毕业设计外文翻译投资项目管理的新模式Word文件下载.docx

毕业设计外文翻译投资项目管理的新模式Word文件下载.docx

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Inthepast．projectconstructionadoptedtheconventionalmanagementmodels，suchaspartA—partBcontract，headquarters，andinfrastructuredepartmentandsoon．Theseprojectmanagementmodelsbroughtaboutmanydeficiencies，suchasnon—professionalmanagement，overspendinginvestmentbudget，andcorruptionphenomena，etc．Butagentconstructionsystemcanovercometheseshortcomings.

Agentconstructionsystemembodiestheprincipleoffair,openandjustforinvestors，deputyanduser．Itnailstheirrightsandobligationsdownwithcontracts；

theprojectisoperatedinthelightofbiding，contract，andsupervision．Deputiescaneasilycontroltheinvestmentandscaleofproject．Moreover,agentconstructionsystem"

canguaranteethequalityofdesignandconstruction，anddecreasetheprojectcost，fordeputiesaccumulatelotsofexperienceinprofessionaltechnologyandmanagementinpracticeforalongtime．Inshort，becauseoftheseparationofconstruction，managementanduse，agentconstructionsystemmakesforimplementingthegoaloffinancialmechanism，lawsandmarket．Itcanstimulatedeputiestocontrolinvestmentandimprovequality．Furthermore，thespecializedteamhasguaranteedthespecializedlevelsofprojectconstructionandmanagement．Thisagentconstructionsystem，anewmanagementmodelofengineeringconstruction，isadaptedtogovernmentalinvestmentprojectinChina．Withdeepeningofthereform，itisnecessarythatagentconstructionsystemisgraduallypopularinChina.

2．ReviewsonExperimentalPracticeofAgentConstructionSystem

Amongpracticalexperimentsofagentconstructionsystem，ShanghaiandShenzhenaretypicalofexperimentalcities．

In1999，ShanghaiPuDongConsultantCompanywascommittedbyShanghaiPlanningCommissionandwhollytookchargeofconstructShanghaifiscalproject．ItisthebeginningofagentconstructionsysteminShanghai．InDecember2001，Shanghaimunicipalityissued“suggestionsonpromotingtheexperienceaboutreformofconstructionmanagementsystemofgovernmentalinvestmentprojects.”Theissuefocusedonseparatingthefunctionofgovementalinvestmentfrominvestmentmanagement．Itcanradicallychangegovernmentfurnctions．Inaddition，Itishelpfultosetuptheowners’statusofinvestmentandpromotethefoundationofengineeringmanagementmarket．Aftertheissuecomissentobeing，theowners’statusofinvestmentforgovernmentalinvestmentprojecthasbeenestablished．

Underagentconstructionmodel，engineeringmanagementfirmsthatactasagentownersacceptthecommissionofgovernmentandmanagethegovernmentalinvestmentprojects.Therearemorethan20provincesorcitiestouseagentconstructionsystemtoconstructiongovernmentalinvestmentprojectsorpublicprojects．InApril1998，Shanxiprovincefoundedageneralconstructionmanagementofficetoactfortheownerofnon-profitimportantprojectinvestedbygovernment．

Beijingissued“ManagementmethodsofagentconstructionmodelforgovermentalinvestmentprojectinBeijing”onMarch1，2004．

Accordingtothesituation，twogroupsofagentconstructionmodelhavebeenformed．OneistheShenzhenmodelthattheappointedorganizationtakesontheownerandmanagerofproject，whichreferstoHongkongmode1．AnotheristheShanghaimodel，whichadoptsactivemeasures，cultivatesmanyengineering

managementfirms，andproperlyseparatesthefunctionofownerfromprojectmanagement．

3．AnalysisoiltheProblemsExistingintheCourseofPracticeofAgentConstruction

Model

3.1TheKind，Qualification，OperationofDeputyNeedtoBeClarified.First，thekindofdeputyaffectsthefoundationofagentconstructionmodel’sregulations．Asfarasthepresentsituationisconcerned，therearethreetypesofdeputies，namelyenterprise，publicinstitution，governmentbody．Thatdifferentplacesadoptdifferenttypescausesaconfusedsituationanddoesharmtotheoperationofagentconstructionmode1．Second，thequalificationofdeputiesisdifferentandneedstoperfectagain．Third，theoperationmodeisdifferent．Somearethatthedeputiesunderowners’commissionemployfunds，andbuildandmanagetheprojectalloverthewholeprocess；

Somearethatthejointdepartmentsestablishedbyownersand

deputiesconstructandmanage，andthenappropriatefunds．Finally,agentscopeistoonarrow．Agentconstructionmodelislimitedtothepublicwelfareprojectinvestedordominatedbygovernment．

3.2AgentConstructionModellacksofUniformRegulation

First，deputiesastheerectorsandadministratorsofprojectneededtocheckbudgetsandratifyfunds．Thusoriginalfinancialapplication，compilationofbudget，andappropriationoffundsshouldharmonizebetweenuserandagencyandrenewregulation．Second，thehostoffinancialmanagementandaccountingaccountsisnotclear．Intheagentmodel，theprojectworksinearlierstagemaybearefinishedbyagencies；

Atonetime，userpurchaseschiefequipmentbyitself．Becauseuserandagentbothusefunds，theproblemscomeintobeing：

whoisthehostofaccounting，whoshouldtakechargeoffinancialmanagement，andwhocompletefinalaccounts.Third，thestandardofagencies’comissionshasn’tuniformregulation．Differentplacesadoptdifferentstandards．Somedeterminetheagencies’comissionsaccordingtocontractors’administrativeexpenses；

someadoptcostsaddingaxesandproperprofits；

3.3AgenciesAreWeakandaFairAgencyMarketHasn’tBeenFormed

First，asawhole，thequalityofagenciesisn’thigh．Manyagenciestransitfromoriginalconstructionunits，engineeringconsultingfirms，engineeringsupervisorfirms，engineeringprocurementfirms，sotheireconomicstrengths，stafs’quality,internalgovernanceandsooncan’treachtherequest．Second，thenumberofagenciesisnotlarge．Infact，onlywhenmanyagenciesjoinit，afair,effectiveagencymarketmaybefounded．Butinourcountry,thenumberofqualifiedagenciesislittleandcan’tmeetthedemandofmarketcompetition．

4.ThePerfectionofRegulationofAgentConstructionSystem

Govermmentdepartmentshouldsummarizetheexperimentalexperiencesandsetdowntheregulationstodirecttheoperationofagentmodelinthekind，qualification，operationtype，responsibilities，projectscope，agentmodeofagenciesandsoon．

4.1TypeofAgentOrganizations

Fromthetrendofdevelopment，themaintypeofagenciesisenterprise．Asfarasstatusquoisconcerned，governmentbodiesinChinaaresooverstarfedthatfiscalburdenistooheavy．Sothepolicyhasbeenimplementedinordertosimplifythegovernmentdepartmentsandreducethestaftrimmer．Ifthetypeofagenciesis

governmentbodyorpublicinstitute，itdeviatesthepolicyofthegovermmentandaggravatesthefiscalburden．Thusthechieftypeofagenciesshouldbeenterpriseswhoself-operateandself-takeonprofitsorloss．

4.2QualificationofAgentFirms

Agenciesmustbequalifiedengineeringmanagementfirmsandgenerallyhavesomebasicconditionsasfollows．First，theyownthequalificationofalevel．Second，theyhavemorethanOneyearexperienceofengineeringmanagement，andhavetakenonthetotalmanagementofaprojectwhichfinancialamountisover100

millionRMB．Third，engineeringmanagementfirmsdemandmoreregisteredcapitalsiftheytakeonthelargerinvestmentprojects.Fourth，thechiefandtechnicalprincipalsshouldownhigherqualification，theexperiencesandthecapabilitiesofconduct，harmony,organization；

ortakechargeofaprojectinvestedover100millionRMB．Fifth，theyhavedesignatedanumbersofprofessionalcertificates，includinghigherengineer,highereconomist，registeredcostengineer,registeredstructureengineer,registeredsupervisionengineerandagencyqualification．Furthermore，theyhavethecapabilitiesofcheckingdesign，auditingbudgets，supervisingengineeringqualityandsafety．

4.3ExecutionofAgentWorks

Bynow,thelevelofagenciesislowonthewhole．Mostagenciescan’tmeettherequiredqualification，lackpracticalexperiencesoftotalmanagementandconduction．Inaddition，welackoflawsandregulationsaboutagentmodel，andthedepthofexternalsurveillanceisn’tenough．Thus，wemayadopttwokindsofwaysin

executingagentprojects．Onekindisdividingtheprojectintotwoparts：

sitepreparingworksareconsignedanagencytomanage；

constructionworksareconsignedandotheragency．Anotherkindisthattotalworksareconsignedanagencywhohashigherqualifiedengineeringmanagementfirmtodo．Weshouldenhancethestrengthofengineeringfirmandpromotethelatterkind．

4.4ScopeofAgentProject

Atpresent，thescopeofagentprojectisnarrowerandonlyislimitedtopublicwelfareprojectsinvestedbygovernment．Soweneedenlargethescopeofagentprojects．Agentmodelisbasedonthetheoryofprincipalagent，restrictsthebehaviorsofcorrelativeattendeesaccordingtocontracts，andmakestheirrightsequaltotherespo