第九套Word文档下载推荐.docx

第九套Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8–10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheU.S.Congress

CompositionoftheU.S.Congress

TheU.S.CongressisthelegislativebranchoftheFederalGovernment.Itisabicameral（两院制的）law-makingbodyofmorethan500members.ItstwochambersarerespectivelycalledtheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.TheAmericantwo-houselegislature,aproductofthecompromisebetweenbigstatesandsmallones,embodiestheAmericanprincipleofbalancesandchecks.Allbillsmustcarrybothhousesbeforebecominglaw.

TheMembershipandElectionofBothChambers

TheHouseofRepresentativesisthelowerhouseofthebicameralCongress.ThemembershipoftheHouseisdistributedamongthestatesaccordingtotheirdifferentpopulations.Since1910,theHousehashadapermanentmembershipof435,witheachRepresentativerepresentingabouthalfamillionAmericans.Undertheprinciplethateachstateisguaranteedatleastonerepresentative，Nevada,astatewithasmallpopulation,sendsonlyoneRepresentativetotheHouse.Californiahasmorethan40RepresentativesintheHousebecauseofitslargepopulation.

TheelectionofRepresentativesisorganizedbythestatelegislaturewhichdividesthestateintoanumberofdistrictsknownasCongressionaldistricts.Eachdistrict,withapopulationofnearlyhalfamillion,electsoneRepresentativetotheHouse.ARepresentative'

stermofofficeissetattwoyears,butthereisnolimittothenumberofhisterms.AnewRepresentativecanhardlyfeeleasyabouthisposition.HardlyhashebegunhisworkintheCongresswhenhefindsit'

stimeforhimtoseekre-election.

TheSenateistheupperhouseoftheUSCongress.RepresentationintheSenateisbasedontheprincipleofstateequality.TheSenateiscomprisedof100Senators,twofromeachofthefiftystates.

Senatorshavebeendirectlyelectedbyvotersoftheirrespectivestatessince1913.Theirtermofofficeissixyears.ASenatormustbeatleastthirtyyearsofageandacitizenfornineyears.

SenatorsHaveMorePrestigeThanHouseMembers

Generallyspeaking,Senatorsareaccordedgreaterprestigethantheircolleaguesinthelowerhouse.ManyRepresentativesaspiretowintheelectiontotheSenate.Senatorsderivetheirprestigefromthefollowingfacts.Theyarelessnumerous,fortherearefewerthanone-fourthasmanySenatorsasRepresentatives,orCongressmen.Electedbythewholestateinsteadofasinglecongressionaldistrict,mostSenatorsrepresentmoreconstituentsthandoHousemembers.Theyarelessworriedbytheproblemofseekingre-electives.What'

smore,theSenateisvestedwithspecialpowerswhichitdoesnotsharewiththeHouse.Ithasthepowertoratifyordenyproposedtreaties,nominationsproposedbythePresident.Inlinewiththetraditionof“senatorialcourtesy”,theSenatealwaysrejectsanomineewhoisobjectedtobyaSenatorofthestatefromwhichhecomes.

Itwon’tdotoneglecttheimportanceoftheSenateinforeignaffairs.Withoutitscooperationandsupport,thePresidentcanhardlytakeanysignificantactioninforeignrelations.ASecretaryofStateongoodtermswiththeSenatorsisalwaysimportantforthePresident.ForeigncountriesmusttrytoestablishgoodrelationswiththeUSSenateiftheyintendtomakeabargainwiththeUnitedStates.

HowTwoChambersOperate

ThepresidingofficeroftheSenateistheVicePresidentwhofunctionsasakindofchairmanwhentheSenateisinsession.ThechiefspokesmanoftheHouseisknownasthespeakerwhoistheleaderofthemajoritypartyintheHouse.TheSpeakeristhemostinfluentialfigureintheHousebecausehedirectshisparty'

sforcesinlegislativebattles.

LeadersofBothParties

BothpartieshavetheirleadersintheCongress,whoareknownasfloorleaders.

Floorleadersareelectedbytheirrespectivepartymeetings,themeetingofpartymembersinoneofthetwohouses.Becausefloorleaders,bothmajorityandminority,holdcriticalpositionsintheCongress,theyaresometimesinvitedtotheWhiteHouseforconferencewiththePresident.

HowtheCongressWorks

TheCongressisalegislativebody,butitreliesonitsvariouscommitteestodopreparatorywork.TheSenateandtheHousehaveseveraldozenstandingorspecialcommitteestodealwithproblemsofdifferentnatures.TheseatsofthecommitteesaredividedbetweenthetwopartiesinproportiontotheirrespectivemembershipintheCongress.ButthecommitteechairmanisalwaysamemberofthemajoritypartywhohasbeenintheSenateortheHousewithoutinterruptionforlongerthananybodyelseonthecommittee.Thecustomisknownas“seniorityrule”.

MostproposedlawsintheCongressareknownasbills.Allbillsintroducedduringatwo-yearcongressionaltermaredesignated“HR”intheHouseand“S”intheSenate,withconsecutive（连续的）numbersassignedinorderinwhichtheyareintroducedineachhouse.Afterthis,thebillsarereferredtotherelevantcommitteesforfurtherstudy.

Toassessthebillatitstrueworth,therelevantcommitteeusuallyorganizesitssub-committeetoconductdetailedstudy.Thereisnodoubtthatthesub-committeewillstudytheliteralsenseofthebill.Butitalsoholdsmeetingswiththecitizenswhowanttostatetheiropinionsaboutthebill.Thesemeetingsarecommonlyknownashearings.Thepurposeofthesub-committeeinholdingthesehearingsistoobtaininformationonthebillbeforeit.Thesub-committeemaysummonpeopletoappearatthehearingsandtotestify.

Afterfinishingstudyofthebill,thesub-committeewillreporttheresulttothefullcommittee.Thecommitteechairmanthenhasachoicebetweentwothings.Hecansendthebilltothehouseforfurtherconsideration.Hecanalsopigeonhole（搁置）,orkillitbyputtingitasideandnotreportingit.Forthisreason,acommitteechairmanisregardedasanimportantpersonintheCongress.Itwon'

tdotoneglecthim.

SomeImportantCommitteesintheTwoChambers

TherearesomeimportantcommitteesintheSenateandtheHouse.TheBudgetCommitteearetorecommendpolicyguidelineseachfiscal（财政的）yeartoaidCongressinconsideringtheannualFederalbudget.TheAppropriationCommitteeinbothhousesoftheCongressstudythedemandformoneyfromthePresidentandaidCongressinappropriatingasumofmoneytofinanceaprogramsuggestedbythePresident.TheForeignRelationsCommitteesstudyAmericanforeignpoliciesandexamineAmericanforeigntreatiesbeforegivingtheiropinionstoCongressforreference.TheWaysandMeansCommitteeisastandingcommitteeoftheHouseofRepresentatives.Ithastheexclusivepowertostudybillsforraisingrevenue.Italsoconsiderstheproblemsconcerningtaxesandtariffs.Insimplelanguage,itsworkistoexplorethesourcesofmoneyfortheexpendituresoftheFederalGovernment.TheInvestigatingCommitteeistoexerciseafact-findingroleasanaidtothelaw-makingprocess.Anyonewhorefusestotestifybeforeitmaybepunishedbylaw.TheInvestigatingCommitteeissomethinglikeaninformation’agencyoftheCongress.ItisalsoaWatchdogCommittee,foritoverseestheworkoftheAdministration.Itsinvestigationsreacheverylevelanddepartmentofthegovernment.ThelastbutmostimportantcommitteeistheRulesCommittee.ItisacommitteeoftheHouse.ItpicksoutonlythosebillsitlikesandsendsthemtoCongressmenfortheirconsideration.

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答，8-10题在答题卡1上。

1.ThepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthecompositionandoperationoftheU.SCongress.

2.TwochambersoftheU.S.CongressaretheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.

3.ThenumberofRepresentativesofCaliforniaismorethanthatofNevadabecauseofitslargerarea.

4.TheHouseofRepresentativeshasthepowertoratifyordenyproposedtreaties,nominationsproposedbytheVicePresident.

5.Thoughfloorleadersholdcriticalpositions,theyareseldominvitedtotheWhiteHouseforconferencewiththePresident.

6.Asalegislativebody,theCongressreliesonitsvariouscommitteestodopreparatorywork.

7.ThemostimportantcommitteeistheRuleCommittee.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11. 

A）Tostudyfashiondesigning.

B）Tolookatprettygirls.

C）Toreviewlessonforanexam.

D）Tocollectmaterialforaclassroompresentation.

12. 

A）Allday

B）Onlyintheafternoon

C）Onlyinthemorning

D）Thesameasduringtheweek

13. 

A）$884.B）$848.

C）$751.D）$571.

14. 

A）Playingvolleyball.B）Swimming.

C）Skating.D）WatchingTV.

15.A）Thetrainislate.

B）Thetrainiscrowded.

C）Thetrainisempty.

D）Thetrainisontime.

16A）Shemisplacedherclasscardforbiology.

B）Shearrived