上海市八校届高三联考英语试题Word格式文档下载.docx
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SectionA(10×
1=10分)Directions:
Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.
HaveyoueverseenanoldmoviecalledThreeCoinsintheFountain?
ItisaboutthreeyoungAmericanwomen(21)_______(search)forpermanentromanceinRomeandtheyallfindit.Far-fetchedHollywood?
Well,fromtheworldhistorypointofview,romancedid,infact,setdownitsrootsinRome.
ThewordromanceevolvedinLatinfromRomatoRomanicusoftheRomanlanguage,totheOldFrenchromanzescrive,(22)_______means“towriteinaRomancelanguage,”andontotheEnglishromance.
TheRomancelanguages(23)____________(compose)ofsevengroupsoflanguagesthatallhaveLatin(24)______theirbasis.TheselanguagesincludeFrench,Italian,SpanishandPortuguese.ThecommonpeopleinancientRomespoke(25)________isreferredtoasVulgarLatin,aninformalspeech,asopposedtotheclassicalLatinofthemoreeducated.MostlanguageexpertsagreethatVulgarLatinisthechiefsourceoftheRomancelanguages.
MedievalRomancesweretales(26)__________(write)primaryinFrenchverseaboutbraveheroes.Thenotionofhavingaromancewithanotherpersonisthought(27)__________(develop)sometimeduringtheMiddleAges.Inthelate18thcenturyandonthroughthe19th,aromancewasnotalovestory(28)_________aworkofprosefictionthatcontainedfar-fetched,mysteriousevents.Romancesofthisperiod(29)_________(include)EnglishGothicnovelslikeTheCastleofOtrantobyHoraceWalpole.
Whatexactlyisatwentieth-centuryromance?
Doesithaveanyrelationshipwiththelively,popularnovelswrittentoday,withtheirfantasticplotsofloveaffairs?
OrdidtheplaywrightOscarWildehaveitrightinThePictureofDorianGray:
“Whenoneisinlove,onealwaysbeginsbydeceiving(30)_________,andonealwaysendsbydeceivingothers.Thatiswhattheworldcallsaromance.”
SectionB(10×
1=10分)
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
A.astonishinglyB.surroundingC.collapseD.unnoticed
E.interruptedF.previouslyG.congratulateH.predictions
I.potentialJ.producingK.properties
InthewakeofthehistoricannouncementofthediscoveryofgravitationalwavesonFebruary11,2016bytheLaserInterferometerGravitational-WaveObservatory(LIGO),BritishphysicistandblackholetheoristStephenHawkingwasquickto____31___theUS-ledcollaboration,sharinghisexcitementforthehistoricnews.
AccordingtoHawking,theseresultsconfirmseveralveryimportant____32___ofEinstein’stheoryofgeneralrelativityanditalsoconfirmstheexistenceofgravitationalwavesdirectly.
Asisbecomingclear,thedirectdetectionoftheseripplesinspacetimenotonlyconfirmsEinstein’sfamoustheoryofgeneraltheorybutitalsoopensoureyestoa(n)_33________“dark”universe.Astronomersemploytheelectromagneticspectrum(电磁光谱)tostudytheuniverse,butobjectsthatdonotradiateintheelectromagneticspectrumwillgo___34____.Butnowweknowhowtodetectgravitationalwaves,whichcanhelpusdetectandstudysomeofthemostenergeticcosmicphenomena.
“Gravitationalwavesprovideacompletelynewwayoflookingattheuniverseandtheabilitytodetectthemhasthe___35___torevolutionizeastronomy”saidHawking.“Thediscoveryisthefirstobservationofblackholesmerging.Theobserved__36____ofthissystemareconsistentwithpredictionsaboutblackholesthatImadein1970inCambridge.”
However,thisdiscoveryalsopresentsapuzzleforastrophysicists.Themassofeachoftheblackholesarelargerthanexpectedforthoseformedbythegravitational__37_____ofastar---sohowdidbothoftheseblackholesbecomesomassive?
Thisquestiontouchesononeofthebiggestmysteries___38___blackholeevolution.Currently,astronomersarehavingahardtimeunderstandinghowblackholesgrowtobesomassive.Ontheoneendofthescale,thereare“stellarmass(恒星质量)”blackholesthatformimmediatelyafteramassivestarexplodes,___39____anextremelybrightlight.Andwealsohaveanabundanceofevidencefortheexistenceofthesuper-massivethatliveinthecentersofmostgalaxies.Thereisadisconnect,however.Ifblackholesgrowbymergingandconsumingstellarmatter,thereshouldbeevidenceofblackholesofallsizes,but“intermediatemass”blackholesandblackholesofafewdozensolarmassesare____40____rare,throwingsomeblackholesevolutiontheoriesintodoubt.
Onethingisclear,however.Thisisthefirsttimethatwe’veacquireddirectevidenceofablackholemerger.Soit’sgoodtoknowwe’reontherighttrack.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA(15×
1=15分)
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Cowboyorspaceman?
Adilemmaforachildren’sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,inanessaypublishedin1966.Wehaverunour41,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:
takingandusingtheworld’sresources,42____thatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthis43agrasslandthanaspaceship---aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryingexhaustiblesupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmental44.Inthehalfcenturysincehisessay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohischallenge.“Ecologicaleconomists,”astheycallthemselves,wantto45__itsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay--andwilltheirideastakeoff?
Toits46,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.Theirstartingpointistorecognizethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Ourenvironment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitis47intraditionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthegovernmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisahugemistake.
Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:
throughtechnologicalchange,orthroughmaximumuseofresources.Onlythe48,theysay,isworthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP(grossdomesticproduct),asimple49whichdoesnottakeintoaccountresourceexhaustion,unpaidworkandcountlessotherfactors.50,theyadvocatemoreholisticapproaches,suchasGPI(genuineprogressindicator),acomposite(复合的)indexthatincludethingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcaraccidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperperson51in1978:
bydestroyingourenvironment,wearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,accordingtoexperts,liesina“steady-state”economy,wheretheuseofmaterialsandenergyisheld52.
Mainstreameconomistsarenot53.GPI,theypointout,isasubjectivestandard.AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,whopredictedinthe18thcentury,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeingsfindsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomists54self-satisfaction.In2009,apaperinNaturearguedthathumanactivityisalready55safeplanetaryboundariesonissuessuchasbiodiversityandclimatechange.Thatsuggestsecologisteconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportantquestions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.
41.A.grasslandB.nationC.economyD.spaceship
42.A.ignorantB.confidentC.astonishedD.anxious
43.A.lessB.smallerC.moreD.larger
44.A.movementsB.influencesC.limitsD.threats
45.A.rejectB.realizeC.resembleD.revolutionize
46.A.challengersB.learnersC.advocatesD.professors
47.A.addressedB.ignoredC.opposedD.reflected
48.A.advancedB.formerC.latterD.scientific
49.A.numberB.productC.ideaD.measure
50.A.InadditionB.ForexampleC.InotherwordsD.Initsplace
51.A.peakedB.plungedC.persistedD.paused
52.A.sufficientB.efficientC.constantD.adequate
53.A.impressedB.involvedC.concernedD.appointed
54.A.callforB.contributetoC.warnagainstD.referto
55.A.settingB.oversteppingC.extendingD.redrawing
SectionB(11×
2=22分)
Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
(A)
EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcern--thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestappearinggray.Myspiritsebb,astheydidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine15yearsago."
Justwait,"
aneighboradvised."
You'
llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere."
Andlook,onMay3thatyearIawoketoagreensoamazingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofflippingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreen.Leaveshadunfoldedanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwayheavenward.
Thentherewastheol