机械工程外文翻译.doc

机械工程外文翻译.doc

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沈阳航空航天大学毕业设计论文

外文资料原文及译文

学院：

机电工程学院

专业：

机械设计制造及其自动化

班级：

学号：

姓名：

-24-

Mechanicalengineering1.Theporfileofmechanicalengineering

Engingeeringisabranchofmechanicalengineerig,itstudiesmechanicalandpowergenerationespeciallypowerandmovement.

2.Thehistoryofmechanicalengineering

18thcenturylaterperiods,thesteamengineinventionhasprovidedamainpowerfountainheadfortheindustrialrevolution,enormouslyimpelledeachkindofmechznicalbiting.Thus,animportantbranchofanewEngineering–separatedfromthecivilengineeringtoolsandmachinesonthebranch-developedtogetherwithBirminghamandtheestablishmentoftheAssociantionofMechanicalEngineersin1847hadbeenofficiallyrecognized.Themechanicalengineeringalreadymainlyusedinbytrialanderrormethodmechanicapplicationtechnologicaldevelopmentintoprofessionalengineerthescientificmethodofwhichintheresearch,thedesignandtherealmofproductionused.Fromthemostbroadperspective,thedemendcontinuouslytoenhancetheefficienceyofmechanicalengineersimprovethequalityof

work,andaskedhimtoacceptthehistoryofthehighdegreeofeducationandtraining.Machineoperationtostressnotonlyeconomicbutalsoinfrastructurecoststoanabsoluteminimun.

3.Thefieldofmechanicalengineering

Thecommoditymachinerydevelopmentinthedevelopcountry,inthehighlevelmateriallifeverygreatdegreeisdecidedeachkindofwhichcanrealizeinthemechanicalengineering.Mechanicalengineersunceasinglywillinventthemachinenextlifetoproducethecommodity,unceasinglywilldeveloptheaccuracyandthecomplexitymoreandmorehighmachinetoolsproducesthemachine.Themaincluesofthemechanicaldevelopmentis:

Inordertoenhancetheexcellentinqualityandreasonableinpriceproducetoincreasetheprecisionaswellastoreducetheproductioncost.Thisthreerequirementspromotedthecomplexcontrolsystemdevelopment.Themostsuccessfulmachinemanufactureisitsmachineandthecontrolsystemclosefusion,whethersuchcontrolsystemisessentiallymechanicalorelectronic.Themodernizedcarenginproductiontransmissionline（conveyerbelt）isaseriesofcomplexproductionscraftmechanization

verygoodexample.Thepeopleareintheprocessofdevelopmentinordertoenablefurtherautomationoftheproductionmachinery,theuseofacomputertostoreandhandlelargevolumesofdata,thedataisamultifunctionalmachinetoolsnecessaryfortheproductionofspareparts.Oneoftheobjectivesistofullyautomatedproductionworkshop,threerotation,butonlyoneofficerperdaytooperate.Thedevelopmentofproductionformechanicalmachinerymusthaveadequatepowersupply.Steamenginefirstprovidedtheheattogeneratepowerusingpracticalmethodsintheoldhuman,windandhydropower,anincreaseofengin.Newmechanicalengineeringindustryisoneofthechallengesfacedbytheinitialincreasethermaleffciencyandpower,whichisasbigsteamturbineandthedevelopmentofjointsteamboilersbasicallyachieved.20thcentury,turbinegeneratorstoprovideimpetushasbeensustainedandrapidgrowth,whilethermalefficiencyissteadygrowth,andlargepowerplantsperkWcapitalconsumptionisalsodeclining.Finally,mechanicalengineershavenuclearenergy.Thisrequirestheapplicationofnuclearenergyparticularlyhighreliabilityandsecurity,

whichrequiressolvingmanynewproblems.Largepowerplantsandthenuclearpowerplantcontrolsystemshavebecomehighlycomplexelectroonics,fluid,electricity,waterandmechanicalpartsnetworksAllinallareasrelatedtothemechanicalengineers.Smallinternalcombustionengine,bothtothetype（petrolanddieselmachines）orrotary-type（gasturbinesandMongKerrmachine）,aswellastheirbroadapplicationinthefieldoftransportshouldalsoduetomechanicalenginerrs.Throughoutthetransport,bothintheairandspace,orintheterrestrialandmarine,mechanialengineerscreatedavarietyofequipmentandpowerdevicestotheirincreasingcooperationwithelectricalengineers,especiallyinthedevelopmentofapproprationcontrolsystems.Mechanicalengineersinthedevelopmentofmilitaryweaponstechnologyandcivilwar,needsasimilar,thoughitspurposeistoenhanceratherthandestroytheirproductivity.However.Warneedsalotofresourcestomaketheareaoftechonlogy,manyhaveafar-reachingdevelopmentinpeacetimeefficiency.Jetaircraftandnuclearreactorsarewellknownexamples.

TheBiologicalengineering,mechanicalengineeringbiotechnologyisarelativelynewanddifferentareas,itprovidesforthereplacementofthemachineorincreasethebodyfunctionsaswellasformedicalequipment.Artficiallimbshavebeendevelopedandhavesuchastrongmovementandtouchresponsefunctionofthehumanbody.Inthedevelopmentofartificialorgantransplantisrapid,complexcardiacmachinesandsimilarequipmenttoenableincreasinglycomplexsurgery,andinjuriesandillpatientslifefunctionscanbesustained.Someenviromentalcontrolmechanicalengineersthroughtheinitialeffortstodrainageorirrigationpumpingtothelandandtomineandventilationtocontrolthehumanenvironment.Modernrefrigerationandair-conditioningplantcommonalyusedreverseheatengine,wheretheheatfromtheenginefromcoldplacestomoreexternalheat.Manymechanicalengineeringproducts,aswellasotherleadingtechnologydevelopmentcityhavesideeffectsontheenvironment,producingnoise,waterandairpollutioncaused,destroyedlandandlandscape.Improveproductivityanddivertoofastinthecommodity,thattherenewablenatural

forceskeeppace.Formechanicalengineersandothers,environmentalcontrolisrapidlydevelopingarea,whichincludesapossibledevelopmentandproductionofsmallquantitiesofpollutantsmachinesequnce,andthedevelopmentofnewequipmentandteachnologyhasbeentoreduceandeliminatepollution.

4.Theroleofmechanicalengineering

Therearefourgenericmechanicalengineersincommontotheabovealldomainsfunction.The1stfunctionistheunderstandingandtheresearchmechanicalsciencefoundation.ItincludesthepowerandmovementoftherelationshipdynamicsForexample,inthevibrationandmovementoftherelationship;Automaticcontrol;Studyofthevariousformsofheart,energy,powerrelationsbetweenthethermodynamic;Fluidflows;Heattransfer;Lubricant;Andmaterialproperties.The2ndfunctionwillbeconductstheresearch,thedesingandthedevelopment,thisfunctioninturnattemptstocarryontheessentialchangetosatisfycurrentandthefutureneeds.Thisnotonlycallsforaclearunderstandingofmechanicalscience,andhavetobreak

downintobasicelementsofacomplexsystemcapacity.Butalsotheneedforsyntheticandinnovativeinventions.The3rdfunctionisproducestheproductandthepower,includeplan,operationandmaintenance.Itsgoalliesinthemaintenanceeitherenhancestheenterpriseortheorganizationlonger-ternandsurvivabilatyprestigeatthesametime,producesthegreatestvaluebytheleastinvestmentsandtheconsumption.The4thfunctionismechanicalengineer’scoordinatedfunction,includingthemanagement,theconsultation,aswellascarriesonthemarketmarkingincertainsituation.

Inallthesefunction,onekindunceasinglytousethescienceforalongtimethemethod,butisnottraditionalortheintuitionmethodtendency,thisisamechanicalengineeringskillaspectwhichunceasinglygrows.Thesenewrationalizationmeanstypicalnamesinclude:

Theoperationsresearch,theengineeringeconomics,thelogicallawproblemanalysis（iscalledPABLA）However,creativityisnotrationalization.Asinotherareas,inmechanicalengineering,

totakeunexpectedandimportantwaytobringaboutanewcapacity,stillhasapersonal,markedcharacteristice.

5.Thedesignofmechanicalengineering

Thedesignofmechanicalisthedesignhasthemechanicalpropertythethingorthesystem,suchas:

theinstrumentandthemeasuringapplianceinverymanysituations,themachinedesignmustusetheknowledgeofdisciplinetheandsoonmathematics,materialsscienceandmechanics.

Mechanicalengineeringdesginincludeingallmechanicaldesgin,butitwasastudy,becauseitalsoincludesallthebranchesofmechsnicalengineering,suchasthermodynamicsallhydrodynamicsinthebasicdisciplinesneeded,inthemechanicalengineeringdesignoftheinitialstudeormechanicaldesign.Designstages.Theentiredesginprocessfromstarttofinish,intheprocess,ademandthatisdesignedforitanddecidedtodothestart.Afteralotofrepetition,thefinalmeetthisdemandbytheendofthedesignproceesandtheplan.Designconsiderations.Sometimesinasystemistodecidewhichpartsneedsintensitypartsofgeometricshapes

andsizeanimportantfactorinthiscontextthatwemustconsiderthattheintensityisanimportantfactorinthedesign.Whenweuseexpressiondesignconsiderations,wedesignpartsthatmayaffecttheentiresystemdesignfeatures.Inthecircumstancesspecifiedinthedesign,usuallyforaseriesofsuchfunctionsmustbetakenintoaccount.Howeever,tocorrectpurposes,weshouldrecognizethat,inmanycasesthedesignofimportantdesignconsiderationsarenotcalculatedortestcandeterminethecomponentsorsystems.Especiallystudents,wheeninneedtomakeimportantdecisionsinthedesignandconductofanyoperationthatcannotbethecase,theyareoftenconfused.Thesearenotspecial,theyoccureveryday,imagine,forexample,amedicallaboratoryinthemechanicaldesign,frommarketingperspective,peoplehavehighexpectationsfromthestrengthandrelevanceofimpression.Thick,andheavypartsinstalledtogether:

toproduceasolidimpressionmach