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struggles
1.2Capitalismanditsdeepeningstructuralcrisis
1.3Intensificationoftheimperialistoffensive
1.4Potentialandprospectsoftheworkers'
struggle
1.5Socialism,thealternativetocapitalism
ChapterII
Thenationalsituationandthebreakwithrightwing
policies
2.1.Rightwing
policiesandthecountry'
ssituation
2.2.TheevolutionoftheEuropeanUnion–aprocessthatisjeopardising
Portugal'
snationalinterestsanddevelopment
ChapterIV
TheParty
4.1.CommunistIdentity,thePartyProgrammeandConstitution
4.2.Anintense,militantandcoherentactivity
4.3.StrengtheningtheParty:
acomprehensiveandindispensabletask
4.4.Militancy
4.5.Leadership
4.6.Cadres
4.7.Organization
4.8.Politicalactionandlinkswiththemasses
4.9.Ideologicalstruggle
4.10Party
press,informationandpropaganda
4.11–Funds
4.12International
Activity
Closingremark
2
struggleandthealternative:
socialism
The19thCongressisbeingheldinacontextthatisparticularlydemanding,complex
andimportantfortheworkers'
liberationstruggle.Confirmingthe
prospectsthatwehadoutlinedatthe18thCongress,theinternationalsituationis
characterisedbygreatinstability,uncertaintyandbyanacuteandintensifiedclass
struggle.
AsthePCP,anchoredinitstheoreticalfoundations,haslongsincepredictedand
warned,theintensificationofcapitalism'
scrisisliesattheepicentreofmajor
developmentsintheinternationalsituation,whosemainelementandexpressionhas
beentheeruptionofoneofcapitalism'
smostacutecyclicalcrisesever.
Imperialism'
sfierceoffensive,togetherwithitsviolentresponsetothecapitalistcrisis,
hasbeenmetbyanintensificationofworkers'
struggles,andbythe
factthatcountriesandgroupsofnationshaveassertedthemselves,seekingpathsof
developmentoutsidetheframeworkofimperialism'
shegemonicdomination.
Majoreconomic,social,politicalandculturalchangesareunderway,withmajor
geo-strategicimplications.Theiroutcomeisasyetdifficulttoestablish.Itwilldepend
onalongandcomplexsetoffactors,including:
thestruggleofpeoplesfortheir
liberationandtodefendtheirsovereigntyandindependence,theroleandliaisonof
thoseStatesthatopposeimperialism,andthekeyroleofstruggleswagedbythe
workingclassandthemassesofthepeople,aswellasthebalanceofforcesbetween
capitalandlabourthatwillemergefromthesestruggles.
soffensivebearswithinitgravedangers.Butatthesametime,the
developmentofthestruggle,andtheexpandingawarenessaboutcapitalism'
struenature
–exploitative,aggressive,predatoryandoppressive–revealthatthereisrealpotential
forresistanceagainstimperialismandtodevelopthestruggletoovercome
capitalismthroughrevolution.
Inthemidstofacontextwheremoreandmoreobjectivematerialfactorsfavourthe
developmentofrevolutionarystruggles,theCommunistandrevolutionarymovement
stillexhibits–inspiteofsomeprogressandmorerootinginthemasses–weaknessand
shortcomings.Nowisstillatimeofresistanceandaccumulationofforces.
Thesubjectivefactoroftherevolutionarystruggleisrelativelylagging.This
increasesthecomplexityofthesituation.Moreandmorechallengesareconfrontingthe
forcesofprogress,andespeciallyCommunists.Theynecessitateacarefultheoretical
andpracticaldefinitionofalliances,ofthepaceandstagesinthestruggletoovercome
capitalismthroughrevolutionandtobuildsocialism–thenecessaryandonly
alternativetocapitalism.
Forthisalternativetomaterialise,theworkingpeopleandthemassesofthepeoplehave
akeyroletoplay,withtheirstruggle,participationandcreativity,interconnectedwith
theneedtostrengthentheinternationalCommunistandrevolutionarymovement
and,indialecticalrelationwiththis,tostrengthentheanti-imperialistfront.
3
Twodecadeshaveelapsedsincesocialism'
sdefeatsintheUSSRandEasternEurope.
shegemonicruleispushingtheworldintoacivilisationalregression
ofhistoricproportions,destroyinggainsandrightsachievedbythestruggleof
workersandpeoplesthroughoutthe20thcentury.Itsgoalistoreinstate19th-century
levelsofclassexploitationandnationaloppression.Capitalism'
sexploitative,
aggressive,predatoryandoppressivenaturehasbeenexposedfurtherbythedevastating
consequencesofthecrisisofoverproductionandover-accumulationofcapitalthathas
beendraggingonforoverfouryears.
Thesystem'
scontradictionsarebecomingmoreprofound,especiallythe
fundamentalcontradictionbetweenthesocialnatureofproductionandtheprivate
natureofappropriationofmeansofproduction.Therelevanceandcorrectnessof
Marxism-Leninism'
smainthesesisbeingconfirmedbyevents–specifically,the
tendencyfortherateofprofittofall,somethingthatcapitalismisseekingtocounter
usingallpossiblemeans.Capitalismintensifiesitsexploitationofworkersandpeoples,
fosteringthedevaluationanddestructionofcapital,andincreasinglyresortstofinancial
speculationandthegrowthofmilitarism.
Thiscrisisisverydeep.Itdiffersfrompreviouscyclicaloverproductioncrises
insofarasitspansthewholeworld,itconcurswithotheraspectsofcapitalism'
s
structuralcrisis,affectingtheenergy,rawmaterials,foodandenvironmentspheres,and
itishappeninginthemidstofmajorshiftsininternationalrelations.
Thecrisisisexposingandexacerbatingcapitalism'
sparasiticanddecadentnature–
thusconfirmingitstendencytostagnate.Thisishighlightedbythemajorcapitalist
powers'
difficultyinextricatingthemselvesfromtherecessionandstagnationinto
whichtheyhaveplunged.Thefactisthatthecapitalisteconomy'
sdegreeof
financialisation,morethanapoliticalchoice,istheresultofhowthecapitalistsystem
operatesinitscurrentstageofdevelopment.
Theconsequencesofthisfinancialisationprocessintheworldeconomyarehuge.The
resultoffinancecapital'
shegemonyis,ontheonehand,hugewastageand
destructionofproductiveforces,firstandforemostthemassiveandrising
unemployment,andontheother,thefactthatthebigeconomicandfinancial
conglomeratesareappropriatingthelion'
sshareofallsurplusvaluethatis
created.Thisisleadingtoaswiftcentralisationandconcentrationofcapital,toa
weakeningoftheproductivesector,andtoanincreasinglyunevendistributionof
incomebetweencapitalandlabour.
ThroughthespiralsofStateindebtednessandthemechanismsattheirservice–from
ratingsagenciestotheworld-widesystemofoffshorebanking（taxhavens）–theUSA
andotherimperialistpowersaremassivelyplunderingtheworldofthewealththatis
created,andthusimpedingthedevelopmentandsocialprogressofcountriesthatare
formallyindependentbutinactualfactare,toagreaterorlesserextent,beingsubjected
toveritableprocessesofcolonisationbybigcapitalandimperialism.
Thesocialconsequencesoftheeconomicandfinancialcrisis,withtheensuing
destructionofproductiveforcesandtheprocessesofconcentrationand
centralisationofcapital,aredevastating.Capitalismsustainsitsgrowthperiodsby
increasingtheexploitationofworkersandpeoples,andthen,intheperiodsofcrisisthat
4
resultfromitsverynatureandcontradictions,itincreasesthelevelsofexploitationeven
further–aspiralofsocialdevastationandconcentrationofwealth.
Socialpolarisationisbecomingmoreintense.Thecrisishasexposedevenfurtherthe
scandalouscontradictionbetweentheremarkableadvancesofscienceandtechnology,
andthesocialregressionthathassinceintensified.Atthecurrentleveloftheproductive
forces'
development,theworldcouldbeinapositiontofeeditsentirepopulation.The
labourtimeneededtoproduceeverythingthatissociallynecessarycouldbe
substantiallyreduced.However,capitalismisseriouslyenhancingtheimbalancesinthe
distributionofwealth,thehunger,poverty,malnutrition,lackofmedicalcareandaccess
tomedication,andinfantmortality.AccordingtotheInternationalLabourOrganisation
（ILO）,unemploymentisaffectingover200millionworkersworldwide,andpovertyis
spreadingevenamongthosewhohavemanagedtokeeptheirjobs.Besidesthehorrible
consequencesofthewarsandmilitaryconflictscausedbyimperialism,thereareglaring
crimesgoingon,inherenttothesystem'
sverynature,suchaschildlabour,the
traffickingofhumanbeings,slaveryandsexualexploitation.Lifeexpectancyis
droppinginmanycountries.
Theenvironmentaleffectofcapitalism'
sdeepeningstructuralcrisishighlightsthe
unsustainabilityofanorganisationofeconomicproductionbasedonirrational,
intensive,continuousandgrowingcaptureandextractionofabundantflowsof
energyandrawmaterials–fromthetopsoil,thesubsoilandthehydrosphere–guided
bythequestformaximumprofitsandtheincessantaccumulationofcapital.
Eventsaremakingitobviousthatcapitalismisunabletoensuremediumandlong-term
socialandeconomicdevelopmentwhilepreservingn
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