小学英语常见形容词及比较级最高级变化一览表文档格式.docx
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hot(热的)—hotter—hottestred(红的)—redder—reddest
sad(伤心的)—sadder—saddestthin(瘦的)—thinner—thinnest
wet(湿的)—wetter—wettestmad(疯的)—madder—maddest
3.以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词,加上“r”“st”构成比较级、最高级:
able(能干的)—abler—ablestbrave(勇敢的)—braver—bravestclose(接近的)—closer—closestfine(好的,完美的)—finer—finest
large(巨大的)—larger—largestlate(迟的)—later—latestnice(好的)—nicer—nicestripe(成熟的)—riper—ripest
rude(粗鲁的)—ruder—rudestsafe(安全的)—safer—safeststrange(奇怪的)—stranger—strangestwide(宽广的)—wider—widest
wise(睿智的,聪明的)—wiser—wisestwhite(白的)—whiter—whitest
4.以字母y结尾的形容词,把y改为i,再加上“er”“est”构成比较级、最高级:
busy(忙碌的)—busier—busiestdirty(脏的)—dirtier—dirtiestdry(干燥的)—drier—driestearly(早的)—earlier—earliest
easy(容易的)—easier—easiestfriendly(友好的)—friendlier—friendliest
funny(好玩的)—funnier—funniesthappy(开心的)—happier—happiesthealthy(健康的)—healthier—healthiestheavy(重的)—heavier—heaviest
hungry(饿的)—hungrier—hungriestlazy(懒惰的)—lazier—laziest
lucky(幸运的)—luckier—luckiestnaughty(调皮的)—naughtier—naughtiestnoisy(嘈杂的)—noisier—noisiestpretty(美丽的)—prettier—prettiest
silly(傻的)—sillier—silliestspicy(辣的)—spicier—spiciest
thirsty(渴的)—thirstier—thirstiestugly(丑的)—uglier—ugliest
5.双音节、多音节形容词,在单词前面加上“more”“most”构成比较级、最高级:
afraid(害怕的)—moreafraid—mostafraidbeautiful(美丽的)—morebeautiful—mostbeautifulcareful(仔细的)—morecareful—mostcarefulcheerful(开心的)—morecheerful—mostcheerfulcrowded(拥挤的)—morecrowded—mostcrowdeddangerous(危险的)—moredangerous—mostdangerousdelicious(美味的)—moredelicious—mostdeliciousdifficult(困难的)—moredifficult—mostdifficultexciting(令人兴奋的)—moreexciting—mostexcitingexpensive(昂贵的)—moreexpensive—mostexpensivefamous(著名的)—morefamous—mostfamousfrightened(受惊的)—morefrightened—mostfrightenedfrightening(令人害怕的)—morefrightening—mostfrighteninghard-working(勤奋的)—morehard-working—mosthard-workinghelpful(有帮助的)—morehelpful—mosthelpfulhonest(诚实的)—morehonest—mosthonestimportant(重要的)—moreimportant—mostimportantinteresting(有趣的)—moreinteresting—mostinterestingpolite(有礼貌的)—morepolite—mostpoliteterrible(可怕的)—moreterrible—mostterribletired(累的)—moretired—mosttired
6.不规则变化的形容词:
bad(坏的)—worse—worstfar(远的)—farther—farthest(far—further—furthest)good(好的)—better—bestill(病的)—worse—worst
little(少的)—less—leastmany(多的)—more—most
much(多的)—more—mostold(年老的)—older—oldest(old—elder—eldest)
well(好的,身体好的)—better—best
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,
例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,
例如,nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,
例如,heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,
例如,big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,
例如,slowly-moreslowly-mostslowly;
beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful
一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如:
small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即:
辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautiful
different→moredifferent→mostdifferent
easily→moreeasily→mosteasily
注意:
(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the,副词最高级前可不用.
例句:
TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.
(2)形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"
非常"
.
Itisamostimportantproblem.
=Itisaveryimportantproblem.
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.
good→better→bestwell→better→best
bad→worse→worstill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→mostlittle→less→least
far→further/farther→furthest/farthest
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“A+be+形容词比较级+than+B”意思为“A比B更……”.
Thistreeistallerthanthatone.这棵树比那棵树高.
①在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.
②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.
Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.
③very,quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.
2.“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+原级”表示“越来越……”
Itbecomeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.
Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.
天气越来越凉爽.
Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.
风变得越来越大.
Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽.
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.
Whoistaller,TimorTom谁更高,Tim还是Tom
4.“the+比较级……,the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多.
Thesooner,thebetter.
越快越好.
5.表示倍数的比较级用法:
①.Ais…timesthesize/height/length/widthofB.
Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②.Ais…timesasbig/high/long/wide/largeasB.
AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③.Ais…timeslarger/higher/longer/widerthanB.
Ourschoolistwicebiggerthanyours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍.
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.
句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如:
ofthethree,inourclass等等.
Heisthetallestinourclass.
他在我们班里是最高的.
7."
否定词语+比较级"
"
否定词语+so…as"
结构表示最高级含义.
Nothingissoeasyasthis.
=Nothingiseasierthanthis.
=Thisistheeasiestthing.
8.比较级与最高级的转换:
Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.
Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词
①.abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等.
②.还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.
③.以上词(除byfar)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.
使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.
(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.
(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级:
byfar,far,much,mostly,almost.
Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.
a.very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同.
Thisistheverybest.
Thisismuchthebest.
b.序数词通常只修饰最高级.
Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级.
(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.
(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.
(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中.
(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.
(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.
10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则.
ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.
Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.
11.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.
比较:
Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia
Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia
Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.
Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.