剑桥商务英语高级考试试题(八)Word下载.docx

剑桥商务英语高级考试试题(八)Word下载.docx

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　　marketplace.Thesecorecompetenciesareoftwo

　　kinds:

technicalcompetencieswhichprovidethekeytotheorganization'

smarketposition;

　　andmanagementcompetencieswhicharevitaltoitsperformanceasanintegrated

　　organization.BThekeyaspectsofindividualmanagementdevelopment,suchasrecruitment,training,careerdevelopment,jobrotation,specialassignments,meaningfulwork,relevantrewardsystems,needtobeembeddedinorganizationalsystems,structures,valuesandpoliciesandconsistentlyappliedin

　　practice.Inalearningorganization,managementdevelopmentisnotanonagain,offagain

　　activity.CAnorganizationfullofchangeeffectivemanagersonly,orofoperationalmanagersonly,islikelytobeheadedtowards

　　bankruptcy.Abalanceisneededbetweenoperationalandreshaping

　　competencies.Partofthatbalanceneedstobefoundwithinindividuals,partofitintherespectivestrengthsofindividuals,andpartswithintheembeddedprocessesandresourcesofthe

　　organization.Thishasimportantimplicationsfortheplacingofmanagersinjobsandalsoformovingthemwhentheirkeyskillsarenolongersorelevantandthemanagerialneedsoftheirpositions

　　change.Italsohasimplicationsforthecompositionoftop

　　teams.Unlessthetopteamincludessomepowerfulmemberswhoarecommittedto10ng-termperformance,theorganizationisunlikelyinthelongertermtobuildthosereshapingcompetenciesthatwillensureitsownrenewalthatis,tobecomealearning

　　organization.DForward-lookingorganizationsareincreasinglyidentifyingpotentialchangeleadersearlyintheircareers,givingthemresponsibilitiesforsmallerchangeprojectsandtheopportunitytoworkcloselywitheffectivechangepractitionerssothattheycandeveloptherangeofreshapingcompetenciesthatthefirmsincreasingly

　　need.Somefirmsarealsotakingsomeoftheirmosteffectivemanagersoff-lineandgivingthemprojectresponsibilitiesthatencouragethemtoaugmenttheirexistinghighlevelsofoperationalcompetencieswithreshaping

　　competencies.Ensuringthatmanymanagersatcriticalstagesoftheircareershavetheexperience

　　ofmanagingtransitionsisvitaltodevelopingamanagerialmindsetthatbalancestherelativeimportanceofmaintainingeffectiveongoingoperationswithtransforming

　　them.Itisthismindsetthatsupportstheneedforcurrentperformancewiththeopennesstochangethatunderliesalearning

　　organization.EInsomecases,reshapingcompetenciesmaydetractfromimmediatebusiness

　　results.Reshapingcompetenciesrequiresconsiderableinvestmentofresources,effortandtimesometimesforlittleornoimmediate

　　benefit.Theirexpectedbenefitsareoftendifficulttoquantifyormeasureandtheresultsonlyshowupover

　　time.Furthermore,continualinvestmentisneededtomaintain

　　them.Thebenefitsofcreatinglearningorganizationsdonotcome

　　free.Theyalsodonotcome

　　unmanaged.Tobeeffectiveinmeetingtheorganization'

spurposes,organizationallearningneedstobeamanagedprocessandorganizationallearningakeyresponsibilityoftop

　　management.Thecreationanduseofreshapingcompetencies,bothpersonalandcorporate,isthekeycharacteristicofthelearning

　　organization.Thedevelopmentofindividualmanagersmustitselfbecomeacorporate

　　competence.

　　【正确答案】：

B

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分第2题Coursescanmakeanimportantcontributionbutneedtobecombinedwithapprenticeship,experientiallearningand

　　mentoring.

D

1.0分第3题Thatafirmsucceedsornotdependsonwhatitchoosestodoratherthantheenvironmentit

　　operates.

A

1.0分第4题Reshapingcompetenciesaddslittletoimmediatebusiness

　　results.

E

1.0分第5题Afirmperformswellifitdevelopsa"

distinctivecompetence"

　　over

　　time.

1.0分第6题Acompanyneedstogiveitsmanagersasmanyopportunitiesaspossibletoaccessother

　　tasks.

1.0分第7题Reshapingcompetenciesmaynotbringgreatbenefittothecorporation

　　immediately.

1.0分第8题Managersdonotneedidenticalsetsof

　　competencies.

C

1.0分二、READING（PARTTWO）

　　（共6小题,共6.0分）·

InthispartoftheReadingTestyoureadatextwithgapsinit,andchoosethebestsentencetofilleachgapfromasetofeight

　　sentences.·

Firstreadthetextforoverallmeaning,thengobackandlookforthebestsentenceforeach

　　gap.·

Makesurethesentencefitsboththemeaningandthegrammarofthetextaroundthe

Readthearticleontheoppositepageaboutmanagementbuyoutsof

　　companies.·

Choosethebestsentencefrombelowtofilleachofthe

　　gaps.·

Foreachgap1-6,markoneletter（AH）onyourAnswer

Donotuseanylettermorethan

　　once.第1题TheOperationsFunctionGoodsaretangibleitemspurchasedbyindividualsororganizationsforsubsequent

　　use.Servicesareintangibleitemsthatareconsumedatthetimeofbeingprovided,withthecustomertakingawayorretainingthebenefitofthat

　　service.However,inmanycommercialsituations,whatisprovidedorproducedbyanorganizationcanbeamixtureofbothgoodsand

　　services.HTheoperationsfunctionisthepartoftheorganizationthatexistsprimarilytogenerateandproducethe

　　products.

（1）.Theyhaveaconversionprocess,someresourceinputsintothatprocess,theoutputsresultingfromtheconversionsoftheinputs,andtheinformationfeedbackabouttheactivitiesintheoperations

　　system.

（2）.Economistsrefertothetransformationofresourcesintogoodsandservicesastheproduction

　　function.（3）.Thisprocessiswhatcreatestherevenueforthecompanymakingtheproductsorprovidingthe

　　services.

　　（4）.Whenconsideringtheconversionprocesswemusttakeintoaccountthattheprocessissubjecttorandomchangeand

　　fluctuations.Unplannedoruncontrolledinfluencesmaycausetheactualoutputtodifferfromtheplanned

　　output.

　　（5）.IfthereisacircumstanceinwhichtheYangziRiverofChinawastoflood,theproductionofricewouldsuffer,thereforecausinganincreasefluctuationinthepriceof

　　rice.（6）.Fluctuationsmayalsotendtobecausedbyinternalproblemsinherentintheconversion

　　process.Faultyequipment,materialimperfections,andofcoursehumanerrorsareonlyafewoftheideasthataffectoutput

　　quality.AOthernaturalproblemssuchaslightning,frost,drought,toomuchrain,

　　etc.,willtendtobethemajorreasonforthefluctuationinproductqualityandpricebecauseof

　　availability.BAllproducersofwhetheritbeaphysicalobjectorservicehavesomebasicelementsin

　　common.CForexample,allmanagersinanyorganizationwillneedtoknowhowtotraintheiremployees,appraisetheirperformance,andso

　　forth.

　　DTheendproductthenbecomesanideawhereitisdeemedausefulideaduetotheform,thetime,ortheplaceoftheiravailabilityfromtheconversion

　　process.EForexample,suchfluctuationsintheproductqualityorpricemaybeduetothegrowingweatherconditionsofmanyplantsoffruitand

　　vegetables.FOnceaproductismadeavailabletotheconsumer,thatproductissoldandconvertedintocashforthatcompanyandthecycle

　　continues.GThegeneralgoalforallproductionistocreatesomekindofvalueadded,sotheoutputsareworthmoretotheconsumerthanjustthesumoftheindividual

　　inputs.HInsomesituationstheproductwilloutweightheservicebutinothersituationsitwillbethe

　　opposite.

1.0分第2题

F

1.0分第3题

G

1.0分第4题

1.0分第5题

1.0分第6题

1.0分三、READING（PARTTHREE）

InthispartoftheReadingTestyoureadalongertextandanswersix

　　questions.·

Firstreadthequestions,Trytogetanideaofwhatthetextwillbe

　　about.Thenreadthetextforgeneralunderstanding,·

Thenreadthetextandquestionsmorecarefully,choosingthebestanswertoeach

　　question.Donotchooseananswerjustbecauseyoucanseethesamewordsinthe

　　text.·

Readthearticleontheoppositepageaboutinnovationinbusinessandthequestions

　　below.·

Foreachquestion1-6,markoneletter（A,B,CorD）onyourAnswerSheetfortheansweryou

　　choose.第1题

　　TheUKdiversitymanagementliteraturehastendedtofocusonitsimplementationinthepublicsectorratherthaninthecommercial

　　sector.Hicks-ClarkeandHe’sworkconsidersthelinksbetweengenderdiversityandorganizationalperformanceinbothretailingandtheNationalHealthServicebutfoundthatsurveyanalysiswasnotthemostappropriatewayofexploringdiversityclimatesintheretail

　　company.Initially,thestudydevelopedfromanapproachfromtheUKhigh-streetoperationwhichwasseekingtocreatemoreinnovativeHRpracticestosupportamarketingstrategyofappealingtoamorediversecustomer

　　base.ThedecisiontoparticipateinthestudysuggeststhatnotonlyarediversityissuesgrowinginsignificanceforUKretailersbut,arguably,pointtoanabsenceofguidanceonhowtoachievediversi