intermediate赖世雄美国英语课本文档必备学习Word下载.docx
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（二）本文：
引言（Introduction）
主体，含篇（Part）、章（Chapter）、节（Section）、以及注释（Footnotes）
（三）参考资料：
参考书目（ReferencesorBibliography）
附录资料（Appendix）。
进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。
题目可以提供研究者：
一.研究的方向
二.研究的范围
三.资料搜集的范围
四.预期研究成果
通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。
构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。
如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。
好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。
此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。
当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如Seminar式的报告。
就算是小报告，也至少应含
（一）TITLEPAGES：
包含主题名称、作者、日期
（二）Summary：
即主要的结论
（三）Introduction：
包括理论背景及内容
（四）TechnicalSections：
是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。
（五）Conclusions：
即扼要的结论
（六）Appendixes：
复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项
美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。
写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此WordforWindow、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。
此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。
论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说（Presentation），用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。
投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。
1.RomeWasn’tBuiltinaDayp.1.
Englishisaninternationallanguage.Therefore,itisnecessaryforustolearnit.Itcanberewardingorjustawasteoftime.It’suptoyou.Itdependsonhowyoustudyit.HerearesometipsaboutlearningEnglish.
First,don’tbeafraidtomakemistakes.Youwilllearnfromthem.Second,youmustnotbeshy.Bethick-skinnedandspeakup!
Finally,youmushbepatient.Remember,“Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.”
2.HowtoImproveYourEnglishp.9.
MackistalkingtohisfriendDon.
M:
Hi,Don!
HowareyoudoinginyourEnglishclass?
D:
Notsowell,I’mafraid.
What’stheproblem?
I’mnotimproving.Tellme,howcomeyourEnglishissogood?
Well,uh…IhaveanAmericangirlfriend.
Aha!
That’sit.Nowback!
Iwasjustkidding!
3.TheCityofSongp.13
Listeningtomusicisthefavoritepastimeofmanypeopleallovertheworld.ThisisespeciallytrueforpeoplelivinginVienna,thecityofsong.BeingthehomeofMozart,thiscityisthebirthplaceofclassicalmusicandthewaltz.
MusicfillstheairinVienna.Goingtopublicconcertsisoftenfreeofcharge.Anddon’tforget,ViennaisalsohometotheworldfamousViennaBoys’Choir.NowonderpeoplesayAustriaisalwaysalivewiththesoundofmusic.
4.HeWhoHesitatesIsLostp.21
MikeisinViennawithhisgirlfriendDaisy.
Areyouhavingagoodtime,Daisy?
Arekidding?
I’mhavingthetimeofmylife.Ilovedtheconcerts.
Concertgoingisfantasticbutwhatelsecanwedo?
BikingalongthebanksoftheriverDanubecouldbefun.
Itsoundslikeagreatidea!
Let’sdoitthen.
You’reright.Astheysay,“Hewhohesitatesislost.”
5.BungeeJumpingp.26
Bungeejumpinglookslikefun.Itmakesmenervousjusttowatchsomeonedoit.Itcertainlytakesalotofgutstojumponethousandfeetabovethewaterwithonlyaropetiedtoyourlegs.Itscaresmejusttothinkaboutit.However,itissomethingIreallywanttodooneday.Jumpisfoolishenough,buttohavetopayforitismadness.Idon’tagree.Forme,toliveashortandexcitinglifeisfarbetterthantolivealongandboringone.Whatdoyouthink?
6.NothingVentured,NothingGainedp.35
LisaandBillaretalkingabouttheirfuture.
L:
What’syourgoldinlife,Bill?
B:
Toflyintheskyandfeelasfreeasabird.
That’seasy.
Whatdoyoumean?
Gobungeejumping.
Youmushbekidding.It’stoodangerous.
Well,nothingventured,nothinggained.
7.DoctorDeathp.39
Whetherverysickpeopleshouldbehelpedtoendtheirownlivesisaquestionmanypeoplecannotanswer.However,Dr.Kevorkianisanexception.Thathehasdonethismorethantwentytimesisknowntoeveryone.Somesaywhatheisdoingisimmoral.TheycallhimDoctorDeath.Otherssaywhatheisdoingismerciful.Theycallitmercykilling.
WhetherDr.Kevorkianshouldbeallowedtocontinuedoingthisisarealproblemforthegovernment.Thereseemtobetwosidestotheargument.Whichsideareyouon?
8.NoHeartsorNoBrains?
P.52
HelenandDickaretalkingaboutthepreviousarticle.
H:
Idon’tunderstandhowpeoplecanthinkDr.Kevorkianisdoingtherightthing.
Well,helpingpeoplediewithdignityisnotthatbad,init?
Don’tyouknow?
Wherethereislife,thereishope.
Comeon.Berealistic.Thosepeoplewhowanttodiearesuffering.It’sbetterthattheygoquicklyandpainlessly.
Allyoumenhavenohearts.
Andallyouwomenhavenobrains.
9.BeThoughtfulp.28
Beingthoughtfulsimplymeansthinkingofothersbeforeyourself.Whatyousayordowillhaveaneffectonothers.Soitisimportantthatyouthinkbeforeyousayordoanything.Inthisway,youcanavoidhurtingothers’feelings.Moreover,athoughtlessactorremarkcanspoilaperfectrelationship.
10.WhatAreFriendsFor?
Janemeetsheroldfriend,Fred.
J:
Hi,Fred!
How’severything?
F:
Notsogood,I’mafraid.Supportingafamilyisbecomingmoreandmoredifficultthesedays.
Whatyousaycan’tbemoretrue.Everythingissoexpensive.Icanhardlymakeendsmeetmyself.
Oh,really?
Doyouneedanymoney?
WhatIhaveisnotmuch,butIcanloanyousome.
I’mOK.Thanksforbeingsothoughtfulanyway.
Whatarefriendsfor?
11.PowerwithoutPollutionp.69
Pollutionisabigprobleminalmostallthebigcitiesoftheworld.Citypeopleare,therefore,becomingmoreandmoreworriedabouthowtheycangetridofpollution.Theyarealsoconcernedaboutwhetherthegovernmentisdoingenoughtoprotecttheenvironment.
However,peopleinIrelanddon’thavetheseworries.Theyaresurethattheyhavefoundtheanswertotheproblem.Theyusewindmills.Thesewindmillscancreatepowerwithoutcreatingpollution.Thismethodissosuccessfulthatothercountriesarethinkingofdoingthesame.Whynot?
WhatworksforIrelandcanworkforanyothercountry.
12.StoptheNoisep.77
Mr.ChenistalkingtohisneighborMrs.Wang.
C:
MayIhaveawordwithyou?
W:
Sure.What’stheproblem?
It’saboutyourson.I’mtiredofhismakingsomuchnoiseatallhoursoftheday.
I’msorry.I’msurehe’snotdoingitonpurpose.
I’msurehe’snot.Butwecandowithoutthenoisepollution,youknow?
You’reabsolutelyright.Bytheway,howwasyourpartylastnight?
Itsuresoundedlikeyouhadagreattime.
Uh…
13.HealthComesFirstp.81
Smokingisbadinthatitisharmfultoone’shealth.Inspiteofthefactthatdoctorshaveevenwarnedthatitcausescancer,peoplestillkeeponsmoking.
InsomeWesterncountries,however,peoplearebeginningtokickthebadhabit.Theyrealizethathealthshouldcomefirst.Tohelpthemquitsmoking,therearelawsagainstcigaretteadvertisingandsmokinginpublicplaces.ThisispraiseworthyexceptthatWesterncountriesarenowsellingcigarettesintheEastingreaternumbersthanever.Thattheyaredoingthisisimmoral,don’tyouthink?
14.QuitColdTurkeyp.89
Janeistalkingtoherboyfriend.
Youpromisedmethatyouweregoingtogiveupsmoking.What’sthatinyourhand?
I’msorry.IreallywanttoexceptthateverytimeIgetnervous,Ican’thelpsmoking.
That’sjustanexcuse.
No.It’strue.I’vetriedeverything:
chewinggum,bitingmyfingernailsandevenmeditation,butnothingworks.
Well,ifyouwanttobewithme,you’lljusthavetoquitcoldturkey.
Thatwillwork!
15.Don’tRelyonLuck!
P.93
Passingexamsiseverystudent’sdream.Failingthemistheirnightmare.So,torealizetheirdreams,manystudentstryanything.Theyevengotofortunetellers,buyluckycharmsandfollowoldcustoms.
InKorea,manystudentsburysomethingpersonalintheuniversitytheywanttoenter.Theybelievethatthesethingswillactasmagnetsand“pull”themintotheuniversity.Whetheritworksornot,nobodyreallyknows.Atleastitdoeseasethestudents’mindsaboutpassingexams.Remember,though,youcan’talwaysrelyonluck.Thereisnosubstituteforhardwork.
16.StudyorFlunkp.101
Kimbumpsintoherclassmate,Pak.
K:
What’sthematter,Pak?
Youlookdepressed.Didsomeonejustdieorwhat?
P:
Well,someoneisgoingtosoon.
Oh,myGod!
Really?
Whoisit?
Me.Iflunkedtheexamandmydad’sgoingtokillme.
Howcomeyouflunked?
Ithoughtyoudideverythingthefortunetellertoldyoutodo.
Ithoughtso,too.Iwassureofpassing.That’swhyIwenttoseehimthismorning.
Well,whatdidhesay?
HesaidIflunkedbecauseIdideverythingverywellexceptthatIforgotonething.
What’sthat?
Ididn’tstudy!
17.AComputerCarp.105
Youareinastrangecity.It’slateatnightandyou’retired.Butyoucan’tfindyourhotel.Yousighadeepsigh.Itseemslikeyouaredreamingaterribledream.Whatishappening?
Thissituationoftenhappenstopeoplewhotravelbycar.Butitmaybecomeathingofthepast.Newautocomputersarebeingdesignedtotellyouhowtoreachyourdestination.Asmalls
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