经济金融术语汉英对照表CE中国银行Word格式文档下载.docx
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loopholes
不变成本fixedcost
不变价atconstantprice;
inrealterms
不动产realestate
不良贷款（资产）problemloans;
non-performingloans（assets）
Ｃ
财务公司financecompanies
财政赤字fiscaldeficit
财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）
财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies
采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner
操作弹性operationalflexibility
操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate
产品构成productcomposition;
productmix
产品积压stockpile;
excessiveinventory
产销率currentperiodinventory;
（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio
产销衔接marketability
产业政策industrialpolicy
长期国债treasurybonds
敞口头寸openposition
炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket
承购包销underwrite（securities）
成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;
completeplant（s）
城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）
城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;
municipalunitedbanks
城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks
城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome
持续升温persistentoverheating
重复布点duplicateprojects
重置成本replacementcost
重组计划restructuringplan
筹资渠道fundingsources;
financingchannels
初见成效initialsuccess
出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports
出口退税exporttaxrebate
储蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。
）
储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits
储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings
传导机制transmissionmechanism
从价税advaloremtax
从紧控制tightcontrol
存贷款比例loan/depositratio
存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem
存款货币银行depositmoneybanks
存款准备金requiredreserves
Ｄ
打白条issueIOU
大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）
大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts
大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline
大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem
呆账（请见“坏账”）badloans
呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款idleloans
贷款沉淀non-performingloans
贷款分类loanclassification
贷款限额管理creditcontrol;
toimposecreditceiling
贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库toactasfiscalagent
代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions
戴帽贷款ear-markedloans
倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition
道德风险moralhazard
地区差别regionaldisparity
第一产业theprimaryindustry
第二产业thesecondaryindustry
第三产业theserviceindustry;
thetertiaryindustry
递延资产deferrableassets
订货不足insufficientorders
定期存款timedeposits
定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources
东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry
独立核算independentaccounting
短期国债treasurybills
对冲操作sterilizationoperation;
hedging
对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector
多种所有制形式diversifiedownership
Ｅ
恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation
二级市场secondarymarket
Ｆ
发行货币toissuecurrency
发行总股本totalstockissue
法定准备金requiredreserves;
reserverequirement
法人股institutionalshares
法人股东institutionalshareholders
法治ruleoflaw
房地产投资realestateinvestment
放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy
非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）
非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions
非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations
分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;
taxassignmentsystem
分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;
divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions
风险暴露（风险敞口）riskexposure
风险管理riskmanagement
风险意识riskawareness
风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios
风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard
服务事业收入publicservicecharges;
user'
scharges
扶贫povertyalleviation
负增长negativegrowth
复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;
capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount
Ｇ
改革试点reformexperimentation
杠杆率leverageratio
杠杆收购leveragedbuyout
高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest
个人股non-institutionalshares
根本扭转fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）
公开市场操作openmarketoperations
公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts
公用事业publicutilities
公有经济thestate-ownedsector;
thepublicsector
公有制publicownership
工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio
工业增加值industrialvalueadded
供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;
excessivesupply
鼓励措施incentives
股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises
股份制企业joint-equityenterprises
股份制银行joint-equitybanks
固定资产贷款fixedassetloans
关税减免tariffreductionandexemption
关税减让tariffconcessions
关税优惠tariffincentives;
preferentialtarifftreatment
规范行为toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior
规模效益economiesofscale
国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'
slivelihood
国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals
国家风险countryrisk
国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor
国际收支balanceofpayments
国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks
国有经济（部门）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector
国有企业state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）
国有制state-ownership
国有资产流失erosionofstateassets
国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase
国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities
过度竞争excessivecompetition
过度膨胀excessiveexpansion
过热迹象signsofoverheating
Ｈ
合理预期rationalexpectation
核心资本corecapital
合资企业joint-ventureenterprises
红利dividend
宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance
宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals
宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）
宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）
坏账baddebt
还本付息debtservice
换汇成本unitexportcost;
localcurrencycostofexportearnings
汇兑在途fundsinfloat
汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'
sbank
汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates
活期存款demanddeposits
汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment
混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership
货币政策态势monetarypolicystance
货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers
Ｊ
基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure
基本经济要素economicfundamentals
基本适度broadlyappropriate
基准利率benchmarkinterestrate
机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions
机会成本opportunitycost
激励机制incentivemechanism
积压严重heavystockpile;
挤提存款runonbanks
挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）
技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading
技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct
计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus
计划经济plannedeconomy
集体经济thecollectivesector
加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment
加工贸易processingtrade
加快态势acceleratingtrend
加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration
加权价weightedaverageprice
价格放开priceliberalization
价格形成机制pricingmechanism
减亏toreducelosses
简化手续tocutredtape;
tosimplify（streamline）procedures
交投活跃brisktrading
缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves
结构扭曲structuraldistortion
结构失调structuralimbalance
结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance
结构优化structuralimprovement（optimization）
结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange
金融脆弱financialfragility
金融动荡financialturbulence
金融风波financialdisturbance
金融恐慌financialpanic
金融危机financialcrisis
金融压抑financialrepression
金融衍生物financialderivatives
金融诈骗financialfraud
紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy
紧缩政策austeritypolicies;
tightfinancialpolicies
经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility
经济特区specialeconomiczones（SEZs）
经济体制改革economicreform
经济增长方式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）
经济增长减速economicslowdown;
moderationineconomicgrowth
经济制裁economicsanction
经营自主权autonomyinmanagement
景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity
境外投资overseasinvestment
竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition
局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financialdisturbance
Ｋ
开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness
可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth
可变成本variablecost
可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency
控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance
扣除物价因素inrealterms;
oninflation-adjustedbasis
库存产品inventory
跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking
跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement
会计准则accountingstandard
Ｌ
来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport
离岸银行业务off-shorebanking（business）
理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime
利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation
利润驱动profit-driven
利息回收率interestcollectionratio
联行清算inter-banksettlement
连锁企业franchise（businesses）;
chainbusinesses
良性循环virtuouscycle
两极分化growingincomedisparity;
polarizationinincomedistribution
零售物价指数retailpriceindex（RPI）
流动性比例liquidityratio
流动资产周转率／流通速度velocityofliquidassets
流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans
流通体制distributionsystem
流通网络distributionnetwork
留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hirepurchase
垄断行业monopolizedindustry（sector）
乱集资irregular（illegal）fundraising
乱收费irregular（illegal）charges
乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）levies
Ｍ
买方市场buyer'
smarket
卖方市场seller'
卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo
贸易差额tradebalance
民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit
免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears
明补explicitsubsidy
明亏explicitloss
名牌产品brandproducts
母国（请见“东道国”）homecountry
Ｎ
内部控制internalcontrol
内部审计internalaudit
内地与香港themainlandandHongKong
内债domesticdebt
扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone
扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources
农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement
农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）
Ｐ
泡沫效应bubbleeffect
泡沫经济bubbleeconomy
培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth
片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth
平衡发展balanceddevelopment
瓶颈制约bottleneck（constr
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