英文翻译基于单片机的电子密码锁Word格式文档下载.docx
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指导教师李大海
郑州科技学院电气工程学院
二○一四年五月
ThedesignofmatrixkeyboardandLCDdisplaybasedonMCU
Abstract
Thedevelopmentofmicroelectronicstechnologyandindustrialmeasurerequirementbringagoodopportunityfordevelopmentandresearchsystem，whichmakesitabroadprospects.Theequipmenthastheadvantagesofsmallsize,singlepowersupplyandavarietyofoutputvoltageleadsithasaspecialmodule.Throughtheanalysisofthehardwarestructure,wecansummarizeseachmoduleneeds.Forexample,weoftengothroughthekeystorealizethecontroloftheelectronicdevice.Smalltowatchmobilephone,totheTVcomputer,toavarietyofcomplexinstruments,allneedtorealizevariousoperationsthroughthebuttons.Thisdesignisanimportantpartofstepforthefurtherresearch，usingbuttonstocontrolthedisplay，includesomemoduleslikeLCD1602liquidcrystaldisplay，4*4matrixkeyboard，STC89C52single-chipmicrocomputerandotherchips.CombinewiththeProteussoftware，thesimulationresultsaredisplayedontheLCDin1602typeofdata.
KEYWORDS:
Single-chip;
LCD1602liquidcrystaldisplay;
4*4Matrixkeyboard
1Introduction
Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandtheprogressofscienceandtechnology,Microprocessorsandperipheralchipshavedevelopedrapidly.ThenewestdevelopmentoftheintegratedtechnologyistheCPUchipandexternal.Liketheprogrammemory,datamemory,parallel,serial,I/Otiming/counter,interruptcontrollerandothercontrolcomponentsareintegratedinachip—singlechip.SCMhasamanufacturingprocessCMOS,Thesmallerlithographyprocessimprovesintegrationwhichmakethechipspacesmaller,lowercost,lowerworkingvoltage,lowerpowerconsumption.AdoptsdoubleCPUstructure,increasingthewidthofdatabus,improvethespeedandtheabilityofdataprocessing,apipelinestructure,improvetheprocessingandcomputingspeed,inordertomeettheneedsofreal-timecontrolandprocessing.Toincreasethestoragecapacity,theinternalEPROMEPPROM,secureprogram,toimprovethedrivingcapabilityofparallelport,inordertoreducetheperipheraldrivingchip,increasethelogicfunctionandcontroltheexternalI/Oportflexibility.Peripheralinserialmodebasedexpansion;
peripheralcircuitinternalinstallationisanobvioustrendtoconnecttheinternet.Reliabilityandapplicationlevelisgettinghigherandhigher.Somehigh-endmicrocontrollerandlaunchedinrecentyearsalsocontainsmanyspecialfunctionunit,SuchasA/Dconverter,modem,communicationcontroller,PLL,DMA,floatingpointunitetc.So,asweaddsomeexternalexpansionofthecircuitandchannelinterfaceitcanconstituteavarietyofcomputerapplications,suchasindustrialcontrolsystems,dataacquisitionsystem,automatictestsystem,intelligentinstrument,intelligentinterface,functionmoduleetc.WithMCUdevelopmentandcompletestructure,SCMhasbecomeapowerfultoolandwillhaveahigherlevelandbroaderdevelopment.
2Designofthewholestructureofsystem
Thisdesignisbasedonsingle-chip,includematrixkeyboardandLCDdisplaymodule.Single-chipisthefirstmodeltoselecttheappropriatetarget,function,reliability,cost,accuracyandspeedcontrolsystem.Accordingtotheactualsituationofthetopicselection,configurationmanagementmodeldifferentmainlyfromthefollowingtwoaspects:
First,supplychainmanagementhasstronganti-interferenceability;
second,SCMhasahigherprice.Forinformationinputmodule,keyboardselectioncanuseeconomicbenefitsandmeettherequirementsofthe4*4keymatrixkeyboardcanrealizemultifunctionkeyrequirements.Asfortheoutputmodule,usingLCD1602liquidcrystaldisplaymodule,liquidcrystaltoachievekeyinformationprocessingfunctionsaftertheshow.ThecircuitofthesystemisrequiredbyAT89C51chip,clockcircuit,resetcircuit,drivingcircuit,scanninglinedrivingcircuitandLCD1602LCDscreen.4*4matrixkeyboardaccessofP1.0—P1.7,LCD1602screentoaccessP0.0—P0.7.
3Systemhardwarecircuitdesign
3.1Liquidcrystalmodule
Theprincipleofliquidcrystaldisplayistheuseofphysicalpropertiesofliquidcrystal,Thedisplaycontrolareavoltage,powerisdisplayed,itcandisplaygraphics.Liquidcrystaldisplaywiththinthickness,suitableforlargescaleintegratedcircuitdirectlydriven,easytorealizefullcolordisplaycharacteristics,hasbeenwidelyusedinmanyfieldsofportablecomputer,digitalcamera,PDAmobilecommunicationtoolsetc.
1602liquidcrystalisalsocalledthe1602characterLCD,whichisaspecialusedtodisplayletters,numbers,symbolsoftheLCDmodule.Itiscomposedofapluralityof5X7or5X11dotmatrixcharactercomponents,eachdotmatrixcharacterwhocandisplayacharacter,thereisadistancebetweentheintervalofeach,thereareintervalsbetweeneachline,playedthecharacterspacingandrowspacing,andbecauseofthisitisnotwelldisplaygraphics（withcustomCGRAM,showtheeffectisnotgood）.1602LCDreferstothedisplayofthecontentforthe16X2,whichcandisplaytwolines,16charactersperline（LCDmoduledisplaycharactersandnumbers）.
3.2Matrixkeyboardmodule
1.Keycharacteristics
Thekeyboardiscomposedofanumberofseparatekeys,pressandreleasekeyisthroughtheclosedmechanicalcontactandofftoachieve,becauseoftheelasticactionofmechanicalcontact,intheclosingandtheopeningofthemomenthasadither.Jittermustbeeliminated,includesoftwareandhardwareelimination.
2．Scanningprinciple
Firstdeterminewhetherakeyisclosed,andthenonebyonescantofurtherdeterminewhichbuttonclosure;
（1）D0~D3output0,leveldetectionlineD4toD7.IftheD4-levelD7allhigh,saidnokeywaspressed.IftheD4-levelD7isnotallhigh,saidthekeywaspressed.
（2）Ifnokeyclosure,returnthescanning.Ifthereisabuttonclosure,incolumnbycolumnscanning,closedkeykeynumbertofindout.TheD0=0,D1~D3=1,D4~D7level,ifD4=0,saidtheK1keyispressed;
similarly,iftheD5~D7=0,K5respectively,K9,K13keyisdown;
iftheD4~D7=1,saidthatwithoutakeyispressed.ThentheD1=0,D0,D2,D3was1,thescanningofthesecondcolumns,whichwerecarriedon,untiltheclosureofthekeyfound.
4Softwaredesign
Thesoftwaredesignmainlyconsistsofkeyboardscanningprocedures,writeinstructioncodeprogramofLCDmodule,LCDmoduledisplaydatainitializationcodewrittensubroutine,liquidcrystaldisplaymodule,liquidcrystaldisplayacharactersubroutine,timedelaysubroutineandsoon.Programmingforeachmodule,softwareprogrammingended,Keilsoftwarewasusedfordebugging,whenthevariouspartsoftheprogramdebuggingiscorrect,accordingtothesourcesequenceofcalls,thepartstogether,compile,compilesuccessfullydownloadedtothemcu.Theresultiswhentheuserpressesakey,LCDdisplayofthebuttonispressedaftertherealizationoffunctionalparameterscorrespondingtothe.Whenthesystempowersupply,P1portscancycleandthekeybuttondebounce,aftercompletionofinputthroughtheSCMprocessing,outputintheP0port,throughtheliquidcrystaldisplayprogramcontent,completesystemfunction.
5Conclusion
Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofhighandnewtechnology,theminiaturizationandtheminiaturizationofelectronicproductshasbeenachieved.Andallkindsofnewtechnology,asasinglefieldofthenewmethod,thedevelopmenttrendofnewproductsandsymbol--intelligentsignificantlyisoneofthetrendsindevelopment.ThemoduledesigndisplaymicrocontrollermatrixkeyboardandLCD,makeusunderstandtothistechnologyinnovation,throughin-depthstudyonthistechnology,wecanmastertheuseinotherareas,suchasthedesignofelectronicpasswordlock,adjustmentandcontrolofindoortemperatureandhumidity,fieldaccesscontrolsystemdesignetc..Technologicalprogressandeconomicdevelopmentarethemainthemesofthepresentera,theimprovementofpeople'
slivingstandardisboundtotherequirementsofelectronicproductsincrease,thedesignofanyasmallsystemisforafoundation,designofsysteminnovation,thehardware,softwareintegration,methodandtechnologyofvirtualdisplayandsoftmeasurementartificialintelligence,Ifirmlybelievethatourlifewillbemorecolourful.
基于单片机的矩阵键盘与液晶显示的设计
摘要
微电子技术的发展和工业测量的需求，给系统的开发及深入研究带来了良好的契机，发展前景广阔。
其设备体积小，单电源供电，多种电压输出的特点，使其模块的设计有其特殊性。
通过对硬件结构的分析，总结出了各功能模块的需求。
例如，我们经常要通过按键来实现对电子装置的控制，小到手表手机，中到电视电脑，大到各种复杂仪器，都需要通过按键来实现各种操作。
本次设计作为深入开展进一步的研究是一个重要环节，将以按键控制显示为主题，以LCD1602液晶显示、4*4矩阵键盘、STC89C52单片机及其接口芯片为核心构造一个键盘控制显示系统，并使用Proteus软件对所设计的电路进行仿真，仿真结果是在LCD1602液晶上显示键入的数据。
关键词：
单片机；
LCD1602液晶显示；
矩阵键盘
1简介
随着经济的进步科技的发展，微处理器及其外围芯片有了迅速的发展。
集成技术的最新进展之一是将CPU和外围芯片，如程序存储器、数据存储器、并行、串行、I/O定时／计数器、中断控制器及其他控制部件集成在一个芯片之中，制成单片。
单片机具有制作工艺CMOS化；
更小的光刻工艺提高了集成度，从而使芯片更小、成本更低、工作电压更低、功耗更低；
采用双CPU结构，增加数据总线的宽度，提高数据处理的速度和能力；
采用流水线结构，提高处理和运算速度，以适应实时控制和处理的需要。
增大存储容量，片内EPROM的EPPROM化，程序的保密化；
提高并行口驱动能力，以减少外围驱动芯片，增加外围I/O口的逻辑功能和控制的灵活性；
以串行方式为主的外围扩展；
外围电路的内装化；
和互联网连接已是一种明显的走向；
可靠性及应用水平越来越高等。
而近年来推出的一些高档单片机还包含有许多特殊功能单元，如?
A/D转换器、调制解调器、通信控制器、锁相环、DMA、浮点运算单元等。
因此，只要外加一些扩展电路及必要的通道接口就可以构成各种计算机应用系统，如工业控制系统、数据采集系统、自动测试系统、智能仪表、智能接口、功能模块等。
单片机结构的发展与完整，其应用系统会向更高层次和更大规模发展。
单片机已成为高科技领域中的有力工具。
2系统整体结构设计
本次的毕业设计是基于单片机的矩阵键盘输入与液晶显示的设计，首先单片机（SCM）模型选择相应的目标、功能、可靠性、成本，精度和速度控制系统。
根据这个主题的实际情况，选择不同的配置管理模型主要考虑从以下两个方面：
第一，供应链管理具有较强的抗干扰能力；
第二，单片机具有较高的性价比。
对于信息的输入模块，键盘的选择可采用经济实惠又满足要求的4*4按键式矩阵键盘，按键丰富可实现多个功能按键需求。
至于输出模块，用的是LCD1602液晶显示模块，实现按键信息功能处理后的液晶显示。
该系统实现要求的电路是由STC89C52芯片、时钟电路、复位电路，列扫描驱动电路、行线驱动电路和LCD1602液晶屏。
4*4矩阵键盘接入P1.0—P1.7，LCD1602液晶屏接入P0.0—P0.7。
3系统的硬件电路设计
3.1液晶显示模块
液晶显示的原理是利用液晶的物理特性，通过电压对其显示区域进行控制，有电就有显示，这样即可以显示出图形。
液晶显示器具有厚度薄、适用于大规模集成电路直接驱动、易于实现全彩色显示的特点，目前
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