不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响文档格式.docx

不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响文档格式.docx

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Chinese;

English【摘要】地理环境与人类的生存密切相关,远古的人类就是在不断地征服自然,改造自然中,发展、壮大起来。

可以说,古代人类最重要的活动就是征服自然,发展生产。

当时的人类的文化受到地理环境的影响。

中国位于欧亚大陆的东部,东边是难以逾越的太平洋,西南是有世界屋脊之称的喜马拉雅山,西北是一片大沙漠,可以说中国是相对地与外界隔离。

并且中国有大片土地供耕耘,气候也适合农耕,因此中国的文化是农耕文化,其文化偏向土地。

而英国,乃至整个西方,适合耕耘的土地少,而且面向地中海,大西洋,适合发展海洋文化。

而西方文化的发源地古希腊,更可以被称为是典型的海洋文化,因此,英国的文化更偏向海洋。

习语是中西文化中的精华,本篇将列出中西习语中受地理影响的部分。

旨在弄清地理环境与文化之间的关系。

【关键词】地理;

习语;

汉语;

英语1、IntroductionTheenvironmentinfluencestheculture.Humanandthenaturearerelatedclosely.Foronething,humandependsonthenature,andisboundbythenature.Foranther,humanalwaystrytomasterthenatureandrebuildit.Asweallknow,theChinesecultureandtheEnglishculturehavedifferentnatureenvironments.Chinahasalargeplainfortillage.Butinthewesterncountries,especiallyintheGreece,themotherofthewesterncivilization,hassmalllandfortillage,thelandisforthestockbreeding.WhiletheGreekhavelesslandtodeveloptheagriculture,theylivenearthesea,theMediterranean,sotheycansailintheseaforcommerce.Becauseofthedifferences,theChinesecultureandtheEnglishculturearedifferent.TheChinesecultureistheagriculturecivilizationandtheEnglishcultureisfromtheGreekcivilization,sotheEnglishcultureistheseacivilization.2、ThesimilaritiesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaboutthegeographyTheidiomsarethefossilsoftheChineseandEnglishcultures.IntheChineseandEnglishidioms,therearemanyidiomsaboutthegeography.SomeoftheChineseandEnglishidiomshavethesimilarmeanings,butothersareindifferentmeanings.Inthegroupofidioms,whichhavesimilarmeaning,manyofthemusethesameimages,whileothersusethedifferentimagestoexplainthesamething.2.1ThesimilaritiesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaboutthegeographyInmanyoftheChineseandEnglishidioms,theyhavethesamemeanings.Coincidently,manyofthemusethesameimages.ItshowsthattheChinesepeopleandEnglishpeopleexperiencethesimilarconceptions.Meanwhile,someofthemhavethesamemeanings,buttheyusethedifferentimagestoexplain.Fromthat,wecouldknowthatalthoughtheChineseandEnglishpeoplehavethesameexperience,theyhavethedifferentcultures.Sotheidiomsalwaysusethedifferentimages.2.1.1TheChinese-EnglishgeographyidiomsthatusethesimilarimagesIntheancientChinaandEngland,thepeoplemayhavethesameexperience,andcoincidentlyusethesameimagetodescribethesamething.Itisverycoincidental.

（1）Fishintroublewatersand“浑水摸鱼”Meaning:

toprofitinaconfusedenvironmente.g.Don’tfishintroublewaters;

thatdoesyounogood.

（2）Pour/throwcoldwateronand“泼冷水”Meaning:

todiscouragee.g.Theboardofdirectorpouredcoldwateronhisnewinvestmentproposalsinthatregion.（3）Makewavesand“兴风作浪”Meaning:

tomaketroublee.g.Theyliftitwasnotthetimetomakewavesbystagingasit-in.（4）Gowit

不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响hthestreamand“随波逐流”Meaning:

doasothersdoe.g.Helistenedtothesamemusicanddressedthesamewayashisfriends.Hewentwiththestream,forhelackedconfidenceinmakinghisowndecision.（5）Burnone’sboat/bridgesand“破釜沉舟”Meaning:

todosomethingthatmakeitimpossibletogobacke.g.Startingyourownbusinesshasalotofrisk,sothinktwicebeforeyouburnyourboat.TheidiomsinthisgroupreflectthattheEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsarenearlycoincidental.Peopleindifferentculturesexperiencethesimilarconceptions.Theexamples

（1）to（4）areusingthesameimages.Theexample（5）,inChineseweuse“釜”and“舟”but,inEnglishtheyjustuse“boat”or“bridge”.InbothChineseandEnglishtheboat,thecookingpotandthebridgeareallveryimportanttopeoplelives.2.1.2TheChinese-EnglishgeographyidiomsthatusedifferentimagesWhiletheancientChinesepeopleandEnglishpeoplecoincidentlyusethesameimagetoexplainthesamething.Mostofthetime,theChineseandEnglishpeopleusethedifferentimagestoexplainthesamething.

（1）Bein/getinhotwaterorIndeepwaterand“泥菩萨过江”Meaning:

tobeinorgetintotroublee.g.Shehasgotintohotwateragainforherinquisitivenaturerecently.

（2）Adropinthebucket/oceanand“九牛一毛”Meaning:

anegligibleortinyquantity;

somethingthatmakelittledifferencee.g.Tencentsmeansalotofmoneytothebeggaronthestreet,butisadropintheoceanformostpeople.（3）Paddleone’sowncanoeand“自力更生”Meaning:

todependononeselfe.g.Don’tworrytoomuchaboutyourson;

heisbigenoughtopaddlehisowncanoe.（4）Abigfish（inalittlepond）and“顶天立地”Meaning:

animportantperson（inasmallcommunity）e.g.ItoldyouwhenGeorgecametoourdepartmenttwoyearsagothathe’dsoonjob-hop.Heisabigfish.TheidiomsinthisgroupreflectthattheEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomshavethesamemeaning,butusethedifferentimages.Intheexample

（2）inEnglishtheyuse“ocean”,whileinChineseweuse“牛”.Theexample（4）,inEnglishtheyuse“fish”,butinChineseweuse“地”.Theexample（5）,inEnglishtheyuse“fish”,butinChineseweuse“牛”.TheseshowthattheEnglishculturebelongstotheseacivilization,andtheChineseculturebelongstotheagriculturecivilization.Becausefishisthenormalthinginseacivilization,andtheoxisaveryimportantanimalfortheagriculture.3ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidiomsaboutthegeographyTheenvironmentinfluencedtheidiomsverymuch.Forexample,inChina,therealargelandfortillage,soinChineseidioms,therearemanyidiomsabout“tu”（土）、“di”（地）、and“niu”（牛）--theseareallconnectedcloselytotheagriculture.Butthewesterncultureisdifferent.Inthewesterncountries,especiallyintheGreek–themotherofthewesterncivilizations,therearemanymountainsandsmalllandfortillage.Theyhadtodevelopthebusinessatsea.SointheEnglishidioms,therearemanyidiomsaboutthesea,theboatandthefish.Thereisatypicalexample,whichcouldexplainthis.InChina,wesay“huijinrutu”（挥金如土）,butinEnglish,theysay“spendmoneylikewater”.Thesetwoarealldescribingthatsomeonespendmoneyverymuch,butinChineseweuse“tu”,whileinEnglishtheyuse“water”.3.1ThedifferentimagesaboutthegeographicalwordsinChineseandEnglishidiomsNomatterwhethertheidiomshavethesamemeaning,orhavethedifferentmeanings,theirimagesareallaboutthegeographicalwords.InChineseidioms,manyoftheimagesareconnectedtotheland.InEnglish,manyoftheimagesareconnectedtothesea.3.1.1TheChinesegeographyidiomsThelandisveryimportanttothepeople’slive.Alsotheagricultureisthemostimportantactivityinthepeople’scommonlive.Therearesomanyidiomsusethegeographicalwordstoexplainsomething.Therearesomeexamplecouldshowit.

（1）Juantuchonglai（卷土重来）Stageacomeback

（2）Mianrutuse（面如土色）Lookashen;

lookpalee.g.turnpalewithfright（3）Yibaitudi（一败涂地）Failcomplet

不同的地理特征对汉英习语影响ely;

sufferacrushingdefeat;

berouted.e.g.Wejustcan’tpossiblyfailcompletely,afterallthepreparationwe’vemade.（4）Hutianqiangdi（呼天抢地）Lamenttoheavenandknockone’sheadonearth—uttercriesofanguish.Fromthisgroupofidioms,wecouldseethatthelandisveryimportanttotheChinese.SointheChineseidioms,therearemanyidiomsabouttheland.TheChineseculturebelongstotheagriculturecivilization.3.1.2TheEnglishgeographyidiomsInEngland,theseaisconnectedtothepeople’slifeclosely.Englandisanislandcountry.InEngland,thefieldisless,thelandisforstockbreeding.TheEnglishpeoplealwaysmaketheirlivingonthesea.Sotherearemanyidiomsabouttheseaandtheship.

（1）Atsea①Onaship,etcontheseae.g.spendthreemonthsatsea②Notknowwhattodo;

confusede.g.I’mallatsea;

Ihavenoideahowtorepaircars.

（2）MisstheboatMissanopportunity;

betoolatetoparticipateinsomethinge.g.Sheputherapplicationinforherinterviewonedaylate.Unfortunatelyforhertheuniversityauthoritiescoulddonothingandshehadmissedtheboat（3）AtbottomInreality;

reallybasicallye.g.Heseemsaggressivebutatbottomheiskindandgood-natural（4）Anotherkettleoffish（adifferentkettleoffish）Acompletelydifferentpersonorthingfromtheonepreviouslymentionede.g.Heisgoodatplayingtennisinprivate,butplayinginpublicisadifferentkettleoffish.Thisgroupofidiomsreflectthatthesea、theboat、thefishareveryimportanttothepeople’slives.TheEnglishculturebelongstotheseacivil