大学物理学习大纲指导Guidelines for the study of University PhysicsWord文档下载推荐.docx

大学物理学习大纲指导Guidelines for the study of University PhysicsWord文档下载推荐.docx

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Thischapterexercisesgenerallydividedintotwocategories:

thefirstcategoryistheequationofmotionofknownparticle,usingdifferentialmethodforvariousphysicalquantities（velocityandacceleration）;

thesecondisknownandtheinitialconditionsforthevelocityandaccelerationequationsofmotionbyusingintegralmethod.Thesecondkindofproblemandhowtousethevelocitysynthesistheoremtodealwiththevectorandrelativityofmotionisthedifficultpointinthischapter.

Thegeneralsolvingorderofparticlekinematicsproblemis:

A.theclearmeaning,determinetheobjectofstudy,analysisofmovementofobjects.

B.establishesthepropercoordinatesystem.

C.isformulatedandsolvedaccordingtothedefinitionofthephysicalquantitytobedetermined.Oraccordingtothecharacteristicsofthemovementandtheproblemsettingcondition,theequationsaresolved.

D.whennecessary,analyzeanddiscuss.

ThesecondchapterisNewtonianequationofmotion

GraspNewton'

sthreelawandapplicableconditions,mastertheuseofcalculusmethodtosolveone-dimensionalvariableforceunderthedynamicsofparticles.

1,theconceptofmassandforce,andthethreecommonforcesinmechanics--thecharacteristicsofgravity,elasticityandfriction.

2、Newton'

slawofmotionanditsapplicableconditions.

3,practicetheisolationmethodtoanalyzetheforceoftheobject,correctlylisttheforceequationoftheobject,andsolvethesimpleparticledynamicsproblem.

（1）forceanalysisofanobject

Thestepsofdrawingobjects:

A.isolatesthesubjectsanddrawsknownforces;

B.drawsgravity;

C.examinesanddrawstheelasticforcesandfrictionforcesoftheobjectincontactwiththesurroundingobject.

D.shouldbenoted:

eachdrawforcemustbeabletofindtheforceoftheforceapplicationobject.

（two）theapplicationofNewton'

slawofmotion

Newton'

slawsofmotionmainlydealwithtwokindsofproblems:

1,1,knownmotionforforce,thatisknowntotheobjectofmotionphenomenaorlaws（movementequationr=R（T））,theexternalforceactingontheobject.Generallycanbeobtainedafterthefirstforce.

2,2,knowntoforcemotion,acceleration,velocityandmotionequationsforobject,theintegralmethodisavailable.

TheorderofsolutionbyapplyingNewton'

slawsofmotion:

A.theclearmeaning,theselectedobject;

B.stressanalysis,paintingforcediagram;

C.buildscoordinatesandlistsequations;

D.solvingequations,analysisanddiscussion.

Ifthereareseveralobjectsconnectedwitheachother,auxiliaryequationsarelistedaccordingtothesettingconditions,geometricrelationsorrelativeaccelerations.

Thethirdchapteristhelawofconservationofmotion

Mastertheworkforceconcept,calculationofvariableforcepower;

grasptheconceptcharacteristicsandenergyconservativeforcework,powersystemandcalculationofgravity,elasticforce,gravitationalpotentialenergy;

graspforcetimeconcept--momentum,understandthemotionofaparticleplaneangularmovementlawandangularmomentumconservation.Grasptheconservationofmomentumofaparticleandthelawofconservationofmechanicalenergy.

Graspthebasicconceptsofcompleteelasticcollisionandimperfectelasticcollision,andthepracticalapplicationofcollisionproblem.

1,solvetheproblemofvariablework;

2、skillfullyapplyfunctionalrelationshiptosolvesomepracticalsimpleproblems.

3.Applytheprincipleofmomentumandthelawofconservationofmomentum.

（1）thestepsofcalculatingtheworkdonebyachangeofwork;

A.theclearmeaning,determinetheobjectofstudy;

B.drawstheforcediagramoftheobjectinanypositioninthecourseofforce;

C.writesthefunctionalrelationshipoftheforcechangewithposition;

D.takesadisplacementelementDSatanypositionduringthecourseofthework,andwritestheexpressionofthework

E.accordingtothedefinitionofthework,andisdeterminedaftertheintegralupperandlowerlimitcalculation.

（two）thestepsofapplyingkineticenergytheoremtosolveproblems

A.theclearmeaning,clearprocess,determinetheobject;

B.analyzestheforceoftheobjectinanypositionduringtheexternalforce,anddrawstheforcediagram;

C.determinesthespeedofanobjectinthecourseofanexternalforce;

D.accordingtothekineticenergytheorem,theequationsareformulatedandsolved.

（three）applicationoffunctionalprinciplestosolvetheproblem:

A.theclearmeaning,clearprocess,determinetheresearchobject（system）;

B.analyzestheforceofthesystemanddrawsoutexternalforcesandnonconservativeinternalforces;

C.specifiesthepositionofzeropotentialenergy,

Determinethekineticenergyandpotentialenergyofthewholestateofthesystem;

D.accordingtothefunctionalprinciple,thecolumnequationsaresolved.

（four）applyingthelawofconservationofmechanicalenergytosolvetheproblem:

Theorderofthesolutionofthelawofconservationofmechanicalenergyisbasicallythesameasthatofthefunctionprinciple,buttheapplicationconditionofthelawmustbepaidattentiontowhethertheconditionissatisfiedornot.Theconditionsincludethreesituations:

（1）inthestateofthesystemintheprocessofchange,thereisnoexternalandnonconservativeinternalforce;

（2）althoughtheexternalandinternalforcesofnonconservative,butnotwork;

（3）andnonconservativeinternalforceareforpower,butinanydisplacementelement,theyareandtheworkisalwayszero.

（five）applicationstepsofmomentumprinciple:

A.theclearmeaning,accordingtotheproblemofconvenientrequirementsandcalculation,todeterminetheobjectofstudy;

;

B.conductedaforceanalysisofthesubjectsandpaintedadefensiveplot;

C.thespeedatwhichanobjectpassesthroughastateintheactofforce;

D.establishcoordinatesystem,accordingtomomentumprinciple,verticalequationissolved.

（six）applicationofthelawofconservationofmomentum:

Theorderofsolutionofmomentumconservationlawissimilartothatofmomentumprinciple,butattentionshouldbepaidtoit:

ThechoiceofA.system,distinguishtheinternalforceandexternalforceofthesystem;

TheconditionsofB.'

slawofconservationofmomentum,butsometimesinaveryshorttime,theexternalforcesofthesystemaremuchsmallerthantheinternalforcesinthesysteminteraction,andtheexternalforcesarenegligible.Atthispoint,thesystemisstilltreatedasmomentumconservation.Inpracticalproblems,butthecomponentinonedirectioniszero.Inthiscase,thetotalmomentumisconservedinthatdirection.

Thefourthchapterisrigidbodymotion

Understandthegeneralcharacteristicsofthemotionofrigidbody,masteroftheanalyticalmethodoftherotationshaft;

grasptheconceptofrigidbodytorque;

understandtheconceptofmomentofinertiaofrigidbody;

understandtherotatinglaw,fixedaxistheoremofkineticenergyofrotation;

rotationoftheangularmomentumconservationlaw.

1,theapplicationoffixedaxisrotationtheorem;

2.Theapplicationofangularmomentumtheoremandconservationtheoremofangularmomentum.

（1）thesolvingstepsoftherotationtheorem:

A.analyzestheforceoftheobjectanddrawstheforcediagram;

B.theclearmeaning,researchobject;

C.translationalobjectsarelistedaccordingtoNewton'

slaw.Therotationofthefixedaxisisfollowedbytherotationtheorem;

D.accordingtothelinequantityandanglerelation,thecorrespondingequationsarelistedandsolved.

（two）theprincipleofangularmomentumandthesolutionoftheconservationtheoremofangularmomentum:

A.theclearmeaning,researchobject;

B.analyzestheforceoftheobjectanddrawstheforcediagram;

C.analyzesthewholestateofthesubject;

D.liststhecorrespondingequationandsolvetheproblemaccordingtothe.

Thefifthchapter,specialtheoryofrelativity

Tounderstandthetwobasicassumptionsofthetheoryofrelativity;

understandthemathematicalbasisofthetheoryofrelativity（Lorentztransformation）;

understandingthekinematicsofrapidlymovingobjectsinspecialrelativityanddynamicbasiccontent;

understandingrelativityofnewspace-timerelativityisatthesametime,lengthcontractionandexpansionoftheconceptoftime,andthedifferencewiththeclass