美利坚合众国宪法中英文Word文档格式.docx

美利坚合众国宪法中英文Word文档格式.docx

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以及合众国已经缔结及将要缔结的一切条约，皆为全国之最高法律；

每个州的法官都应受其约束，任何一州宪法或法律中的任何内容与之抵触时，均不得有违这一规定。

前述之参议员及众议员，各州州议会议员，合众国政府及各州政府之一切行政及司法官员，均应宣誓或誓愿拥护本宪法；

但合众国政府之任何职位或公职，皆不得以任何宗教标准作为任职的必要条件。

　　第七条

　　本宪法经过九个州的制宪大会批准後，即在批准本宪法的各州之间开始生效。

本宪法于公元１７８７年，即美利坚合众国独立后第１２年的９月１７日，经出席制宪会议的各州在会上一致同意后制定。

我们谨在此签名作证。

THECONSTITUTIONOFTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA

　　March4,1789

　　Preamble

　　WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

　　ArticleI

　　Section1.AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.

　　Section2.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralstates,andtheelectorsineachstateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforelectorsofthemostnumerousbranchofthestatelegislature.

　　NopersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageoftwentyfiveyears,andbeensevenyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatstateinwhichheshallbechosen.

　　Representativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralstateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisunion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherPersons.TheactualEnumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachstateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative；

anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,thestateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pennsylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.

　　WhenvacancieshappenintheRepresentationfromanystate,theexecutiveauthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.

　　TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirspeakerandotherofficers；

andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.

　　Section3.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachstate,chosenbythelegislaturethereof,forsixyears；

andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheseatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatonethirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear；

andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessofthelegislatureofanystate,theexecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingofthelegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.

　　NopersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsacitizenoftheUnitedStatesandwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatstateforwhichheshallbechosen.

　　TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.

　　TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheofficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates.

　　TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:

Andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwothirdsofthememberspresent.

　　Judgmentincasesofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trustorprofitundertheUnitedStates:

butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgmentandpunishment,accordingtolaw.

　　Section4.Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachstatebythelegislaturethereof；

buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmakeoraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators.

　　TheCongressshallassembleatleastonceineveryyear,andsuchmeetingshallbeonthefirstMondayinDecember,unlesstheyshallbylawappointadifferentday.Section5.EachHouseshallbethejudgeoftheelections,returnsandqualificationsofitsownmembers,andamajorityofeachshallconstituteaquorumtodobusiness；

butasmallernumbermayadjournfromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheattendanceofabsentmembers,insuchmanner,andundersuchpenaltiesaseachHousemayprovide.

　　EachHousemaydeterminetherulesofitsproceedings,punishitsmembersfordisorderlybehavior,and,withtheconcurrenceoftwothirds,expelamember.

　　EachHouseshallkeepajournalofitsproceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,exceptingsuchpartsasmayintheirjudgmentrequiresecrecy；

andtheyeasandnaysofthemembersofeitherHouseonanyquestionshall,atthedesireofonefifthofthosepresent,beenteredonthejournal.

　　NeitherHouse,duringthesessionofCongress,shall,withouttheconsentoftheother,adjournformorethanthreedays,nortoanyotherplacethanthatinwhichthetwoHousesshallbesitting.

　　Section6.TheSenatorsandRepresentativesshallreceiveacompensationfortheirservices,tobeascertainedbylaw,andpaidoutofthetreasuryoftheUnitedStates.Theyshallinallcases,excepttreason,felonyandbreachofthepeace,beprivilegedfromarrestduringtheirattendanceatthesessionoftheirrespectiveHouses,andingoingtoandreturningfromthesame；

andforanyspeechordebateineitherHouse,theyshallnotbequestionedinanyotherplace.

　　NoSenatororRepresentativeshall,duringthetimeforwhichhewaselected,beappointedtoanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStates,whichshallhavebeencreated,ortheemolumentswhereofshallhavebeenincreasedduringsuchtime；

andnopersonholdinganyofficeundertheUnitedStates,shallbeamemberofeitherHouseduringhiscontinuanceinoffice.

　　Section7.AllbillsforraisingrevenueshalloriginateintheHouseofRepresentatives；

buttheSenatemayproposeorconcurwithamendmentsasonotherBills.

　　EverybillwhichshallhavepassedtheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate,shall,beforeitbecomealaw,bepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates；

ifheapproveheshallsignit,butifnotheshallreturnit,withhisobjectionstothatHouseinwhichitshallhaveoriginated,whoshallentertheobjectionsatlargeontheirjournal,andproceedtoreconsiderit.IfaftersuchreconsiderationtwothirdsofthatHouseshallagreetopassthebill,itshallbesent,togetherwiththeobjections,totheotherHouse,bywhichitshalllikewisebereconsidered,andifapprovedbytwothirdsofthatHouse,itshallbecomealaw.ButinallsuchcasesthevotesofbothHousesshallbedeterminedbyyeasandnays,andthenamesofthepersonsvotingforandagainstthebillshallbeenteredonthejournalofeachHouserespectively.IfanybillshallnotbereturnedbythePresidentwithintendays（Sundaysexcepted）afteritshallhavebeenpresentedtohim,thesameshallbealaw,inlikemannerasifhehadsignedit,unlesstheCongressbytheiradjournmentpreventitsreturn,inwhichcaseitshallnotbealaw.

　　Everyorder,resolution,orvotetowhichtheconcurrenceoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesmaybenecessary（exceptonaquestionofadjournment）shallbepresentedtothePresidentoftheUnitedStates；

andbeforethesameshalltakeeffect,shallbeapprovedbyhim,orbeingdisapprovedbyhim,shallberepassedbytwothirdsoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,accordingtotherulesandlimitationsprescribedinthecaseofabill.

　　Section8.TheCongressshallhavepowertolayandcollecttaxes,duties,impostsandexcises,topaythedebtsandprovideforthecommondefenseandgeneralwelfareoftheUnitedStates；

butallduties,impostsandexcisesshallbeuniformthroughouttheUnitedStates；

　　ToborrowmoneyonthecreditoftheUnitedStates；

　　Toregulatecommercewithforeignnations,andamongtheseveralstates,andwiththeIndiantribes；

　　Toestablishauniformruleofnaturalization,anduniformlawsonthesubjectofbankruptciesthroughouttheUnitedStates；

　　Tocoinmoney,regulatethevaluethereof,andofforeigncoin,andfixthestandardofweightsandmeasures；

　　ToprovideforthepunishmentofcounterfeitingthesecuritiesandcurrentcoinoftheUnitedStates；

　　Toestablishpostofficesandpostroads；

　　Topromotetheprogressofscienceandusefularts,bysecuringforlimite