考研英语二阅读真题Word下载.docx

考研英语二阅读真题Word下载.docx

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　　“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome.”Writeoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes,“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.

　　Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhosayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch—up—with—householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.

　　Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing：

working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure;

Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife—sustainingmoola.

　　Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;

theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.

　　Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco—workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

　　21.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome.

　　[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation

　　[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace

　　[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement

　　[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace

　　22.AccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

　　[A]Workingmothers

　　[B]Childlesshusbands

　　[C]Childlesswives

　　[D]Workingfathers

　　23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefactthat.

　　[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives

　　[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

　　[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind

　　[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

　　24.Theword“moola”（Tine4，Para4）mostprobablymeans.

　　[A]energy

　　[B]skills

　　[C]earnings

　　[D]nutrition

　　25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat.

　　[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

　　[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut

　　[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

　　[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

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　　Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudent–thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree–lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerthanandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudent,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose.”Anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

　　Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach（whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram）canclose63percentoftheachievementgap（measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades）betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

　　Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students（whocompletedtheproject）atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingparentwithfour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents（59.1percent）wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantofundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithfour-yeardegree.

　　Theirthesis–thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact–wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

　　Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggledtonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperiences,manyfirst-generationstudentslackofsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandstudents‘likethem’canimprove.”

　　26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas.

　　[A].reducedtheirdropoutrates

　　[B].narrowedtheachievementgap

　　[C].misseditsoriginalpurpose

　　[D].depressedcollegestudents

　　27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause.

　　[A].theproblemissolvable

　　[B].theirapproachiscostless

　　[C].therecruitingratehasincreased

　　[D].theirfindingsappealtostudents

　　28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents.

　　[A].studyatprivateuniversities

　　[B].arefromsingle-parentfamilies

　　[C].areinneedoffinancialsupport

　　[D].havefailedtheircollege

　　29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents.

　　[A].areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

　　[B].canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherprojects

　　[C].maylackopportunitiestoapplyresearchprojects

　　[D].areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

　　30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat.

　　[A].universitiesoftenrejectthecultureoftheirmiddle-class

　　[B].studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

　　[C].socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences.

　　[D].collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Text3

　　Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;

wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”

　　Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery“team”-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitlyconscious;

it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”

　　Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhuranapointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:

Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,”saidKhurana.

　　Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’thaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butifyourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.

　　Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:

Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.

　　31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguages