限定词，相当于one’s，一般不再与其他限定词连用。
（2）引导定语从句的“whose＋名词”，有时可与ofwhich或ofwhom互换。
Arethereanyroomswhosewindowsfacethesea?
=Arethereanyroomsthewindowsofwhichofwhichthewindows/facethesea?
classroom
door
broken
will
soon
repaired.
=The
which/
whichthe
dooris
Do
like
book
cover
yellow?
=Do
which/of
（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
（which
that）
once
studied
famous.
famous.
Tomorrow
I’ll
bring
here
magazine
asked
for.
Tomorrow
asked.This
（whom
played
tennis
yesterday.
We’ll
hear
famous
singer
we
have
about.
talked.
manager
company
work
pays
much
attention
improving
working
conditions.
１．
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
如：
look
for,
after,
take
care
等。
watch
am
looking
for.
（正）
am
.
（误）
babies
nurse
healthy.
２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,
that；
关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
neighbour.
plane
flew
Canada
really
comfortable.
（正）The
３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,
any,
none,
all,
both,
neither,
many,
most,
each,
few等代词或者数词。
loves
parents
deeply,
both
kind
him.
In
basket
there
quite
many
apples,
some
gone
bad.
There
forty
students
class
big
cities.
Up
now,
ten
stories,
three
country
life
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1．
when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
still
remember
day
first
school.
time
got
together
finally
arrived.
October
1,
1949
People’s
Republic
China
founded.
years
countryside
Grandparents?
2．
where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai
she
born.
ago
been
pulled
down.
farm
lot
cows
were
raised
Is
place
fought
enemy?
定语从句中的先行词为case,point,stage,condition,situation,circumstances,scene,activity以及point时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用
where来引导定语从句；
如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则要用which
that来引导定语从句。
Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalksafely.
Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationswhereEnglishisused.
He'
sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'
slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
Thecasewhich
thatsheexplainedwascommon.
3．
why
指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please
tell
reason
werelateforclass.
punished
unknown
us.
don’t
know
looks
unhappy
today.
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
From
going
primary
what
wanted
grew
up.
Great
changes
taking
live.
refused
invitation
clear.
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上：
不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
意义上：
是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上：
译成先行词的定语：
“．．．的”
关系词的使用上：
A．作宾语时可省略
B．可用that
C．可用who
代替whom
非限制性定语从句
用逗号“，”与主句隔开。
只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
通常译成主句的并列句。
A．不可省略
B．不用that
C．不可用who
限制性定语从句举例：
told
Tom
only
（that）
could
depend
on.
long
history.
street
Africa.
非限制性定语从句举例
：
His
mother,
him
much,
strict
China,
founded
1949,
becoming
more
and
powerful.
Last
summer
Great
Hall,
important
meetings
held
every
year.
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that
引导定语从句的情况
1．当先行词是everything,
anything,
nothing
few,
little,
some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every,
some,
no,
much等代词修饰时。
Have
taken
down
everything
Mr.
said?
seems
impossible
world.
All
can
done
done.
little
do
you.
stayed
library
looked
up
any
information
needed.
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。
London
Big
Ben.
3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
best
ever
seen.
4．当先行词被the
very,
only修饰时。
dictionary
buy.
After
fire
house,
car
thing
owns.
5．当先行词前面有who,
which等疑问代词时。
Who
standing
there?
Which
T-shirt
fits
me
most?
6．当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。
They
persons
things
remembered
Look
donkey
walking
street.
（二）关系代词as和which
引导的定语从句
as
和which
引导非限制性定语从句时，
其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。
具体情况是：
和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代替主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容。
married
her,
natural.
honest,
但在下面的情况下一般只能用as.
1.
引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。
引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外，as
常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
As
developing
John,
know,
writer.
2.
当先行词被such,
same
修饰时，关系词常用as。
I’ve
never
heard
such
stories
he
tells.
He
fool
looks.
week.
1）.当先行词被the
修饰时，也用
that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
thesame…as指同样或同类的；
thesame…that指同一个人或物。
She
wore
dress
Mary’s
wedding.
IfeelthesametodayasIdid
IsthisJohnSmithinthenewspaperthesameonethatIwenttoschoolwith?
2）.当和such连用时，也可以用that来引导从句，such...as引导的是定语从句，意思是像…样的；
such...that用于引导结果状语从句，意思是如此…以至于…
Heissuchagoodteacherasweallrespect.
Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.
Davidissuchagoodboyasalltheteacherslike.
Davidissuchagoodboythatalltheteacherslikehim.
（三）
以
way为先行词的限制性定语从句中，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用
inwhich
that来引导定语从句而且通常可以省略；
way
（that
answered
questions
surprising.
which）
laugh
her.
Ithinktheway
whichhetoldmeisbest.
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。
试比较：
A.
picnic.
its
beautiful
natural
scenery.
B.
forget
days
spent
holidays
together.
C.
dismissed.
is
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