英语四级完整版真题3Word下载.docx

英语四级完整版真题3Word下载.docx

《英语四级完整版真题3Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级完整版真题3Word下载.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

Allareguilty;

andwhatamesstheyhavecreated.

Since2007Americahasshed5millionjobs.Morethan15%oftheworkforcearejoblessorunderemployed-roughly25millionworkers.Theonlyindustriesswellingtheirpayrollsarehealthcare,utilitiesandthefederalgovernment.ThevalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmscollapsedby57%fromitspeakinOctober2007toalowinMarchthisyear,thoughithassincebouncedbacksomewhat.Industrialproductionfellby12.8%intheyeartoMarch,theworstslidesincetheSecondWorldWar.MarkZandi,andeconomistatMoody'

sEconomy,com,predictsthattherecessionwillshrinkAmerica'

seconomyby3.5%intotal.Formostexecutives,thisistheworstbusinessenvironmentthey'

veeverseen.

Timesaresotoughthatevenbossesaretakingpaycuts.Median（中位数的）payforchiefexecutivesofS&

P500companiesfell6.8%in2008.TheoverthrownbusinessgiantsofWallStreettookthebiggestknock,withaveragepaycutsof38%andmedianbonusesofzero.Buttherewassomepainforeveryone;

medianpayforchiefexecutivesofnon-financialfirmsintheS&

P500fellby2.7%.

Nearlyeverybusinesshasasadtaletotell.Forexample,ArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,likensthecrisistothedownturnthathithisbusinessafterSeptember11th,2001.Whenthetwintowersfell,Americansstoppedtravelling.Marriotthaditsworstquarterever,withrevenuesperroomfallingby25%.Thisyear,withoutaterroristattack,thehotelindustryis"

puttingthesamenumbersontheboard"

saysMr.Sorenson.

Thehotelbust（不景气）,likemostbusts,wasprecededbyabreathtakingboom.Althoughmanyotherbigfirmsresistedthetemptationtoover-borrow,developersborrowedheavilyandbuiltbiggerandfancierhotelsasifthewholeworldwereplanningaholidayinLasVegas.Whenthebubbleburst,demandcollapsed.Hotelownersfoundthemselveswithahugenumberofemptyroomsevenasalotofunnecessarynewhotelswerereadytoopen.

Otherindustrieshavesufferedevenmore.Largenumbersofbuilders,propertyfirmsandretailershavegonebankrupt.AndadisasterhashitDetroit.LastyeartheAmericancarindustryhadthecapacitytomake17millionvehicles.Salesin2009couldbebarelyhalfofthat.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakers-GeneralMotors,FordandChrysler-accumulatedruinouscostsoverthepost-waryears,suchasgold-platedhealthplansandpensionsforworkerswhoretiredasyoungas48.Allthreearedesperatelyrestructuring.OnlyFordmaysurviveinitscurrentform.

Hardtimesbreedhardfeelings.FewAmericansunderstandwhatcausedtherecession.Someareseekingscapegoats（替罪羊）.Politiciansarehappytotakeadvantage.BosseshavebeensummonedtoWashingtontobescoldedonlivetelevision.Thepresidentcondemnstheirgreed.

Extravagance（奢侈）isout

Businessfolkarebendingoverbackwardstoavoidseemingextravagant.Meetingsatresortsaresuddenlyunacceptable.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasatthelastminuteandrebookeditinSanFrancisco,whichcostmorebutsoundedlessfun.

Anyway,thepainwilleventuallyend.Americanbusinesswillregainitsshine.Manyfirmswilldie,butthesurvivorswillemergeleanerandstrongerthanbefore.Thefinancialsector'

sshareoftheeconomywillshrink,andstayshrunkforyearstocome.Theimportanceofnon-financialfirmswillaccordinglyrise,alongwiththeirabilitytoattractthebesttalent.Americawillremainthebestplaceonearthtodobusiness,solongasBarackObamaandtheDemocratsinCongressresistthetemptationtointerferetoomuch,andsolongasorganisedlabourdoesnotoverplayitshand.

Thecrisiswillprovehugelydisruptive（破坏性的）,however.Badmanagementtechniqueswillbeexposed.Necessitywillforcetheswiftadoptionofmoreefficientones.Atthesametime,technologicalinnovation（创新）willbarelypauseforbreath-andtwobigpoliticalchangesseemlikely.

Mr.Obama'

splantocurbcarbondioxide（CO2）emissions（排放）,thoughnecessary,willbefarfromcost-free,whateverhissunnyspeechesonthesubjectmightsuggest.Theshifttoalow-carboneconomywillhelpsomefirms,hurtothersandrequireeveryorganisationthatusesmuchenergytorethinkhowitoperates.ItishardertopredicthowMr.Obama'

sproposedreformstothefailinghealth-caresystemwillturnout.Ifhesucceedsincurbingcosts-abigif-itwouldbeahugegainforAmerica.Somebusinesseswillbenefitbutthevastbulkofthesavingswillbecapturedbyworkers,.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthatAmerica'

srecessionistheresultof_____.

A）amessyrealestatemarket

B）acombinationofcauses

C）unregulatedcompetition

D）financiers'

mismanagement

2.Attheworsttime,thetotalvalueoflistedsharesinAmericanfirmsshrankby_____.

A）57%B）15%C）12.8%D）3.5%

3.AccordingtoArneSorenson,thepresidentofMarriotthotels,thecurrentrecession______.

A）wastheworsthehadeverseensinceWorldWarII

B）reducedhisrevenuestoaquarterofnormalyears

C）hithisbusinessashardasthe911terroristattack

D）spoiledhisplanstobuildmorehotelsinLasVegas

4.TheBigThreeAmericancarmakersneedrestructuringtosurvivebecause______.

A）theirproductioncapacityhasshrunktolessthanhalfofthepreviousyear

B）theirtechnologyhasfallenbehindtheircompetitors'

elsewhereintheworld

C）theyhaveborrowedtooheavilyandaccumulatedtoolargeamountsofdebt

D）theycannotcopewiththeruinouscostsaccumulatedoverthepost-waryears

5.GoldmanSachs,aninvestmentbank,cancelledaconferenceinLasVegasinorderto______.

A）raiseitsefficiency

B）cutunnecessarycosts

C）avoidseemingwasteful

D）havefuninSanFrancisco

6.Theauthorofthisreportseemstobe______.

A）againsttoomuchgovernmentinterferenceintheeconomy

B）optimisticaboutObama'

sefforttoreduceCO2emissions

C）interestedinpoliticalandeconomicreforms

D）concernedabouttheinterestsoftheworkforce

7.Accordingtotheauthor.Obama'

splantolimitcarbondioxideemissionswill______.

A）notbenefitAmerica'

sindustry

B）benefitthewholenation

C）dogoodtotheenvironment

D）bynomeansbeinexpensive

8.BecauseHarlowCurtice'

sfirmwasleadingAmericaincreating"

aneweconomicorder"

hewasnamedbyTimemagazineas___________in1955.

9.InMarch,GeneralMotors'

chiefexecutivewasfiredbyMr.Obamafor___________.

10.TheauthorisafraidthattheObamaadministrationwillendup___________America'

seconomy.

PartThree十五选十

Justwhenyouhadfiguredouthowtomanagefatinyourdiet,researchersarenowwarningagainstanothercommonmealtimepitfall（陷阱）-salt.

AstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco（UCSF）,StandfordUniversityandColumbiaUniversityshowsthatevena__47__decreaseindailysaltintake（摄入）canleadtodramatichealthbenefits.Theauthors__48__anannualdropofasmanyas120000casesofheartdisease,66000__49__ofstrokeand99000heartattacks__50__byhighbloodpressureaftera3-g-per-dayreductioninsalt.

Theadvantages,notsurprisingly,weregreaterforAfricanAmericans,whoaremorelikelyto__51__highbloodpressurethanotherethnicgroups,andfortheelderly,sincebloodvesselsstiffenwithage,whichcanleadtohigherbloodpressure.

"

EveryoneintheUSisconsumingsaltfarin__52__ofwhatisgoodforthem,"

saysleadauthorDr.KirstenBibbins-DomingoofUCSF."

Whatwearesuggestingisthatapopulation-wideefforttoreducesaltintake,even__53__willhavehealthbenefits."

Theteamconductedacomputer-basedanalysistodeterminethe__54__ofa3-g-per-dayreductioninsaltintakeonratesofheartdiseaseanddeath.Theyalsocalculatedthecostsavingsemergingfromtheamountofdiseasethatwouldbe__55__becauseoflowerbloodpressure.Theconclusion:

bycuttingsaltintakenationwide,theUScouldsave$10billionto$24billion__56__inhealthcarecosts.

PartFour短阅读

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

tofrownwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.LastSeptemberthecouplemovedintoa1500-square-foothomeinPremierGardens,asubdivisionof95"

zero-energyhomes"

（ZEH）justoutsidetown.Nowthey'

reactuallyeagertoseetheirelectricitybills.Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey'

velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:

$75.Forthepasttwomonthstheyhaven'

tpaidacent.

ZEHcommunitiesaretheleadingedgeoftechnologiesthatmightsomedaycreatehousesthatproduceasmuchenergyastheyconsume.PremierGardensisoneofahalf-dozensubdivisionsinCaliforniawhereeveryhomecutspowerconsumptionby50%,mostlybyusinglow-powerappliancesandsolarpanels.

Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityofconventionalhomes.Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandretainingindoorwarmthinwinter.

Therestoftheenergysavingscomesfromthesolarunits.Theydon'

tjustfeedthehometheyserve.Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility'

spowergrid（电网）.Theresidentsarebilledby"

netmetering"

:

they