商务英语本科期末考试重点复习资料Word文档格式.docx
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♥Innovationorvarietyofstyle
5、OPEC=Organizationof（the）PetroleumExportingCountries石油输出国家组织
IBA=IndependentBroadcastingAuthority英国独立广播机构
phosphatecartel（磷酸盐同业联盟）;
tincartel（锡同业联盟）
CommodityCartels商品联盟
6、tangibleadj.可触知的，有形的【反intangible】
7、portfolion.有价证券财产目录
♥Thegroupofassets,suchasstocks,bonds,mutualheldbyaninvestor.
♥Portfolioinvestment证券投资
8、licensingagreements许可证协议
♥contractgivingsomeonethelegalrighttouseapatentortrademark
franchiseagreements特许经销协议
9、FDI=Foreigndirectinvestment外国直接投资
♥ownershipofassetabroadandcantaketheformofeitherdirectorportfolioinvestment.
ME=MultinationalEnterprises跨国公司（MNC=MultiNationalCorporation跨国公司）
♥Afirmthatownsbusinessoperationsinmorethanonecountry
10、Question:
comparativeadvantagereferstotheadvantagesbasedonthecomparisonbetweencountries?
Unit2
1、accessn.接近；
通路
♥themeansoropportunitytoapproachorenteraplace
♥Marketaccess（市场准入）forgoodsintheWTOmeanstheconditions,tariffandnon-tariffmeasures,agreedbymembersfortheentryofspecificgoodsintotheirmarkets.
2、Validityn.有效；
合法性
♥Thetermofvalidity有效期间
3、carriern.搬运人；
从事运输业的人（或）公司
♥Anorganizationthattransportsproductsorservicesusingitsfacilities;
4、Underwritern.担保人；
保险商
♥Acompanyassumesthecostriskofdeath,illness,fire,theft,etc.,inexchangeforpayments;
5、Arbitrationn.控诉；
打官司
♥Aninformalhearingregardingadispute
6、Certificaten.证明书、执照、单据
♥Certificateofdeposit;
♥CPA（certificatedpublicaccountant注册会计师）
7、Invoicen.发票
♥Adetailedlistofgoodsshippedorservicesrendered,withanaccountofallcosts;
anitemizedbill.
8、Insurancepolicy保险单
Certificateoforigin产地证书
Inspectioncertificate检验证
Packinglist包装单
9、FAS=FreeAlongsideShip装运港船边交货
10、Incoterm2000=internationalcommercialterms2000年国际贸易术语解释通则
11、FOB=FreeonBoard装运港船上交货
♥FOBHK
12、L/C=LetterofCredit信用证
♥L/Cisacommitment,usuallybyabankonbehalfofclient,topayabeneficiaryastatedamountofmoneyunderspecifiedconditions.信用证是银行作出的有条件的付款承诺，即银行根据开证申请人的请求和指示，向受益人开具的有一定金额，并在一定时期内凭规定的单据承诺付款的书面文件。
♥WhoshouldopenL/C?
importers
B/L=BillofLading提单
13、CFR=CostandFreight成本加运费（……指定目的港）
=C&
F=CostandFreight成本加运费
CIF=Cost,InsuranceandFreight到岸价格，成本、运费加保险价
14、CPA=certifiedpublicaccountant注册会计师
15、globalization全球化
♥Thetendencyofinvestmentfundsandbusinessestomovebeyonddomesticandnationalmarketstoothermarketsaroundtheglobe,therebyincreasingtheinterconnectednessofdifferentmarkets.
16、Negotiation（n.协商,谈判）的步骤
1）Enquiry:
询盘
Enquirycanbemadebybothsellersorbuyers.
♥Generalspeaking,enquiryhasnotlegaleffect,sowewouldcallitinviteoffer.
E.g.
♥PleaseofferFlyingPigeonBrandBicycles.
♥Cansupply1000pcsFlyingPigeonBrandBicyclesMayshipmentpleasebid.
2）Offer（发盘）
♥Anofferisaproposalmadebysellerstobuyersinordertoenterintothecontract.
♥Withdrawal收回
♥Revocation撤回
3）Counter-offer（还盘）：
♥Theoffereedoesn’tagreeorpreciselyagreeonanyconditionsoftheoffer.Meanwhile,theoffereesuggestsmodificationtoofferer.
♥counter-offercanbeconsideredasbargain
4）Acceptance:
♥acceptanceisastatementmadebyotherconductoftheoffereesindicatingunconditionalconsenttoanoffer.
17、Customsclearance海关清关、结关
♥Declaretheexportgoodstocustoms
♥Submitdocuments:
commercialinvoices,exportlicenses,copiesofsalescontracts,andinspectioncertificates.
18、Importprocedures
♥Importlicense、Tradenegotiation、L/C、Shipping、Insurance、Documentexaminationandpayment、Customsclearance
19、Exportprocedures
♥Exportlicense、Negotiation、CargoReadiness、LetterofCredit、Customsclearance、ShippingandInsurance、Documentandpayment
20、Claim索赔
♥Claimmadeagainst
✧ifproblemssuchasweightshortage,inferiorqualityorwrongshipmentarefoundandattributedtotheexporter,theimportershouldmakeclaimsagainsttheexporter.
✧ifthelossordamageisduetothenegligenceofthecarrier,theclaimshouldbemadeagainstthecarrier.
✧ifthelossordamagehasbeencausedbytherisksthatarecoveredbyinsurance,theclaimshouldbemadeagainsttheunderwriter.
♥Claimmadewithintimelimit
21、Settlementofdisputes（解决争端）的三个形式
♥Negotiation
♥Arbitration（仲裁）
♥litigation（诉讼、起诉）
22、UnderCIF,theimportershouldasktheexportertoadvisetheshipmentintimesothatthegoodscanbecoveredbyinsurancewithoutdelay.（错，是UnderCFR）
23、Underdocumentarycollection,theimporterhimselfshouldexaminethedocumentstocheckiftheymeettherequirementsofthesalescontracts.（对）
Unit3
1、Confiscationn.没收，充公
♥E.g.Thecopyrightadministrativeauthoritiesmayconfiscatetheirillegalincomeorimposeafineonthem.
2、Consigneen.受货人，收货人
♥PersonnamedinaBillofLadingtowhomthebillpromisesdelivery.
3、Consignorn.托运人，发货人，寄销人
♥Theonewhosendsconsignment.
♥Isthepersonwhocallsonacommoncarrierfortransportationserviceaconsignor?
Unit4
1、Multilateraladj.多边的
♥E.g.amultilateraltreaty全球多边贸易体系
♥Globalsystemofmultilateraltrade充当多边贸易谈判的论坛
♥Actingasaforumformultilateraltradenegotiations
♥Bilateraladj.双边的,双方的
2、Unprecedentedadj.空前的，没有先例的
♥Anunprecedentedsuccess史无前例的人口膨胀
♥Anunprecedentedexpansioninpopulation;
♥CPIinChinasoarstounprecedentedheights.
3、Anti-dumpingadj.反倾销的
♥Theantidumpingmechanismmustbeperfected.
♥dumping倾销
4、Predecessorn.前任者，前辈
♥Predecessorcompany
♥WTO取代了它的前身
5、Ratifyv.批准，认可
♥Toratifyatreaty/Constitutions
6、Infringev.违反，侵犯
♥Toinfringearule/acontract/apatent/ontheright
7、Scrutinyn.详细审查
a）Moralscrutiy
b）Everyproductundergoesaclosescrutiny
8、Procurementn.采购，获得
9、MinisterialConference部长会议（WTO最高机构）
SeniorOfficials’Meeting（SOM）高官会——otherministerial-levelmeeting
WTO（TheWorldTradeOrganization）
GATT=GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关税及贸易总协定
APEC=Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚太经合组织
10、P56Decisionsaremadebytheentiremembership.Thisistypicallybyconsensus.AmajorityvoteisalsopossiblebutithasneverbeenusedintheWTO,andwasextremelyrareunderGATT.TheWTO’sagreementshavebeenratifiedinallmembers’parliaments.
11、P67Todaythereare21membereconomiescomprisingsome2.5billionpeople,acombinedgrossdomesticproduct（GDP）ofoverUS$18trillionin1999andover47percentofworldtrade.APEChasestablisheditselfastheprimaryregionalvehicleforpromotingopentradeandpracticaleconomicandtechnicalcooperation.
12、TheWTO’stop-leveldecision-makingbodyisMinisterialConference部长级会议是世贸组织的最高决策权力机构
♥Meetingeverytwoyears一般两年举行一次会议
13、GeneralCouncil（负责世贸组织日常会议和工作）
♥ThreecouncilsreportingtoGC：
♥GoodsCouncil、ServicesCouncil、IntellectualPropertyCouncil
14、WhenwasAPECfounded?
♥It’sestablishedin1989
15、WhatAPECitsgoal?
♥ItsgoalistoadvanceeconomicdynamismandthesenseofcommoditywithintheAsia-Pacificregion
16、APEC——1989:
12foundingmembers:
♥Australia,BruneiDarussalam,Canada,Indonesia,Japan,RepublicofKorea,Malaysia,NewZealand,RepublicofthePhilippines,Singapore,Thailand,andU.S.
♥Todaythereare21membereconomiescomprisingsome2.5billionpeople.
17、WhatisthekeydifferencebetweenWTOandAPEC？
？
18、WhatarethekeyfeaturesbetweenAPECandotherinternationalorganizations?
♥Itscommitmenttofacilitatingbusinessanditsexposureofthebusiness/privatesectorawiderangeofAPECactivities.
Unit5
1、voluntaryexportrestraintagreement自愿限制出口协定
2、P73NontariffBarriers（NTBs）includequotas,voluntaryexportrestrains,exportsubsidies,andavarietyofotherregulationsandrestrictionscoveringinternationaltrade.Internationaleconomistsandpolicymakershavebecomeincreasinglyconcernedaboutsuchbarriersinthepastfewyears.
3、P74TheeconomiceffectsofNTBstotradeareroughlysimilartothoseoftariffs;
thatis,theyareinefficientdistortionswhichreducepotentialgainsfromtrade.Nationshaveresortedtothemmorefrequentlyforprotectioninlieuoftariffs.
4、P74Historically,theGATThasprohibitedimportquotasexceptonagriculturalproducts,asemergencymeasures,orwhenacountryhasshort-runbalanceofpaymentsproblems.过去，关税及贸易总协定规定，除农产品以外，禁止在实行紧急措施或在一国出现短期性国际收支问题时实行进口配额。
♥对应：
TheEEC（Europeaneconomiccommunity欧共体）flatlyrefusedtodiscussitsCommonAgriculturalPolicy（CAP）attheTokyoround,theCAPsetsvariabletariffsonimportssoastomaintainhighdomesticpricesbyexcludingorimpedingimports.
5、QuotasTheory配额理论
♥Animportquotaisadirectrestrictiononthequantityofagoodthatisimported.
6、CustomValuation关税估价
DuringtheTokyoround,considerableprogresswasmadeintheareaofcustomsvaluationforduty.Valuefordutyisnowgenerallyontheinvoicecost,evenforintrafirmtradebetweenrelatedsubsidiariesofMNEs,unlesstransferpricemanipulationcanbedemonstrated.Thelatitudeof
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