GRE全真题文档格式.docx

GRE全真题文档格式.docx

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（E）approbation..precursors

3.Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen-------totheextentthattheynolonger-------ecologists.

（A）perfected..hinder

（B）exhausted..interest

（C）prolonged..require

（D）prevented..challenge

（E）delayed..benefit

4.UnderethicalguidelinesrecentlyadoptedbytheNationallnstitutesofHealth,humangenesaretobemanipulatedonlytocorrectdiseasesforwhich-------treatmentsareunsatisfactory.

（A）similar

（B）most

（C）dangerous

（D）uncommon

（E）alternative

5.Itwasherviewthatthecountry'

sproblemshadbeen-------byforeigntechnocrats,sothattoinvitethemtocomebackwouldbecounterproductive.

（A）foreseen

（B）attacked

（C）ascertained

（D）exacerbated

（E）analyzed

6.WinsorMcCay,thecartoonist,coulddrawwithincredible-------:

hiscomicstripaboutLittleNemowascharacterizedbymarvelousdraftsmanshipandsequencing.

（A）sincerity

（B）efficiency

（C）virtuosity

（D）rapidity

（E）energy

7.Theactual-------ofWilson'

spositionwasalways-------byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

（A）outcome..foreshadowed

（B）logic..enhanced

（C）rigidity..betrayed

（D）uncertainty..alleviated

（E）cowardice..highlighted

Directions:

Ineachofthefoiiowingquestions,arelatedpairofwordsorphrasesisfollowedbyfiveletteredpairsofwordsorphrases.Selecttheletteredpairthatbestexpressesarelationshipsimilartothatexpressedintheoriginalpair.

8.SEDATTVE:

DROWSlNESS:

:

（A）epidemic:

contagiousness

（B）vaccine:

virus

（C）laxative:

drug

（D）anestheiic:

numbness

（E）therapy:

psychosis

9.LAWYER:

COURTROOM:

（A）participant:

team

（B）commuter:

train

（C）gladiator:

arena

（D）senator:

caucus

（E）patient:

ward

10.CURIOSITY:

KNOW:

（A）temptation:

conquer

（B）starvation:

eat

（C）wanderlust:

travel

（D）humor:

laugh

（E）survival:

live

11.FRUGAL:

MISERLY:

（A）confident:

arrogant

（B）courageouss:

pugnacious

（C）famous:

aggressive

（D）rash:

foolhardy

（E）quiet:

timid

12.ANTIDOTE:

POISON:

（A）cure:

recovery

（B）narcotic:

sleep

（C）stimulant:

relapse

（D）tonic:

lethargy

（E）resuscitation:

breathing

13.STYGIAN.:

DARK:

（A）abysmal:

low

（B）cogent:

contentious

（C）fortuitous.:

accidental

（D）reckless:

threatening

（E）cataclysmic:

doomed

14.WORSHIP:

SACRIFICE:

（A）generation:

pyre

（B）burial:

mortuary

（C）weapon:

centurion

（D）massacre:

invasion

（E）prediction:

augury

15.EVANESCENT:

DISAPPEAR:

（A）tlansparent:

penetrate

（B）onerous:

struggle

（C）feckless:

succeed

（D）illusory:

exist

（E）pliant:

yield

16.UPBRAID:

REPROACH:

（A）Dote:

like

（B）lag:

stray

（C）vex:

please

（D）earn:

desire

（E）recast:

explain

Eachpassageinthisgroupisfollowedbyquestionsbasedonitscontent.Afterreadingapassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Answerallquestionsfollowingapassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassage.

lthasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andx-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation.therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolaractivitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample.thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainhalltemperature,andwinds.lnvariably,however,therelationisweak.andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime（aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum）.TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,however,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodcitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecorasofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolaractivitycycle,oreventocontirmthecycle'

spastexistenue.Ifconsistantandreliablegeolsgigal~-arek-xologiealevidencetracingthesolaractivitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:

howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,cherearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThetirstsupposesthattheSun'

sinternalmotions（causedbyrotationandconvection）interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo.adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.lnshort.theSun'

slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolaractivitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangcforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanarionsupposesthattheSun'

slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel.thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun'

smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolaractivitycycleuvuldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modernsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolaractivityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

17.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon

（A）presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

（B）givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientifrcdevelopmentsins'

olarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

（C）discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkinl:

ter-restrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

（D）pointingoutthefutilityofacertainlineofsci-entificinquiryintotheterrestrialeffectsofsolaractivityandrecommendineitaaban-donmentinfavorofpurelyphysics-orientedresearch

（E）outlininethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists.

18.Whichofth.efollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivity.astheyaredescribedinlines37-55,isaccurate?

（A）Inbothmodglscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

（B）Tnbothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

（C）TnonemodeltheSun'

smagneticfieidisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

（D）Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena.whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

（E）Inonemodelcyclesofsolaractivitywithperiodicitieslongerthanafewdecadesarecon-sideredtobeimpossible,whereasintheothermodelsuchcyclesarepredicted.

19.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenthandearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

（A）TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

（B）TheysyggestthattheMaunderminimumcannotberelatedtoclimate.

（C）ThcysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

（D）TheyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeoftheMaunderminimum.

（E）TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetirneoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

20.Theauthorimplieswhichofthefollowineaboutcurrentlyavailablegeologicalandarchaeoloeicalevidenceconcerningthesolar-activitycycle?

（A）Itbestsupportsthemodelofsolaractivitydescribedinlines37-45.

（B）Itbestsupportsthemodelofsolaractivitydescribedinlines45-52.

（C）Itisinsufficienttoconfirtneithermodelofsolaractivitydescribedinthethirdparagraph.

（D）Itcontradictsbothmodelsofsolaractivityastheyarepresentedinthethirdparagraph.

（E）Itdisprovesthetheorythatterrestrialweatherand