最新淮师期末英美文学史问答题及作品赏析Word格式文档下载.docx

最新淮师期末英美文学史问答题及作品赏析Word格式文档下载.docx

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3）Itassumesthatthewriter’smajortaskistorevealtheinner-worldreality,whichislikethehiddenpartofanice-bergunderwater.Comparedwiththeobservablepartofouractivity,theunobservablepartismoreactiveandcolorful.

2.What’sthedifferencebetweenNeoclassicismandRenaissance?

New 

classicism. 

A 

revival 

of 

classical 

Greek 

and 

Roman 

forms 

in 

art, 

music, 

literature, 

particularly 

during 

the 

eighteenth 

nineteenth 

centuries 

Europe 

America, 

usually 

associated 

with 

Enlightenment, 

drawing 

on 

models 

emphasizing 

reason, 

harmony, 

restraint.

Renaissance 

was 

literature 

artistic 

styles 

European 

history. 

It 

transitional 

period 

between 

Middle-Ages 

modern 

times,. 

significant 

achievement 

changes

Inneoclassicismstheywantedtorecreateclassicism,generallythestyleoftheGreeksandRomans.Therenaissancewasarebirth,allofasuddenreligionwasnotthemainwaypeoplereceivedinformation,sciencestartedansweringallofthoseunanswerablequestions.

Theneoclassicistswantedasimplerlesschaoticmethodofthought.Neoclassicismwasthebeginningoftheenlightenment.Inthisphasetheemphasiswasonlogicasthesupremetoolforintellectualdiscoveryandonorderandsimplicityinartisticform.Inverse,thefreedomoftheRenaissancewasneglectedinfavourofstrictformswhileinmusicmoreformalstructurestookoverfromRenaissancefreeform.

3.InwhatdifferentwayscanthenovelRobinsonCrusoebeinterpreted?

Thenovelcanbereadindifferentways.Mostsimply,itisastoryofseaadventures.Toreaditpolitically,wemayinterpretthestoryasanartisticprojectionofcolonialexpansion.Crusoe,backedbyadvancedtechnology（thegun）,conquersalesscivilizedpeoplerepresentedbyFriday.Thoughtheybecomegoodfriends,Fridayhasremainedaservant,ifnotaslave,tohismasterCrusoesincethefirstdaytheymet.Toreaditsocially,wefindthatCrusoe’sadventuresimplydifferentWesternculturalvalues.Thenovelsingsasongof“thedignityoflabor,”asloganwhichthebourgeoisieusedtojustifytheiraccumulationofwealththroughdiligentworkandcolonialexpansion.Robinsonisaself-mademan.Hesucceedsincreatinganewlifeallthroughhisownefforts.Thenovelalsoexploresthethemeof“backtonature”.IndustrializationbroughtEnglandmaterialwealth,butitalsoendedthepeacefullifeinthecountrysideandcreatedappallingpovertyinthecity.Thenovelexpressesadesiretogobacktoamoreeconomicandbasiclifestyle.Afterfouryearsontheisland,Robinsonstartstolikeitsidylliclife.

4.ThemostliteraryofFrancisBacon’sworksishisfamouscollectionofessays,TheEssays.CouldyoulistsomeofthetypicalfeaturesofTheEssaysindetail?

ThemostliteraryofBacon’sworksishisfamouscollectionofessays,TheEssays,orCounsels,CivilandMorall.Theseessayswereimmediatelysuccessfulandgreatlylikedbythepublicforthreereasons.Firstly,theliteraryformwasnewtotheEnglishaudience.AlthoughessayshadbeenwrittensincethetimeoftheancientGreeksandRomans,theformreceiveditsnameonlyafter1580.itwastheFrenchphilosopherMontaignewhofirstcalledhisprosepiecesessays,andBaconborrowedthetitlefromhim.ButdifferentfromMontaigne’spersonaandinformalstyle,Bacon’sstyleismoreformalandmoretightlyorganized.

Secondly,theseessayscoveravarietyofsubjects,rangingfromabstractsubjectssuchas“themeaningoftruth”and“thecompositionofbeauty”toconcrete,practicalmatterssuchas“friendship,”“marriage,”and“parentsandchildren.”Bacon’sessayscameatatimeofgreatintellectualandsocialchanges----atimewhentheEnglishpeoplewerereadjustingtheirvisionsandmoralstandards.Thesechangesincludedavastnumberofmatterssuchasanewattitudetowardslifeanddeath,astrongerdesiretoexploretheunknownfieldsofknowledge,andabetterunderstandingofone’sinnerselfinrelationtotheoutsideworld.

Thirdly,theseessays,thoughshort,aresinewy,fullofwisdom,andelegantlyphrased.Theyofferpeopleusefulandpracticaladvice,andencouragepeopletoplaymoreactiverolesintheirsociallife.Bacon’sessaysconsistofmanygoodexamplesofworldlywisdom.ThefollowingareamongthemostfrequentlyquotedquotesintheEnglishlanguage.

5.GiveabriefaccountofthecontributionswhichWilliamWordsworthmadetothedevelopmentoftheEnglishpoetry.

AsagreatRomanticpoet,WordsworthmadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentoftheEnglishpoetry.HisLyricalBallads,writtenwithColeridge,isgenerallyregardedasthesymbolofthebeginningoftheRomanticperiodinEngland.Hedefinedthepoetasa“manspeakingtomen”andpoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesinemotionrecollectedintranquility.”Wordsworthisregardedasa“worshipperofnature.”Naturestandsoutinhispoetry.AcaseinpointisIwanderedLonelyasaCloud,oneofthemostbeautifulpoemsinEnglishliterature.Hesympathizeswiththepoorandtheirjoysandsorrowsarehisconstantthemes.Hispoetryischaracterizedbysimplicityandpurityofhislanguage.WordsworthistheleadingfigureoftheEnglishRomanticpoetry,themajorpoeticvoiceoftheperiod.ThemostimportantcontributionhehasmadeisthathehasnotonlystartedthemodernpoetrybutalsochangedthecourseofEnglishpoetry.HeisoneofEnglish“LakePoets”.

6.WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishRomanticismandAmericanRomanticism?

7.InwhatdifferentwayscanthenovelMoby-Dickbeinterpreted?

ThedifficultsymbolofallisMobyDick,thewhitewhale,whichcanbeinterpretedindifferentwaysandmeansdifferentthingsfordifferentpeople.ToAhab,thewhaleiseitheranevilcreatureitselfortheagentofanevilforcethatcontrolstheuniverse,orperhapsboth.Astothereader,thewhalecanbeviewedasasymbolofthephysicallimitsthatlifeimposesuponman.Itmayalsoberegardedasasymbolofnature,oraninstrumentofGod’svengeanceuponevilman.

ToIshmael,thewhalehasmultipleimplications.Itisanastonishingforce,animmensepower,whichdefiesrationalexplanationduetoasenseofmysteryithas.Itisbeautiful,benign,butmalignantaswell.Italsorepresentsthetremendousorganicvitalityoftheuniverse,forithasalifeforcethatsurgesonwardirresistibly,impervioustothedesiresorwillsofmen.Thesearejustafewexampleofpossibleinterpretationspeoplecomeupwith.

Ingeneral,themultiplicityandambivalenceofthesymbolicmeaningofthewhaleissuchthatitbecomesasourceofintensespeculation,anobjectofprofoundcuriosityforthereader,aswellasforIshmael.

8.WhatmakesDickinson’spoemsmemorabledespitetheirthematicsimplicity?

Herpoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway.Herpoemshavenotitles,hencearealwaysquotedbytheirfirstlines.Inherpoetrythereisaparticularstresspattern.Dickinson’sirregularorsometimesinvertedsentencestructurealsoconfusesreaders.However,herpoeticidiomisnotedforitsbrevity,directnessandplainness.Herpoemsareusuallyshort,rarelymorethantwentylines,andmanyofthemarecenteredonasingleimageorsymbolandfocusedononesubjectmatter.Duetoherdeliberateseclusion,herpoemstendtobeverypersonalandmeditative.Shefrequentlyusespersonaetorenderthetonemorefamiliartothereader,andpersonificationtovivifysomeabstractideas.Dickinson'

spoetry,despiteitsostensibleformalsimplicity,isremarkableforitsvariety,subtletyandrichness;

andherlimitedprivateworldhasneverconfinedthegreatpowerofhercreativityandimagination.

9.HowdoesnaturalismreflectedinTheodoreDreiser’sworks?

Asagenre,naturalismemphasizedheredityandenvironmentasimportantdeterministicforcesshapingindividualizedcharacterswhowerepresentedinspecialanddetailedcircumstances.Atbottom,lifewasshowntobeironic,eventragic.Dreiserdescribedearthlyexistenceas“awelterofinscrutableforces,”inwhichwastrappedeachindividualhumanbeing.Inhiswords,Manisa“victimofforcesoverwhichhehasnocontrol.”Tohim,lifeis"

sosad,sostrange,somysteriousandsoinexplicable."

Nowonderthecharactersinhisbooksareoftensubjecttothecontrolofthenaturalforces--especiallythoseofenvironmentandheredity.

InSisterCarrieDreiserexpressedhisnaturalisticpursuitbyexpoundingthepurposelessnessoflifeandattackingtheconventionalmoralstandards.

FromthefirstnovelSisterCarrieon,DreisersethimselftoprojecttheAmericanvaluesforwhathehadfoundthemtobe--materialistictothecore.Livinginsuchasocietywithsuchavaluesystem,thehumanindividualisobsessedwithanever-ending,yetmeaninglesssearchforsatisfactionofhisdesires.Oneofthedesiresisformoneywhichwasamotiv