大学英语1期末复习资料Word文件下载.docx

大学英语1期末复习资料Word文件下载.docx

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HowcanIcontactyouwhenyou’reinParis?

in/outofcontactwith…与…有/无联系

have/losecontactwith…与…有/无联系

extend，expand

extend延伸，延长

Can’tyouextendyourvisitforafewdays?

expand使膨胀，扩充

Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,oneshouldalsoexpandhisknowledgeoftheforeigncountry.

involve:

v.卷入，涉及；

包含，包括

Hewasalsoinvolvedinthecrime.

Programmingisnotasimplething;

itinvolvesalotofadvancedknowledgeofmathematicsandcomputerscience.

beinvolvedin…卷入…

additionn.补充、增加

Theadditionoffruitmakesthecaketastebetter.

Annwillbeaveryusefuladditiontoourteam.

Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputer,thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.

课程除了一般介绍电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的机会。

mental,moral

mental精神的，脑力的

Shehadanunusualdegreeofself-relianceandmentaltoughness.

她有非凡的自立的精神和坚韧不拔的精神。

moral道德的

Youractionscontradictyourdeclaredmoralprinciples.

arisev.起来、出现、发生

Accidentsoftenarisefromcarelessness.

Unexpecteddifficultiesaroseinthecourseoftheirexperiment.

在他们进行实验的过程中，出现了意想不到的困难。

risen.v.上升、升起、起床

Therewillbeariseinunemploymentnextyear.

Thepopulationofthecityhasrisentofivemillion.

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

It’sagoodcustomtoriseearly.

raisen.v.举起、使升起、上升

Iamgoingtoaskthebossforaraise.

Hotelsusuallyraisetheirpricesin（the）highseason.

Pleaseraiseyourhandifyouhaveanyquestion.

shift

n.当班时间；

改变，转移

Iusuallyworkthenightshift,whichisfrom10atnighttill6inthemorning.

v.移动，转移

SheshiftedhergazefrommetoBobbywithalookofsuspicion.

technique,technology

Inmanysportsphysicalfitnessisnotasimportantastechnique.

在许多体育运动中，体能没有技巧重要。

Thedevelopmentoftheinformationtechnologyisthegreatesttechnologicaladvanceofthe20thcentury.

信息技术的发展是二十世纪工业技术上的最大进步。

scienceandtechnology

deliver--*-v.投递、发表

Thepostmanrangthebellbecausehehadaparcel/lettertodeliver.

Thatfamousthinkerwasaskedtodeliveraspeechatthemeeting.

attemptn.v.试图、尝试

concentratev.集中、专心

HavingfailedmyEnglishexams,Idecidedtoconcentrateonsciencesubjects.

我因英语考试不及格而决心专攻理科.

Wemustconcentrateourattentiononefficiency.

Wemustconcentrateourefforts/energyonimprovingeducation.

afford

v.担负得起、经受得住

Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.

Anewcarisoutofthequestion---wecan’tafford.

买新车谈不到——我们买不起。

Wehaven’tconsideredwhetherwecouldaffordthetimeornot.

我们还没考虑能否抽得出时间。

recall,remind

minor,major

minora.次要的，较小的

Thecarwasslightlydamagedandneededonlyminorrepairs.

majora.重要的，较大的

Hehashardlymadeanymajormistakesinhiswork.

rough,tough

rough粗糙的、粗略的、无礼的

Theybuiltaroughmodeloutofsticksandwire.

Hehasaroughoutside,butagoodheart.

tough强硬的、坚强的、困难的

Thismaterialisastoughasleather.

Thecompanyfacestoughcompetition.

product,production,productivity

meansn.方法、手段、工具

Radioandtelevisionareimportantmeansofcommunication.

无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。

Weexpressourthoughtbymeansofwords.

damagen.v.损害、破坏

Anearthquakesometimescausesgreatdamage.

Theaccidentdidalotofdamagetothecar.

Therainstormcamepouringdownanddamagedthecrops.

Cf.destroy

except,exceptfor,besides

Theyarealmostallnewcomersexceptme.

Theroomwasemptyexceptforabrokenwoodchair.

TheChinesenationincludesmorethan50nationalminoritiesbesidestheHans.

decaden.十、十年

Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.

Thisstruggleisgoingtogoonandit’slikelytobedecidedinthenextdecade.

这一对抗还将会持续下去，并可能在下一个十年中得出结果。

amazev.使吃惊、惊奇

Heamazedeveryonebypassinghisdrivingtest.

Wewereamazedat/bythechangeinhisappearance.

EveryoneisamazedathisfluencywhenhespeaksChinese.

pullinto驶入

Thetrainpulledintothestationat7sharp.

Wehurriedtotheplatform,onlytofindthetrainwaspullingoutofthestation.

makeuseof利用

Youshouldmakegooduseofthetimeinclasstolistentowhattheteachersays.

你应好好利用上课时间听老师讲课。

holdback/up/out/on

holdback

Hearingthenews,shecouldhardlyholdbackhertears.

holdup

Thebuildingworkwasheldupbythebadweather.

holdout

Thepeopleheldoutuntilhelparrived.

holdon

Couldyouholdon?

I’llseeifhe’sin.

comeupwith:

想出（plan、answer、ways、solution等）

Hecameupwithasolutiontotheproblematthemeeting.

keepupwith赶上

Janetriedhardtokeepupwiththeotherstudentsinclass.

putupwith容忍，忍受

Ican’tputupwiththatkindofrudebehavior.

inspiteof尽管

Inspiteofpoorhealth,OldArthurwasalwayscheerful.

Inspiteofalltherainthathadfallen,thegroundwasstillprettydry.

insteadof而是…

CanwechangeourmeetingtoFridayinsteadofWednesday?

Hedidn’tgotothelibraryashehadplanned.Instead,hewenttoseeafilmwithhisgirlfriend.

breakoff/down/in/out

incaseof若…发生、要是…

Incaseoffire,soundthealarmandleavethebuildingimmediately.

Takeanumbrellaincaseofrain.

exactly,gradually,reluctantly,eventually

inpart部分地

Generationgapiscausedatleastinpartbyfailuretocommunicate.

toone’staste合…的口味

Classicalmusicisnottomytaste.Ilikepopmusicbetter.

Isthedishtoyourtaste?

Structure

将来进行时

用来表示在将来的某个时刻正在进行的动作。

（will/shall+现在分词）

CometomyofficeatnineonTuesday.I’llbewaitingforyouatthattime.

Don’tcallmethisafternoon.I’llbehavingameetingthen.

过去进行时

用来表示在过去的某个时刻正在进行的动作。

（was/were+现在分词）

---Itriedtocallyouthismorning.Butthelinewasbusyallthetime.

---Iwastalkingtoanimportantcustomeronthephone.

过去完成时

用来表示在过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。

（had+过去分词）

Ihadjusthadsupperwhenheknockedatthedoor.

Ihadborrowedthebookfromthelibrarybeforeheaskedmetobuyone.

现在完成时

用来表示到现在为止已经完成的动作。

（has/have+过去分词）

Sallyhaswrittenthreelettersthismorning.

Hehasreadtwonovelssinceheenteredtheuniversity.

情态动词must及其完成体

Theymustbestudyinginthelibrarynow.

Theflightmusthavebeendelayed,otherwise,hewouldbeherenow.

情态动词need及其完成体

Samwasanxioustoknowtheresultoftheexam.Butheneedn’thaveworried.Actuallyhedidextremelywellinit.

动词不定式（todo）

Hesetasidesomemoneyeverymonthinordertobuyacar.

Todothejobwell,youneedspecializedknowledgeandconsiderableexperience.

Doyouthinkhehastheabilitytocopewiththedifficultsituation?

Jerryissaidtohavewrittentwonovelssinceheenteredtheuniversity.

现在分词（doing）

Lookingoutofthewindow,Jacksawayoungmanrushingintothebuilding.

Notknowinghisaddressorphonenumber,Ihadtogiveuptheideaoffindhim.

Havingfinishedherhomework,LilyturnedontheTV.

Thisisreallyanexcitingfilm.

过去分词（done）

Davidwentoutofthehouse,followedbyhisdog.

Caughtintherain,shehadabadcold.

Allthestudentsinclassgotexcitedatthenews.

Sheraisedhervoicetomakeherselfheard.

动名词（doing）

Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?

I’vebeenbusyworkingthesedaysandhardlyhadtimetorelax.

Somepeoplesuggestedsettingupacommitteetolookintothematter.

avoid,enjoy,finish,suggest,be（get）usedto,bebusy,can’t/couldn’thelp

复合形容词

‘基数词+名词’可构成复合形容词，中间用连字符连接。

这种结构中的名词一定要用单数形式。

a15-minutebreak/a300-pagebook/a50-metretree/afifty-storybuilding/a7-dayholiday

rememberdoing,remembertodo

IrememberedbeingtakentoBeijingbymyparentswhenIwasaboyoffourorfiveyearsold.

Remembertoposttheletterforme.

Hemusthaveforgottentoclosethewindowwhenheleft.

Iforgothavingbeenintroducedtohimattheparty.

虚拟语气（if非真实条件句）

虚拟语气

demand,suggest,advise,decide,insist,order,request,require等表示‘建议、请求、要求和命令’的动词的宾语从句中，其构成是should+动词原形，should可以省略，如：

Theydecidedthatacommitteebesetuptolookintothematter.

Thedoctorsuggestedthatthepatientstayinhospitalforanotherweek.

essential,necessary,important,requested,demanded等形容词或过去分词的主语从句中，其构成是should+动词原形，should可以省略，如：

Itisnecessarythathebesentthereatonce.

Itisrequestedthatallmembersbepresentattheparty.

asif从句中的虚拟

Hetalksasifhehadbeentothatcountrybefore.

Shetreatedhimasifhewereherownson.

Theclothfeelsasifitismadeofsilk.

定语从句

Hekeptwonderingwhypeoplewhohadsomuchmoneywereneversatisfied.

AliceandJohnwantedtogototheSpanishrestaurantwheretheyhaddinnertheweekbefore.

TheelderlyladywasbornatatimewhenmostpeopleinChinawasleadingahardlife.

Themanwhomtheladyintroducedtothestudentswastheschoolpresident.

定语从句中的主谓一致

Heisoneofthestudentswhohavewonthefirstprize.

Sheistheonlyoneofthosegirlswhoiswillingtotakeamake-upexam.

她是唯一愿意参加补考的女孩。

非限定性定语从句

Hesaidhisbicyclehadbeenstolen,whichwasuntrue.

Theroadwasflooded,whichwasthereasonwhyIcamesolate.

状语从句

Irecognizedheratonce,althoughIhadn’tseenherfortenyears.

Weweretalkinginthegardenwhenitbegantorain.

Donotleavethebuildingunlessyouareinstructedtodoso.

Youcangooutaslongasyoupromisetoreturnbefore10.

Iputtheheatingonsothatthehousewouldwarmup.

Hehadbeencheatingthetaxman